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The original Qatar National Museum that was established in 1975 as a pioneer museum in the gulf region was closed in 2005 for renovation. The new National Museum of Qatar (NMoQ) took more than a decade, around fourteen years from 2005-2019 to accomplish. It is one of Qatar’s mega projects, which was opened with a VIP opening celebration that was held in 27th of March 2019, and opened officially for the public on 28th. After more than a decade in creation, the NMoQ finally designed to reflect and narrate the story, history and ambition of the state and to become an icon for modern Doha. Ever since its establishment in 1975 the national museum has been a matter of making a place for the Qatari culture and history. Although the museum is refurbished into totally new vision and setting, it still belongs to the same history and serves the same nation. Both visions are pursuing to identify the continuance progressions of the country, which takes the state's history as its stem. However, we need to know which methodology the current establishment is using, and to what drama it could lead? What differences does the present introduce with respect to the past? This paper discusses and analyses the interpretation of the Qatari culture, heritage, and history, by examining the architecture of the new NMoQ. The purpose of the paper is to trace and compare the national museum’s presentation and interpretation of Qatari culture and history, between the past and present, through its architecture. In addition, the paper investigates the changing economic, social, and political codes of Qatar through the reordering of cultural materials.

This paper is devoted to the study of religious risks, which create a direct or indirect possibility of inflicting damage to both an individual and a multi-confessional state. Particular attention is paid to the crisis of religious identity and the growth of proselytism. The paper involves analysis of the consequences of globalization, religious conflicts and religious migration. Various technologies used by external forces to form new values amid complex socio-political processes were also considered. To study the stated topic, a synthetic approach was used to identify the most significant directions of socio-political changes through studying the shifts in the system of value and behavioral patterns of both believers and neophytes that can cause an increase in religious tension. In the course of the research, the author came to the conclusion that religious risks develop under the influence of certain conditions and factors often created and used purposefully to demonstrate the religious diversity of the internally contradictory integrity of a multi-confessional state, deepen social inequality and exacerbate socio-political tensions caused by a political-ideological confrontation and identity differences. The success of external forces in the situation destabilization is largely due to an incorrect assessment of threats. In order to prevent this, it is necessary to rethink the role of religion in the context of globalization and rapid socio-political transformation, as well as the religious factor in explanatory models of social development.

The importance of this paper is to try to determine the role of the World Trade Organization in attracting and encouraging investment in the developing country by analyzing some aspects related to this role. The paper dealt with the definition of the World Trade Organization and then addressed the developing countries under the WTO.The paper revealed that within the framework of this organization and the negotiations that preceded it, international trade relations have expanded. The global economic system has been intertwined as a result of the removal of customs and geographical barriers to the movement of goods and services between countries, increasing the flow of capital and adopting the majority of developing countries, Reliance on market forces, and a decline in the role of the state in economic activity, which led to the global economy towards globalization and integration.Which led to deep and radical changes under the influence of these systems in the structures of the economies of States, where the role of the state is reduced by the emergence of new mechanisms, independent functions that were once limited to States, and now by virtue of modern economic trends of: globalization, the World Trade Organization, Poses new challenges. These economic trends have imposed more responsibilities on countries and more burdens to change strategies and reshape trends.

The Change in The Activity of The American Intelligence Services in The Security Context of the Last 24 Years Abstract The security events dynamics poses an overwhelming challenge for the decision makers’political agenda, priorities. The wide range of risks and rhythm of significant security events determine a difficult enterprise for security theories. A scientific analysis of the security evolutions entails a profound historical introspection and an appropriate understanding of the security events with significant impact over the global evolutions. Probably in the next period of time, hundreds of papers will be written regarding the period since 9/11. The aim of this paper is to provide a perspective over the security context, and the intelligence services activity of the last 15 years, period of time dramatically divided by the unprecedented shock and suffering in the history of the from 9/11. The reorganization of the Western Intelligence Community was ordered as a result of the September 11th attacks and with future counterterrorism efforts in mind. Specifically, the 9/11 terrorists exploited the wall between the U.S.’s foreign and domestic intelligence collection efforts, and yet the IRTPA and EO 12333 avoid the issue of how to best integrate foreign and domestic intelligence while minimizing the threat to civil liberties. This manner in which the Western Countries separates its foreign and domestic intelligence collection is particularly exploitable by terrorists and non-state actorsthose currently posing one of the most serious threats to international security. To ensure both the best intelligence integration possible as well as the defense of civil liberties, clear and sensible rules should be formed which dictate how intelligence from these two spheres is collected and in what way and at what level it is integrated and disseminated.

