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The research aimed to measure the impact of technological industries on Taiwan's exports during the period (1990- 2020). This goal was implemented through two axes, the first included analyzing the role of industrial policies in transferring technology to increase the added value in Taiwan's exports, while the second axis focused on the standard estimation of the impact of industries technology on Taiwan's exports, and the importance of high-tech industries in improving Taiwan's exports and strengthening its position in global supply chains, and how to use industrial policies to transfer technology and enhance value added in exports. The results of the study showed that the Taiwanese government tended more actively to attract research and development activities from foreign companies, especially in the high-tech sectors. The incentives included tax write-offs for research and development activities conducted in Taiwan and tax cuts on technology imports. Taiwan's position in the global trading system continued to develop even though its share of total world trade declined during the past two decades of this century. Taiwan has become one of the most important players in the world in the semiconductor industry, and this sector has become one of the most important sectors for the Taiwan economy, as the "high-tech" sector contributed about 30% of Taiwan's exports and about 14% of GDP in 2019. The results of the standard estimation of the relationship between technological manufacturing and Taiwan's exports showed a strong correlation between the progress in technological manufacturing and the increase in Taiwan's exports. It was also found that there was a statistically significant effect of technological manufacturing on the development of the volume of exports in Taiwan. Whenever technological industries increased by one dollar, exports increased by 56.877 thousand dollars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the commercial franchise contract and its significance in promoting trademarks worldwide, specifically in Jordanian, Egyptian, and Saudi legislation. The study highlights the contract's role in brand development and globalization. It concludes with recommendations, including the need for specialized legislation to regulate commercial franchise contracts due to their widespread use and impact on both parties involved. The study proposes legislative intervention to address issues that were not previously covered. The Jordanian Unfair Competition and Trade Secrets Law of 2000 is identified as suitable for Arab societies, with a focus on technology transfer and control. The study also suggests promoting research through seminars, workshops, and training programs to address issues related to technology transfer contracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of the study is to seek to implement a proposal for an organizational and economic role in business development by researchers in order to improve the organizational and economic role in developing and entrepreneurship in Libya, as well as improving the efficiency of commercial structures in it, reviving its economy and contributing to its growth in all fields. To achieve this goal, the inductive approach was followed in addition to The descriptive-analytical approach is more widely used in the study of social and human phenomena and due to its relevance to the nature of the study. The study concluded that Libya only needs urgent and urgent measures to support the economy, which suffers from deep and complex problems, including at the political level the success of the presidential and legislative elections and the rise of a unified authority capable of imposing law and security throughout the country from west to east and conducting national reconciliation aimed at To lay the foundations for social peace and rules of coexistence and to reject negative foreign interference in Libya’s internal affairs, in addition to this, to develop urgent economic and social plans and programs within a timetable in the short, medium and long terms, and to carry out structural reforms at the core of vital state institutions and to encourage the private sector to enact the necessary laws and legislations, in addition to providing A security environment to encourage companies and foreign investors to return to resume their activities. The study concluded with several recommendations, the most important of which are working to implement a developed economic regulatory role to help increase the efficiency of the performance of Libyan commercial structures and business deterrents to create a suitable climate for business in the country for project owners as well as transfer knowledge and technology and localize it in the Libyan economy and provide guarantees for investors to invest in the country and work on economic support In addition to the need to organize specialized workshops and conferences concerned with implementing the developed mechanisms [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foreign direct investment has become an important means of transferring production technology, innovative skills and capabilities, and organizational and administrative methods, which allows for the improvement of industry, progress in industrialization methods, increased production, and the acquisition of administrative experience as well as the training of local labor, as the companies and institutions established by foreign investments become a center To train national manpower, especially in technical jobs and senior management jobs. The research shows the extent of the large impact of the communications and information technology sector on Turkey, which amounted to billions of pounds, and it is clear that it is in continuous growth, which indicates the extent to which this sector attracts investments, whether foreign or local, the volume of investments in the communications and information technology sector for 2016 amounted to 23.6 billion pounds, compared to 18.9 billion pounds for 2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aims to develop a theoretical framework that presents a vision for the successful application of the triple helix model in developing countries, by transforming developing countries to the second mode of production of applied knowledge to build a triple cooperation between the university, industry, and the government. The most important findings of the study: is that the inability of developing countries to enter the knowledge economy is attributed to the excessive focus of developing countries on the first mode of theoretical knowledge production (research and theoretical teaching in the context of specialization). As well as interest in the institutional approach. To face the trap of weak or nonexistent technology companies, as well as the absence of national champion companies or large innovative industrial clusters that the basis of global competition (weak commercial economy) and Existence of theoretical and non-applied universities (weak research economy), the result is that both commercial and research economies are not suitable for knowledge innovation. On the other hand, they neglected a shift towards the second mode of Applied Theoretical Knowledge production (research, teaching and innovation in a multidisciplinary applied context) and an evolutionary approach, in order to build both applied professional universities, Entrepreneurial applied universities (strong research economy). Moreover, to build technology startups and large innovative industrial clusters or national champion companies (strong commercial economy) to shift towards knowledge innovation and enter the knowledge economy. The study recommends following. The Chinese government's leadership pattern of the lagged situation in the application of the triple helix model, in order to be able to shift towards the knowledge economy. As well