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This study aimed at identifying the relationship between phonemic awareness (PA) and reading performance (reading accuracy) among primary grade female students and whether reading performance success can be predicted by PA. To achieve the objective of the study, the researcher adopted a descriptive approach (correlational methodology and regression) to identify the relationship between PA and reading performance. The population consisted of all primary grade female students (first, second, and third grades) in governmental schools in the public education in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia while the sample consisted of (90) students who were chosen in a purposed way from public schools in Al- Dawadmi city. The results revealed that there is a significant positive correlation between PA variable and reading performance as measured by the word reading accuracy among first and second grade female students (r= 0.565 and 0.496, respectively). However, there was no correlation between PA and reading performance for the third grade data. Further, the results revealed that (32%) of reading performance of first grade as measured by word reading accuracy can be predicted by the PA variable, and (25%) of reading performance of second grade as measured by word reading accuracy can be predicted by the PA variable. Accordingly, the study recommended that first grade students be trained on PA due to its positive correlation with reading performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]