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Copyright of Agricultural Biotechnology Journal is the property of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman & the Iranian Biotechnology Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agricultural Biotechnology Journal is the property of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman & the Iranian Biotechnology Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agricultural Biotechnology Journal is the property of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman & the Iranian Biotechnology Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agricultural Biotechnology Journal is the property of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman & the Iranian Biotechnology Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agricultural Biotechnology Journal is the property of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman & the Iranian Biotechnology Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agricultural Biotechnology Journal is the property of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman & the Iranian Biotechnology Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agricultural Biotechnology Journal is the property of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman & the Iranian Biotechnology Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Charity (ṣadaqa) is commonly given for religious reasons: Muslims donate voluntarily to earn Allah’s pleasure and receive His blessings. However, there have been changes in the way Muslims perceive charity and what significance it has in their life. Many studies have addressed this issue but failed to explore the connection between ṣadaqaand mental state. This paper was aimed to complement the existing studies by analyzing the process of the shifting interpretation of charity and its positive effects on the donors. This study used qualitative analysis of primary and secondary data. The data was processed through descriptive methods and content analysis. In particular, it focused on analyzing the religious background of the donors, including the biological processes underlying their tendency to give generously. The study concluded that the practice of giving ṣadaqa increases social, emotional, and spiritual wellbeing, depending on the level of spirituality of the donors and their intention.

Objective Since nutrition affects all the interactions of the body, especially the genome as well as the expression of genes, and all organisms are always feeding, and without feeding life is not possible. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the role of nutrition in gene expression, DNA replication, prevention of DNA damage and DNA repair. Materials and methods In this study, the keywords such as cancer, ribonuclease, ribonuclease inhibitor and RNA were used to search in databases including Scopus, SID, IranDoc, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and IranMedex. In order to select the documents used, all articles published in non-English and Persian languages, duplicate articles, articles that could not be accessed to the full text, as well as articles that were presented as abstracts were removed. Finally, the selected cases were thoroughly studied and summarized in order to prepare the current review. Results Regulation of gene expression is essential to life and health and is sensitive to endogenous and dietary and other environmental factors that exert their action at multiple levels and by multiple mechanisms. There are important and intimate links between diet/nutrition, metabolic status, signaling pathways, and gene regulation. Postgenomic technologies including microarray hybridization and massive next-generation sequencing (RNA-Seq) enable nowadays highthroughput analysis, at genome-wide level, of the transcriptome and its dynamics (presence and quantity of RNAs, RNA expression patterns). Further, changes induced by dietary or other factors in TF binding site occupancy, chromatin features, global patterns of transcript decay, and translational profiling can also be studied nowadays at a genome-wide level. There is overwhelming evidence that a large number of micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) are required as cofactors for enzymes or as part of the structure of proteins (metalloenzymes) involved in DNA repair, prevention of oxidative damage to DNA, as well as maintenance and methylation of DNA. The role of micronutrients in the maintenance of genome stability has been extensively reviewed. Some of micronutrients involved in various genome stability processes. There are various mechanisms by which micronutrient deficiency could cause DNA damage, accelerate senescence and chromosomal instability. Conclusion Integration of results from these varied technologies will ultimately allow a comprehensive, system-wide understanding of gene expression control and of diet-gene-health relationships in modern nutrition science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Rice is one of the most important crops in the world, which occupies a large area of arable land. Blast disease is one of the most important and destructive rice diseases, which reduces production of this product. Due to environmental pollution caused by overuse of fungicides to control this disease and on the other hand, the pathogen resistance to these chemicals, development of better and healthier strategies to control this pathogen is necessary. Biological control of plant diseases using antagonists can be a promising alternative method. Materials and methods In this study, indirect effect of Trichoderma harzianum fungus on pathogenic fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, under greenhouse