This paper examines Islamic radicalism particularly in Indonesia in terms of its roots and strategies of action. While focusing on the Jama’ah Islamiyah (JI, lit. “Islamic Community”) as the larger subject of discussion, it takes Ar Rahmah Media Network with its print publication of Jihad Magazine (Jihadmagz) in particular as the case of study. The paper argues that the emergence of Islamic radicalism is mainly triggered by the combination of the ruling regime’s political repression, crucial socio-economic deprivation, globalisation, and Arabia support. Also, it further argues that there is a shift of strategies among activists of radical Muslims in delivering their messages as well as in conducting their radical actions.

The paper reviews the issue of the creation of a fundamentally new innovative model of negotiation process focused on settling the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. In the author’s opinion, political leadership factor that is typical for the Arab-Israeli world is instrumental in providing a conceptual framework for peace talks between Israel and Palestine in the context of globalization. The article focuses on the peculiarities of the Islamic model of political or, to be more precise, religious and political leadership and how it can be implemented to give a new impetus to the currently bogged down Israeli-Palestinian peace talks. The author argues that is impossible to achieve any tangible regional treaty because not all the arrangements concerning Palestine have a legitimate character from the point of view of both the Palestinians and the people of other Muslim countries in the world. Therefore, in the author’s opinion, without using such an innovative model of the negotiation process it will be principally impossible to achieve a final settlement of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

The goal of this review article is to show the role of globalization and integration in interdisciplinary research, culture and education during the rapid development of human civilization in the 21st century. The process of globalization is largely connected with human development and consists in the universalization of human culture and the creation of a global human community - the only one we know today. As there are different attitudes to globalization in the world, positive, negative and neutral attitudes are considered in the article. Most researchers often distinguish economic, political, sociological and environmental approaches to the problem of globalization. But in the context of our research, it is more important to consider the cultural and educational aspects of the problem. No specific definitions and relationships of globalization and culture are proposed in our review article, but the process of globalization is described in detail. It was not easy to find research works dedicated exclusively to globalization impact on culture and education as most researchers simply conclude that culture and globalization are incompatible. The paper tasks contribute to the field of pedagogy by summarizing some theoretical issues and offering comparative study and analysis of contents and discontents of globalization in different spheres of life, but especially in education and culture exchange. The attitudes to globalization is different, so our main task was to give an unbiased assessment of the phenomenon, to show that there are more to it than just pros and cons. The globalization process and integration as its constituent part can not be turned back in the socio-historical context as much as human development and evolution can not be stopped. If we can show the inevitability of globalization then the advantages of globalization will outweigh its disadvantages.

Many acts of terror happen recently. The spread of radicalism and terrorism is well-supported by the sophisticated media and technology. In addition, this advanced information technology is also slowly eroding the local cultures. This paper focuses on how to prevent radicalism by maintaining the local culture in Kudus regency. The method of this research is a qualitative method that uses literature study by examining some of the literatures both printed and online. The results of this study show that Kudus regency is still very strong with their local wisdom. This is shown by the Islamic local cultures which are still preserved today, those are: Dandangan, Kupatan dan Syawalan, Bulusan, Kudus Mosque Minaret, Buka Luwur and Cow as Sacred Animal. Globalization tries to erode those local cultures. Nevertheless, Sunan Kudus teaching brings local wisdom of Kudus society could prevent the radicalism in this globalization era.

Information Communication Technology (ICT) is one of the globally acknowledged learnings and teaching space today as well as one of the critical propellants of globalization. Development in ICT has vastly transformed every sphere of life and permeated all human actions and endeavors. The influx of ICT is responsible for the e-everything that is now in vogue e-learning, e-mail, e-library, e-registration, e-this, and e-that. This has brought great relief to pedagogy but cannot replace the role played by teachers. However, despite the immense merits of utilizing ICT in teaching, it has been observed that some Arabic language teachers do not make use of such development but stick to the old method of teaching, whereas the language teachers need to incorporate new ideas and technologies into the learning environment to make learning interesting for their students. Based on this premise this paper aims to inform Arabic Language teachers opportunities offered by ICT, used to learning of Arabic. The subjects of the study were students of Arabic Language Education at UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang Indonesia 2018 academic year and students and Department of Arabic, Faculty of Arts University of Ilorin, Nigeria. The findings of the research are that ICT if adequately harnessed and utilized will go a long way in enhancing the quality of teaching of Arabic, as it was established to teaching other languages of the world.

