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This research tackles the issue of the grammatical discrepancy in terms of declarative grammatical styles as being manifested in the book entitled: “Awdhah Al-Masalik” for the Alfiyyah of Ibn Malik by Ibn Hisham Al-Ansari, in order to reveal the truth of this discrepancy according to a scientific approach based on collecting its themes depicted in the book. Then, the study analyzes it according to the foundational principles approved by the grammarians; in other words, it discusses the opponent views of grammarians in issues that fall under the grammatical style as being clarified and referred to by Ibn Hisham in “Awdhah Al-Masalik”. The study shows that Ibn Hisham was not only restricted to identifying the points of disagreement in the grammatical styles, but also discussing that from different perspectives and illustrating his viewpoints therein, and so did the book reviewer, Sheikh Muhammad Muhyi al-Din Abd al-Hamid in terms of some of the study aspects. Also, it manifests the dispute forms, which ranges between grammatical schools in general and the grammarians themselves. It shows that Ibn Hisham did not tend to a specific school of thought, as he sometimes agrees with the Basrans in what they went to, and sometimes he disagrees with them to the opinion of the Kufans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aimed at studying personal, military, political and administrative figures in the Zangid state and the extent of its contribution to its establishment, and its military, political and administrative achievements, and it tried to clarify some aspects of the Zankid state through the knowledge of this prominent leader, and the correctness of what is said about his cruelty, and neglect the sources of some of his roles or attributed to him Jealous. The study tried to critique the historical narratives contained in different sources about this character, and to achieve this end adopted the historical analytical approach, and the critical approach in the treatment of novels (Riwayat) to link parts to each other to reach the truth. The study concluded that Salaheddine Elia Ghassiani played a role in the overall historical events of the Zankid state until his death, and that some sources prejudiced him and exaggerated in giving a negative perception of him, and some were for political reasons related his works to other leaders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The splitting, renaming and merging of factions can lead to the start of new rivalries, or in some cases, end existing ones. A new faction may inherit the original faction's previous rivalries with other groups, and if a faction name change results in a total restructure, it may signal the end of the rivalry. However, this was not the case when Jabhat al-Nusra renamed itself Jabhat Fatah al-Sham, and later Tahrir al-Sham. It was considered a 'cosmetic' and superficial change because it did not develop a new structure. This article will shed light on exclusionary politics and the political ramifications of sectarianism caused by certain jihadist movements, such as Jabhat al-Nusra (presently known as Tahrir al-Sham), enabling us to analyse its practices, especially towards minorities, and sectarian ideologies present in Idlib, and which ultimately led to the expulsion of many who fled outside the governorate. The article also calls attention to the roles of regional and international powers in Idlib against the backdrop of opposition factions, and their physical and ideological influence on Islamist forces that frequently facilitated displacement within and outside the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed at identifying the effectiveness of Orton-Gillingham Method compared to the conventional method in teaching reading to Saudi’s children who suffer from dyslexia in terms of number of words correctly read, speed of reading, reading comprehension, word spelling, phonemic awareness and reverse number remembrance. The researcher adopted the quasi-experimental method. The study’s sample included 40 dyslexic children in the primary schools for boys in Saudi Arabia who were divided into a control group (20 children) and an experimental group (20 children). Diagnostic pretest was conducted for both groups using The Dyslexia Tests, standardized by Almahrej (2015). The researcher then subjected the experimental group to the training program (preparation of the researcher) according to the Orton-Gellingham method, then post-test results were obtained for the two groups to verify the effectiveness of the program. Statistically significant differences were detected for the effect of Orton-Gillingham Method on the number of words correctly read, reading comprehension, word spelling, and phonemic compared to the conventional method used with dyslexic children. No statistically significant differences were found for the effect on the speed and reverse number remembrance of reading compared to the conventional method used by dyslexic children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims at investigating conditional sentence with regard to three topics: suspicious and confirmed situations, the compatibility between the conditional verb and its correspondence, the shifting sentence. This is done by focusing on the semantic aspect of the conditional sentence. The study showed that the topic of suspicious and confirmed situations not in the manner that it was treated by the grammarians before as it is subject to some other considerations such as the context. The study had made use in this regard with the transformative method used by Khaled ‘Amayrah. The study also treated the idea of unity between the conditional sentence and its correspondence and found out that it is not an arbitrary issue since it is influenced by a semantic factor and not merely structural resemblance. As for the shifting sentence, the study explained its concept; that it is shifted due to semantic purpose: the existing sentence is explanatory sentence and it replaces the corresponding sentence. The study tried to shed light on these ideas through the verses of the Holy Quran, the prophetic traditions, Arabic poems and some examples from prose. The study concluded that: the particle ‘iza’ signifies confidence, ‘in' signifies suspicion. The study saw that suspicion is derived from the sentence that came after it and not from the same sentence it was mentioned, and that the corresponding sentence is the origin and that if it declarative, it is receptive of confirmative particles such as the ‘lam', ‘inna’ and others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the meanings of Sufism in the light of many scholars' view and deals with kinds of influence of Ghazali from Sufism. According to Ghazali's view, believing God, Prophets, hereafter, keeping away from being fanciful, leaving of properties and fame and only going towards God is an acceptable Sufism. Ghazali mentioned that the shield of Sufism is inspiration, ascetism and loving to God. In addition the purpose of true loving to God only loves to God for Ghazali. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to research the personality of the Syrian historian YahyaIbnZurayq and his lost book of history, showing his personal, familial and cultural circumstances, to find out about his book by collecting the surviving excerpts found in later sources, and to study it to see its chronological and geographical scope, the issues he discussed, his resources and method, and the value of the book for studies of Bilad al-Shamin general and of the Frankish Crusaders in particular, and the additional information it provides for the history of the Frankish Crusaders in Bilad al-Sham. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]