conditions was investigated by induction of systemic resistance in susceptible Tarom cultivar. For this purpose, expression of several important defense genes was investigated using real-time qPCR technique in plants symbiont with Trichoderma compared to control plants (without Trichoderma) at different times after infection with pathogenic fungi. Results The results showed increasing expression level of NPR1, PR2 and PR3 genes after pathogen inoculation in plants symbiont with Trichoderma compared to the control plants that there was statistically significant difference about PR2 and PR3 genes. Nevertheless in a number of times, there was no significant difference in expression level of the evaluated genes between two treatments. Examination of various morphological traits such as root, stem and leaf dry weight, root length, stem diameter and plant height showed an increase in plants symbiont with Trichoderma compared to control plants (without Trichoderma), although this difference was not significant about these traits except for plant height. Chlorophyll a and b levels were also measured as physiological traits in both treatments. Although amount of chlorophyll a was higher in plants symbiont with Trichoderma than control plants, but no significant difference was observed. Phenotypic study of interaction of rice plant and pathogen in presence of Trichoderma showed a significant difference about disease severity in plants symbiont with Trichoderma compared to control plants. Conclusions These results could somewhat indicate the systemic protection of the rice plant against M. oryzae due to symbiosis of the plant root with Trichoderma harzianum and induction of resistance and increase in pathogenesis-related genes, but this is not enough. Therefore, it is necessary to repeat greenhouse experiment to ensure that there is a significant difference in expression of the studied genes between symbiotic and control plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Yaghooti seedless grape is one of the early-ripens variety of grapes in Iran where its fruit marketed by mid-May. This grape has high resistance to extreme heat of the region, which made Yaghooti grape one of the unique and exclusive products of the province and country. Heavy heat-shock proteins like HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90 seems to have key role in survival and rescue the plants against the heat-stress. By considering this unique feature of the plant and key role of the HSP- 70 protein in said process studied and analyzed in all three stages of cluster growth and development under influence of hormonal treatment of abscisic acid, gibberellic acid and Indoleacetic acid. Materials and methods Plant materials used for total RNA extraction were sampled in three stages: cluster formation, berry formation and final size of cluster growth process. Specific primers of HSP-70 gene (1104687527) and Actin-7 gene (100232866) as housekeeping gene were designed by CLC main workbench and used for Real Time-PCR reaction. Finally, the relative expression was calculated based on the obtained Cts using Pfaffl formula. The results were analyzed using a completely randomized factorial design and Duncan test with a significance level of 0.01 using SAS 9.0 software. The co-expression network was rebuilt using Cytoscape software. Results The relatively highest expression obtained for the HSP-70 at the 2nd stage of development simultaneously with the flowering and under influence of abscisic hormonal treatment. Elevation in the level of abscisic acid resulted in upregulation of ABI2 gene that subsequently supresses the internal synthesis of abscisic acid hormone and upregulation of HSP-70. Conclusions Abscisic acid in compare with Indole-acetic acid and gibberellin hormone has key role in upregulation and heat-resistance induction in Yaghooti grape. Hormone-treated clusters in comparison to the control clusters had lesser congestion and density. Gibberellin treatment cause the increase in length of cluster in addition to decrease in grapes number per cluster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Breast cancer is one of the most important malignant tumors world -wide and the second common cancer in the females. Breast cancer is associated with a number of environmental factors and genetic damages. Ki67 is a proto-oncogene which is activated in cell proliferation process. Ki67 is important in prognosis and response to chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the Ki67 gene expression in patients with breast cancer by immunohistochemistry method. Materials and Methods: This descriptive laboratory study was conducted on 80 breast cancer specimens from patients admitted to the hospitals in Sabzevar, Iran during 2005-09. Samples were fixed in formalin, the tissue processing was done and sections were stained by Hematoxilin and Eosin method. The malignancy was diagnosed by two pathologists blindly. Over expression of ki67 was determined with the immunohistochemistry method. Slides were scored into negative, weak, average and strong based on percentage of cells which were stained. The Data were analyzed by SPSS-11.5, Chi-Square and Fisher's exact tests. Results: Ki67 proliferative marker was observed in 37 (46.3%) specimens with breast cancer. Sensivity of staining was one positive (+) in 15 cases, two positive (++) in 14 cases and three positive (+++) in 8 cases. There was a significant relationship between Ki67 gene expression and tumor type and tumor staging (P<0.05), but there was no significant relationship between Ki67 gene expression and tumor grade. Conclusion: It is concluded that, ki67 is expressed mostly in invasive and developed breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]