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This study aims at discussing the attitudes of academic staff in Jordanian universities to citizen journalism and its role as a source of information. The study uses the survey methodology. Jordan University and Petra University were chosen as samples representing the universities. A total number of 300 questionnaires were distributed, 209 questionnaires were filled constituting the actual sample involved in the study. The study shows that about two thirds, 66.5% of the respondents, believe that the term journalism covers what is called citizen journalism. The findings reveal that the highest percentage, 44.3% of the respondents, believe that the term journalism does not cover citizen journalism, which can be attributed to the reason that they do not adhere to specific professional standards, while 41.4% of the respondents think it is not professional journalism. It is as low as 2.9% of the respondents believe that this type of journalism lacks credibility and is biased.

Copyright of Al-Bahith Al-Aalami is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Mustansiriya Journal of Arts is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to address the phenomenon of citizen journalism that has created a place for itself in the world of communication at the present time, and through the method of the questionnaire, the study examined the trends of a sample of media professors and Sudanese academics in the United Arab Emirates about the role of citizen journalist in Sudan in the Sudanese movement in December 2019, and reached a group of The results include: 1- One of the main reasons that pushed the citizen journalist to increase the mass media of what is happening in Sudan is the media blackout by the official media and the absence of the role of a professional journalist. 2- Pictures of demonstrations in the streets and the violent interaction of the security forces with the demonstrators were among the most important topics that the citizen journalist documented and transmitted to the media. 3- The impact of the citizen journalist's role on the developments of events in Sudan by informing world public opinion and international organizations by transmitting what is taking place there through photography and reporting news stories. 4- The researcher believes that the role of the citizen journalist will not end with the end of the movement. Rather, he can find other windows through which he can exercise his role, which he believes has not yet ended as long as he has the tools that help him perform that role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of The Iraqi University is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Larq Journal for Philosophy, Linguistics & Social Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Arts & Social Sciences (JASS) is the property of Sultan Qaboos University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Al-Frahids Arts is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The most important change, that happened in the last decade, at the level of press, was the emergence of « citizen journalism”, as a new form of non-professional journalistic practice. The special rapporteur, in charge of the protection of the freedom of speech, considered this form part of the press, despite the doctrinal and legislative debate over its journalistic identity. The conflicting debate was over the term itself, citizen journalism, and its role in a democratic society, which was the reason behind the emergence of this form as a reform movement of the confidence crisis witnessed by the professional press. The interference of the legislator through showing the flaws and providing alternatives becomes primordial and necessary to protect this form of press.

In this study, we sought to provide an accurate and detailed diagnosis of the transformations witnessed by Palestinian media institutions in light of the new environment of communication, and to know how Palestinian media institutions can establish a new communication model within their organizational structures in line with the new environment of communication in the digital age. It also discussed the mechanisms used by professional journalists in traditional Palestinian media institutions to deal with the contents produced by citizen journalists. In this context, we posed the following problem: What are the contexts of transformation and integration of traditional Palestinian media in the context of communication digitization, and how did citizenship journalism practices employed in newsrooms? In order to answer this problem, we followed the qualitative content analysis approach. The tool of the qualitative approach was the (codified) scientific interviews with editors-in-chief in the local Palestinian media. It sought to activate the participation of citizen journalists in furnishing news spaces, and created platforms for it to communicate with its audience" Crowd Sourcing", and to form supporters for its "crowd journalism" to take advantage of the feature of communicative interaction through social media, and this indicates that smart TV newsrooms are looking forward because Convergence News room [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue Académique des Études Sociales et Humaines is the property of Hassif Benbouali University of Chlef and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed at identifying the role of layman journalism as a source of information from the Jordanian journalists perspective, and to find out the main reasons for the emergence of the layman journalism, and the professional, ethical standerds. The study used the survey method with a sample of (200) Jordanian journalists who are working in daily Jordanian newspapers (ALRai, Addoustur, Al-Ghad, Al-Anbat, Adyar, Al-Sabeel) and Jordanian News Agency (Petra), who also members in the Jordan Press Association (JPA). A questionnaire was used as a tool of study. The study came up with some results such as: The "political transformations in the Arab region," came on the top of reasons for the emergence of the layman journalism from the Jordanian journalists perspective (20.7%), followed by "efforts in solving the problems of the society", (19.4%). The study shows that vast majority (86%) agreed that the layman journalism have an impact on the nature of professional journalism, and (60%) of the study sample suggested that the media should adopt a layman journalism (sometimes), while those who believe that it should be adopted (always) are (18%). (80%) of the surveyed respondents believe that the media must review and edit the material sent by the layman journalist before publishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences (2522-3380) is the property of Arab Journal of Sciences & Research Publishing (AJSRP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to identify the procedural and methodological aspects in the journalism researches in the last two decades and diagnose their positive and negative aspects, limit, and document the studies and researches conducted in palestine during the study. I have concluded that the researches conducted in the last two decades were (148), the most of which were conducted for the purpose of academic promotion in the fields of e-journalism and its applications in social media in the first rate, The researches dealt with the media process as a unified and complete process. The results have indicated that the researches did not use the communication theories with a percentage of %24.3. They also did not use entries and patterns like citizen journalism and the like of modern entries. Some researchers used the theories only to decorate the study without their applications and hypotheses. Finally, the results have also shown that journalism researches witnessed an integration in using different methods instead of one. The researches adopted at least two approaches with a percentage of %85.3 represented by media survey. More than one research tools was used. The samples used were either regulated haphazard or simple haphazard with the percentages %35.2 and %25 respectively. The samples posed some questions and tried to answer them. In the end, the analytical, quantitative, and qualitative researches (survey) have surpassed the other types and entries; the field and laboratory researches have disappeared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Bahith Al-Aalami is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Universitaire des Sciences Humaines et Sociales is the property of University of Kasdi Merbah Ouargla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arabian Journal for Media & Communication is the property of Saudi Association for Media & Communication (SAMC) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to discuss theoretical and epistemological issues related to new media as a new field of research with an indetermined statut and as a recent presence in information and communication sciences. Although it has done a great change in comparaison with classical media by showing the need for a conceptual reflection about the concept of "new media" and the legitimacy of the use of this term to refer to this field in this crucial context especially in the Arabic literature, as scientific activities are mainly theoretical. In this study we attempt to understand the following issues: What is supposed novelty in the new media? What are the aspects of the new media sphere? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue Universitaire des Sciences Humaines et Sociales is the property of University of Kasdi Merbah Ouargla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Bahith Al-Aalami is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Journal of The Iraqi University is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Journal of Al-Frahids Arts is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annals of Arts & Social Sciences / Hawliyyat Kulliyyat al-adab is the property of Kuwait University, Academic Publication Council and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arabian Journal for Media & Communication is the property of Saudi Association for Media & Communication (SAMC) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)