TradeLab is a global network of universities and training centers, founded in 2013, that conducts pro bono projects for developing countries and other stakeholders such as Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) and Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) (hereafter: “beneficiaries”). TradeLab’s overall goal is “to empower countries and smaller stakeholders to reap the full development benefits of institutions and rules that govern our global economy”.4 TradeLab’s contribution to capacity building centers on “legal clinics”: small teams of students work from their respective places of study with and for specific beneficiaries on semestrial basis. Student teams are closely supervised by experienced academics and mentored by expert practitioners in the field. Using internet tools, students, experts, and beneficiaries on a given project are virtually connected across the globe, from centers of expertise in Geneva or Washington, DC, to remote places in Africa or Latin America. Research memoranda and other non-confidential output are posted on the TradeLab website for all interested parties to access. TradeLab thereby seeks to achieve three objectives: (i) help beneficiaries build capacity; (ii) train students; and (iii) inform and create awareness within the wider public. Inspired by crowdsourcing and the sharing-economy, TradeLab functions as a global innovation and learning network. No one pays (all contributions are made pro bono), but all participants gain: direct beneficiaries enjoy free help and on-the-job training; students “learn by doing” and receive university credits; experts obtain teaching credits or other benefits of joining the network (reputation, access to a pool of highly qualified graduates) or simply enjoy “giving back to the community”. Though much work is still needed, and TradeLab is but one actor in a broader universe of capacity building suppliers, the TradeLab “model” has the potential to disrupt and democratize both legal education and the legal profession in the field of international economic law and policy, spreading awareness, learning and expertise beyond a handful of highly specialized universities and “big-ticket” law firms in Europe or the United States. TradeLab also offers an alternative to technical cooperation and traditional capacity building. The latter is the focus of this paper. Section 2 describes how TradeLab is governed and financed. Section 3 explains the importance of capacity in today’s global economy. Section 4 elaborates on what types of capacity are needed and where the main bottlenecks are. Sections 5 and 6 summarize the TradeLab “model” and the challenges of “scoping” and “scaling” TradeLab’s work. Section 7 sets out benchmarks against which TradeLab’s current and future success can be measured. Section 8 concludes by setting key objectives for the future.

This research attempted to access a future vision of generalist practice of social work for developing mechanisms to develop women’s awareness of voluntary work. This research came in four sections. The first section included the problem of research, aims, and methodology. The second dealt with the concept of generalist practice of social work, as well as dealing with the theoretical framework of generalist practice and its professional operations. The third section dealt with many concepts such as: voluntary work, awareness, as well as the concept of women’s awareness of voluntary work. It also displays the current conditions and their effects on voluntary work such as: globalization, Arab Spring as a chance to change, and the limited participation of women in voluntary work. Finally the paper concluded by presenting of women’s participation in some fields of voluntary work. The research followed the descriptive methodology, which relies on Documentary Approach, and depended on the content analysis method of some of the previous scientific studies. Finally, the fourth section presented a future vision of generalist practice of social work for developing mechanisms to develop women’s awareness of voluntary work.

Educational institutions are the principle pillars for establishment of sustainable human development which leads to community progress. Therefore, it is essentially important to develop their infrastructure, programs, and financial resources and assure the quality of their outcome to effectively respond and fulfill community needs.With current unprecedented scientific advancement in all aspects of life, it is becoming a formidable task to stay internationally competent. Continuous development and improving educational programs are therefore a must. The future requirements of education are choosing quality over quantity and adopting modern, reliable teaching methods in order to acquire knowledge, develop skills and attitudes that comply with good professional practice to meet the challenge of globalization.Education in Libya is free for everyone from elementary school up to university level but the general decline in the quality of Libyan higher educational system within the last four decades is well recognized. The efficiency of its product has been proven to be inconsistent with the national economical and developmental needs.Internal challenges of the higher educational system in Libya that affecting its own performance are presented in this paper, even though this does not under estimate the effect of other external threats, but they just remain beyond the scope of this paper.These challenges include; lack of a national strategic plan, poor primary and secondary school output, excessive students' admission, structural problems, poor infrastructure, administrative and legal problems, poor academic staff performance, outdated curricula and teaching methods, poor financial resources, poor research and postgraduate programs.Inevitably, the first step in treatment of such situation is to adopt a national strategy for higher education to know where we stand and to decide where to go and how to reach there. This of course in addition to linking educational programs to local, national and international market needs and promoting investment in education.

