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Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The multiplicity of activities inside the new Sonbol Mosque in the city of Assiut, including prayers, lessons, and worship, listening to sermons and celebrations of holidays, and all these activities have their own vocal demands. The research paper deals with the study of the acoustics of the new Sonbol Mosque in Assiut city and its acoustic defects. To determine these acoustic problems, the mosque’s shape and size were studied to know the sound behavior inside it, as well as the finishing materials and their effect on sound absorption and its actual and optimal recurrence time and calculating this mathematically using mathematical equations. It has been based on theoretical backgrounds, research and studies that are interested in this aspect. It was also relied on field visits and surveying of the mosque, and monitoring of internal and external noise values affecting it using a loudspeaker (S.L.M) (**). To draw conclusions about the mosque and come up with special recommendations to address this problem, the most important of which were: Re designing the speaker system in the mosque and distributing speakers on the ceiling as much as possible to distribute sound in an orderly manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Parametric design is called many meanings, including boundary design, modelling, standard design or variable design all lead to parametric meaning. Parameter design is an architectural approach that uses vocabulary in the light of a set of rules and design patterns that achieve design objectives in the presence of a design idea And research finds that the problem is that such a contemporary approach to design is rarely used in Egypt, although it is widely used around the world and in countries that share with Egypt the cultural heritage, nature and environmental condition, But the complexity of using programming techniques in design without studying or knowing the vocabulary on which the parameter and the associated formation rules depend directly affects design thinking and, in turn, affects the cost because it needs various and modern implementation techniques.. Therefore, the research aims to derive the vocabulary of the parametric approach and to identify the rules and patterns of this contemporary design approach. The paper addresses the different concepts of parameter design, the main principles on which it relies and the basic patterns on which the architect can identify the features of the parameter building. The study found that the parametric approach has been proven to be efficient using various modes of formation and various architectural vocabulary in achieving all design objectives. The research recommends using the benchmark for architectural design equation in identifying and analyzing parametric buildings in light of patterns and rules to reach the parametric vocabulary to achieve different design Features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Digital tools are considered the industrial technology of urban computing, it aims to design interactive urban spaces which enable people and help them to practice socio-cultural aspects of their daily life. It reflects their identity and boosts their local sense of place. So, rethinking to integrate digital tools into the public urban spaces in Egypt will introduce new trends and innovative approaches in urban design, and it will enrich the design process. It has provided a new interactive experience in the urban environment. So, this paper studied the influence of the digital applications on the interactive experience to study their impact on the livability and vitality of urban spaces, in addition, to construct the design guidelines of digital interactive space. Thus, both the plaza of Arabian and Cairo Festival malls were selected as case studies to investigate the ability to accommodating of urban spaces in Egypt to the technological impact, by observing and determining the optimal places to integrate digital equipment and studying the correlation between the engagement within space and the criteria of vital urban spaces using SPSS. This study has proposed the framework to design the digital interactive urban spaces in Egypt, which is a means of making the interactive digital pattern an effective component in the urban design and has deducted the criteria to evaluate that spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The planning of Industrial areas in new cities in Egypt has their special design standards stemming from the needs of the society, its economy and climate characteristics. However, it can effectively take advantage of the experiences of the developed countries in this field; either condition was similar or different to get to the environmental sustainability of these cities. As the Arab Republic of Egypt suffers from blurred vision in industrial zones and new urban planning, so paper deals with the study of industrial zones in the new Egyptian cities and their environmental problems and developing proposals for achieving the environmental sustainability In order to achieve the aim of the research was presented a different method of environmental assessment, such as matrix foundations and environmental standards and the African city index and index Dimension, to evaluate the industrial zones in the cities. And then try to access a methodology in the context of the most important determinants influencing the performance of the region as a whole and of energy, water, and transport emissions, air, waste and resources.. The research has come to the positives and negatives for the new cities, of the Arab Republic Egypt and put the necessary recommendations to take advantage of the positives and avoid the negatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Evidence Based Design ( EBD ) has become the fastest growing trend in healthcare development . It is a field of study emphasizing credible evidence to influence design. The paper deals with the EBD of "patient rooms" as one of the most important therapeutic elements of the environment inside a healthcare building. It examines the efficiency of care environment for patients, the feedback through the patient satisfaction and orientation towards the future design of patient rooms where the built environment will continuously need to be developed due to possible changes in medical technology. Some of the world proposal designs for