The paper aimed to address the development of the legislative and institutional framework for the protection of the environment in Algeria through monitoring the most important stages of the development of the legislative framework for the protection of the environment in Algeria, as well as the most important ministries and institutions that took care of its protection. The study found that in light of the difficult situation that the environment in Algeria has become, the Algerian legislator has made a set of laws aimed at the good management of urban and environmental development. Law No. 83/03 of February 05, 1983, on the protection of the environment is considered the first legislation related to the environment, this was followed by a series of laws and decrees, as well as the development of an institutional framework for the protection of the environment, the adoption of environmental policy instruments as a mechanism for preserving them, and the ratification of several international environmental conventions. Despite the existence of many Legislation and laws that provide for the protection of the environment, the environmental situation in Algeria continues to deteriorate due to the lack of effective enforcement of the laws on the ground for its lack of mandatory and deterrent status. The rotation of ministries and agencies to protect the environment has negatively affected the adoption of strict decisions in the field of environmental protection, and not to direct the proceeds of environmental charges imposed on all polluting activities to protect the environment and control pollution.