Globalization in the world has given the huge impact on the people, as the new condition of the world has brought the world to the globalism- a consciousness and understanding that the world is one. Globalization has also unified the people in a global village that covers all aspects of life such as economic, political, cultural, religious aspects. This paper will explore the concept of wa¡a¯iyyah which stresses on the moderation and accommodative way and its implementation in Southeast Asia. The main idea of the wa¡a¯iyyah or moderation in religious life is that it offers the importance of realizing the concept of Islamic blessing for all the Universe (Islam; Ra¥matan lil ±lam³n). Therefore, the main offer of the Muslim wa¡a¯iyyah movement is to focus on developing civilization, freedom, justice, prosperity and better future for all the people. It is the main capital of the Wa¡a¯iyyah in Southeast Asia to give the significant contribution to the globalization of the world.

Sociological discussion of globalisation is preoccupied with the political, economic, and military dimension of it, with little attention to its religious aspect. This paper attempts to trace the impacts of globalisation on religion and religious responses, the argument of which derives mainly from the so-called “Bridge-Building Program” organised by CRCS & ICRS-UGM in 2008. It argues that though they share a common concern, people of different faiths are at risk of deepening the problems rather than offering solutions in view of their different responses for which we categorise them into different but overlapping categories -ideological, ambivalent, integrative, exclusive, and imitative. It then leads to a more fundamental question of whether interfaith cooperation is possible given those different and sometime opposing responses. [Dalam kajian sosiologi, diskusi mengenai globalisasi kerap kali semata-mata ditinjau dari sisi politik, enonomi dan militer, sementara dimensi agama sering kali dikesampingkan. Artikel ini membahas dampak globalisasi terhadap agama dan respon komunitas agama terhadap globalisasi. Data yang muncul dalam artikel ini diambil dari sebuah workshop berjudul“Bridge- Building Program.” Melalui artikel ini, saya berpendapat bahwa, meskikomunitas agama-agama memiliki keprihatinan yang sama terhadap dampak globalisasi, namun respon mereka cenderung mempertajam persoalan yang diakibatkan globalisasi, ketimbang memberikan solusi. Respon tersebut dalam dikategorikan –meski tidak kaku- dalam: respon ideologis, ambivalen, integratif, ekslusif dan imitatif. Selanjutnya, artikel juga mengulas pada pertanyaan mendasar mengenai apakah kerjasama antar agama mungkin dilakukan menyimak ragam respon yang saling bertentangan tersebut.]

The Malaysian general election in March 2008 raised an interesting and new phenomenon. For the first time since independence in 1957, the ruling alliance known as the National Front (Barisan Nasional, BN) failed to secure two thirds of seats in parliament and lost control of five of Malaysia’s 13 states. This was due to the challenge presented by the new opposition alliance known as the Alternative Front (Barisan Alternatif, BA) or the People’s Alliance (Pakatan Rakyat, PK) which won more than 36% of seats in parliament and gained control of the five states. In the 2004 election, BN secured the largest ever percentage of seats in parliament with 91%. What is interesting is that it seems that this significant increase in support for the opposition is due to their offer to change the way minorities and ethnicity is managed. They propose a move from “Bumiputera Supremacy”, or affirmative action for the approximately 65% of “Bumiputera” Malaysians (the rest being largely of Chinese or Indian ethnicity), to “The People’s Supremacy”, which involves eradicating affirmative action based on ethnicity, basing it instead on need, for instance need due to poverty. This would potentially increase the likelihood of justice and equality for all ethnic or racial groups. This paper connects the phenomenon of change, as seen in the about turn in the results between the 2004 and 2008 elections, to the more global trend in which minorities are standing up to demand their rights in this era of globalization, and to the challenge multiculturalism presents to parts of the Muslim world such as Malaysia. Malaysia, a Muslim majority nation that has formally declared Islam the official state religion with Yang di-Pertuan Agong (the King) as Head of the State and symbol of Islam, is one example, though not necessarily representative, of how Islam and Muslims manage minorities and identity or multiculturalism within the process of globalization. Keywords: Malaysia, minority studies, bumi putera