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The main aim of this research paper is to document the animal shapes on Umayyad copper coins in the semi-Arabizing period, which happened before the complete post-reform of coins. Despite forbidding the engraving of animals or human icons on Islamic artifacts, we can document many of these icons’ engravings on Islamic coins and architecture. This study was based on descriptive, documentary, statistical and historical analysis of the appearance of animal shapes on Umayyad copper coins mentioned in the references or websites. The researcher can estimate 11 shapes of animals on Umayyad copper coins as of this paper. The animals are: lion, snake, duck, jerboas, horse, dove, fish, frog, bird, scorpion, and elephant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Two Dimensional Electrophoresis (2DE) is the most commonly and useful separation technique in proteomics. Each proteome snapshot becomes a protein profile. By means of this technique, several proteins are studied simultaneously. Methods: In this study, by use of (2DE) method, the differences of two profiles of Buthidae endemic scorpions, A.Crassicauda known as "black scorpion" and "O. doriae" yellow scorpion", were investigated. Results: For A.Crassicauda scorpion there were about 20 spots (peptides) in 6.2 - 8.2 pH ranges and molecular weight was less than 3 to 14 kDa and O. doriae scorpion 30 peptides, in 6.3 - 8.5 pH ranges, 1 to 45 kDa that fractionated and identified. Conclusion: By this method, the field of bioinformative data bank from Iranian endemic scorpions' venom could be prepared. By making change of any effective factors on scorpion venom, considerable results due to influence of the factor on determining kind of venom can be achieved and studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]