patient rooms were studied as "Future's Patient Room". Factors associated with the room design were taken into consideration to gain access to a range of features for evidence-based design for maximum safety and optimality. An analytical study was carried out for some of patients rooms in Soin medical Center in Ohio, USA as an international case study. The field study investigated a range of patient rooms in Mansoura University hospital as well as in the the Urology and Nephrology Center-Mansoura University. Justifications for choosing the case studies were clarified, and the design of patient rooms were analyzed. The study includes evaluation of the most important features of each room through clarifying aspects of the EBD. Concluding comments are fomulated aiming to create more efficient health care environment and to improve patient and staff well-being, patient healing, stress reduction and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Historical area in Jeddah has heritage buildings since the beginning of the Islamic era, and it is considered one of the most important cities which lies on the coast of the red sea. Recently it has been its accession to the world heritage list of UNECO in the June 21/2014 AD. The Historical area has been hit by several negative factors like: Neglect severe, encroachment, loss of identity, visual pollution, neglect of the site format, and no doubt that this factors make the Historical area and traditional environmental inability to sustainability, which requires from us to think about a holistic approach use it to develop the historical area, not looking at the problems partially. So ,The paper aims to develop an integrated strategy for the possibility of achieving sustainable development and quality of life in the historical area, Through the interest in addressing the environmental aspects, sustainability of the roads, sustainable building, the provision of appropriate green space and attention to the external surroundings of heritage buildings that reflect the value of heritage area , tourist importance not only for future generations but for non-citizens in all parts of the world which is that make it more sustainable. The research methodology: First: the inductive method: is the theoretical background to show the sustainability of the heritage cities and urban environmental aspects of treatment by a special state after the adoption of the historic area of Jeddah World Heritage area Second, the analytical method: through the documentation of the current status of World Heritage areas in Jeddah (Mazloum lane and part of the Sham lane) and an analysis of the features of architectural and urban character of the heritage area Third, the approach applied: consists in the possibility of applying an integrated strategy aimed at developing environmental heritage of Jeddah from the perspective of sustainability to achieve: (a heritage area of environment-friendly). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solid waste is considered a separate environmental problem, since it leads to the pollution of the environment, if it is not recycled and reused. Qena Governorate in Upper Egypt, is one the most governorates exposed to the population increase problem, counterbalanced by income level, consequently it demands Urban Development in its desert back, besides the climate of Qena governorate is continental, i.e. very hot in summers and very cold in winters, therefore it necessitates to insulate buildings with natural inexpensive insulating materials affordable for the population. Hence the importance of this research is to illustrate the importance of benefitting from the solid waste recycling in a healthy manner, and the preservation of environment in a sustainable manner, so as to achieve sustainable development of resources, in order to over come the phenomenon of pollution and global warming. Altogether through the production of local building materials friendly to the environment and heat-insulating, suit the hot regions in general, and the villages of Qena governorate desert back in particular. The research illustrated sugar cane straw and paper blocks (as an example of such an alternative type of the traditional construction materials), which do not require in their manufacturing processing advanced techniques and it can be manufactured manually in the site and does not require high-tech manufacturing, and it also can be manufactured in factory, such blocks distinguished by its good thermal and acoustic insulation as well as its light weight, and consequently the phenomenon of environmental pollution can be reduced or even eradicated, in addition to reducing the cost of housing, these materials can be benefitted from once again in the post-construction phase.( Post-age of the building). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, trying to searches the extent of the effect of political transitions on the architectural image of the office buildings during the twentieth century and research in books and specialized researches in the study of the correlation between politics and architecture, has been monitoring the effect of successive political transitions during the twentieth century - the british occupation (1882-1952 ) then the July 1952 revolution, then the war of October 1973 architectural image of the office buildings during each period separatel. Hence the back of the effect of the political transitions on the trchitectural image of the office buildings during the twentieth century, and therefore research recommends with the beginning of a new period of political transition in Egypt (after the revolution of 25 January 2011), the establishment of a competent authority office buildings - serve as the educational buildings authority - oversee licenses and the implementatio of the office buildings, and this authority legislation the laws and regulations for the implementation of the office buildings, in accordance with the observance of environmental conditions and the Egyptian identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at studying the phenomenon of the architectural and urban fields, through analyzing the most important aspects of design and planning phenomenon. The investigation analyzes four essential items: the inter-relation between rural and urban environments, aspects of the ruralization, the problems and solutions trends and finally results and recommendations of the study [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]