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The assessment of a river water’ quality is an essential procedure of monitor programs and is used to collect basic environmental data. The management of integrated water resources in a sustainable method is also necessary to allow future generations to meet their water needs. The main objective of this research is to assess the effect of the Diyala River on Tigris River water quality using Geographic Information System (GIS) technique. Water samples have been collected monthly from November 2017 to April 2018 from four selected locations in Tigris and Diyala Rivers using the grab sampling method. Fourteen parameters were studied which are Turbidity, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Biological Oxygen Demand, Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Chloride, Sulphate, Phosphate, Sodium, and Total Alkalinity. The results of GIS maps showed that the water quality of the Tigris River nearly affected by the water quality of the Diyala River within the locations selected. The maps also reveal that in March and April 2018 the quality of surface water got a sudden peak compared with the other months. This is due to the increase in both the parameter of Turbidity and Total Dissolved Solids.

Relatively the specific high salinity ground water in Nineveh province were physically improved with freezing and melting treatment. Also, the algal treatment with Chara vulgaris as a biological treatment were applied, this algae have salt absorbance ability and precipitate it on the external algae surface . The results indicated that the complete freezing and slow melting gave low concentrations of the studied parameters, which depends on the melted water quantity after freezing, the impurity reduction efficiency %E of electrical conductivity, total alkalinity and total hardness with high values at the first treatment were (95 , 96 , 95%) respectively, the previous parameters were decreased to (73 , 74.7 and 77%) after the third treatment, also, the results were reported decreasing in case of partial freezing, so, the releasing percentage of electrical conductivity, total alkalinity, chlorides and sulfates to ( 56 - 55 - 42 and 85%) respectively. After six days of the biological treatment with Chara vulgaris algae indicates that the releasing percentage of total alkalinity and total hardness were decreased by ( 38.7 and 66%) respectively, finely it was found after 13 days of the treatment, the above parameters were raised to ( 55.1 and 92% ) respectively

The study was designed to determine the physical and chemical properties of some water sources and investigate their suitability in irrigation. The samples are taken from stored and stagnant water in a pool (20x10x2 m) to irrigate agricultural fields in the College of Agriculture, University of Qadisiya, it is compared with sewage and tap water also water reverse osmosis was used as a control. The water samples are categorized depending on the values of electrical conductivity and sodium adsorption ratio according to US Salinity Laboratory. The effect of four types of water also is studied in plant of tomatoes Lycopersicum esculntum conditions under the canopy by some external morphological characteristics and physiological as stressed indicators. Electrical conductivity values are ranged between (0.066- 1.856 ds.m-1). The pH values are between (3.7 - 3.8) and the total suspended solid are ranged from (0.01- 87.85 mg / L, while the results have been recorded between (103.4- 1120) mg /l of total solids of the treated water and wastewater respectively. The results of chemical analyses show that total alkalinity and hardness of wastewater samples are very high (445.35 mg/l and 603.16 mg/l), while decreases to (27.6 mg/l and 41.65 mg/l) for RO treated water respectively. The concentrations of cations (Na, Ca2, Mg2, K) are between (- 37.9 - 77.3) and (8.5-37.57) and (15.3- 179.56) and (66.6-255.7) mg/l for each element in the treated water and wastewater respectively. While anions (, PO4, Cl, NO2, NO3, SO4 record high ranges for wastewater between (47.9- 477.81) and (6.8-465.28) and (0.16- 59.41) and (7.59-234.96) mg/l respectively. The study also shows that the soluble sodium percentage records the highest value in the treated water (54.5%) and the lowest value is detected in the pond water (38.32%). The sodium adsorption ratio is ranged between (2/1- 4/30) for RO water and wastewater respectively, While the exchangeable sodium percentage is ranged between (0.45-87.16) for both types of water respectively. The results shows the total chlorophyll values were reduced in plant of tomatoes irrigated with wastewater to (3.2 mg/g fresh weight) while the highest value is recorded 5.2 in irrigated plants with RO water. However, chlorophyll a values are ranged between (0.94-1.37) mg/g in irrigated plants with wastewater and RO water treatment respectively, while chlorophyll b values are ranged from (0.39-0.52) and the ratio of Chl. a / Chl. b. was 2.33-2.64 in the pond water and treated water respectively. The total content of carotenoid is decreased to (0.08) mg/g of fresh weight in the wastewater treatment to 0.56 mg/g in RO water treatment, the chlorophyll stability index was between (90.4-62.7%) in irrigated plants with tap water and sewage water respectively. The percentage of permeability to electrolytes increase to (49.8%) in irrigated plants with pond water.