as establishing a center for studies of applying the triple helix model in Egypt to develop technology startups, applied professional universities, Entrepreneurial applied universities in order to enter and build the knowledge economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incubation with an acceleration approach results in promoting the interests of academic entrepreneurs, employment, transfer of knowledge and technology, creating sustainable organization, new businesses, social benefits, improving business survival rates, accelerating business creation, fostering innovation, entrepreneurship and economic development of the country. However, few studies have examined the causes that influence such consequences. This survey and applied research aims to study and identify factors affecting the outcomes of incubation with acceleration approach and the role of networking, financial support as well as technical facilities in this regard were assessed. The required data collected through a questionnaire from a sample of 45 managers and staff of 15 academic incubators in Tehran province and the data analysis was performed through correlation and regression methods. Research findings indicate that three variables of networking, finance and technical facilities have positive effects on incubation outcomes in academic incubators. In addition, the adjusted coefficient of determination indicates that these three variables account for 0.53 variations in incubation outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims'. This study is aimed at developing a university-based incubators taking into account accelerators. The university-based incubators are one of the key elements of sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystems, which act as the entrepreneurship ombudsman. Improving the model's incubators would foster innovation and commercialization of research. Methods■. This study, using a qualitative approach based on Grounded theory, was conducted through the theoretical sampling and data gathering from among 18 academic entrepreneurs who could benefited from acceleration centers services, incubators managers and experts, accredited managers and experts in accelerators as well as experts in the field of research concepts. Also, the data were analyzed using interview tools during three common coding steps in the Glaser approach. Conclusion'. The findings show that the acceleration characteristics in the incubator model are determined by the indicators identified in this study as center features. Accelerator-based incubators need to use strategies such as modeling successfill international examples, validating ideas and business, accessing to the Internet to achieve their goals. Finally, the results indicate the impact of environmental contexts and such as stakeholders. Applying the resulting model can lead to various outcomes such as promoting the interests of academic entrepreneurs, creating jobs, transferring knowledge and technology, creating sustainable business, creating new businesses and social benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to identify how the development of information and communication technology reflects on both public relations and international public relations studies, by monitoring, analyzing and comparing the most important research trends, theoretical approaches and methodological frameworks for a sample of digital public relations research, and public diplomacy in the new media era. This paper is an analytical description, following the qualitative and quantitative methodology as needed, in which researchers used the second-level analysis (Meta analysis) to reach a series of results, most notably that the sample of Arab studies in the field of digital public relations seemed somewhat fragmented; the majority of were descriptive studies, the depths of the phenomenon have not been explored in depth, or in terms of the dispersion of the theories and approaches despite the similarities in the variables studied by that research, or even the weakness of some of them in the use of theories applied in the analysis of phenomena, as well as the disappearance of the theory from another. While the sample of studies in the field of public diplomacy has been characterized by entrenched, coherent, and knowledge accumulation, development in information and communication technology has confused practice itself, not the structure of scientific studies, and scientists see it as a positive confusion, that drives toward the need to develop practice with a greater chance of success if foreign public interests, culture, and perspectives are taken into considerations, consistent with theories: excellence and dialog, in addition to the forth model of Grunig. However, the researchers noted that the sample of public diplomacy studies was immersed in the obsession with studying the practice and application of public diplomacy, focusing on criticized and developed the practice rather than studying of the masses and the means. Most of public diplomacy studies in the sample used content analysis, in quantitative studies, or in qualitative studies. The public diplomacy still lacked its own theoretical frameworks, but because of its close to strategic political communication and its interest in the study of the communicative; They use the "Agenda setting" and "framing" theories and their combination as a theoretical input have been the most common. Also there was a significant use of Four models of public relations of the use of the four models of Grunig, mainly the two-way asymmetrical and symmetrical models, excellence theory, and the theory of dialog in many public diplomacy studies, owing to the emphasis that public diplomacy should be viewed as international public relations, and that public relations theories have been scientifically proven to be used in public diplomacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chinese experience has proved that foreign investment can be relied on in the process of transfer and utilization of modem technology, contrary to what some believe that dependence on technology transfer abroad has no basis in fact. As a host country for foreign investment, China has been able to make real gains from modem production methods and advanced management methods. And the resulting effects of development and spread of investments, which have implications for the national economy, and under the constraints set by the Chinese government within the clear plan to benefit from technology by identifying industries with future growth. And to make an effort to develop it and build a knowledge system. All this calls for the assertion that if Egypt wants to strengthen its competitiveness in the world and to contend with advanced industrial countries to channel their investment and intensify towards the generation of science and knowledge and skill because they represent important sources of any state in the position of preference. Technology regulations as the fuel for progress and prosperity. These regulations include: Software and equipment, biotechnology, communications, machines that are managed automatically, the manufacture of civil aircraft, microelectronics, modem materials science industry. Each of these technology elements will be able to lead nations in the twenty-first century. It is worth mentioning here that these three scientific revolutions represent a powerful dynamic engine of prosperity and progress and a key to scientific, technological and cognitive progress. The great knowledge and knowledge as wealth and fuel also applies to China and others currently unlike the countries that possess innumerable wealth but do not exist on the global market map. The Chinese experience deserves careful study and attention through Egypt to develop a strong system, and the need to focus and exploit the old and strong relations between the two countries (Egypt and China), where China. is currently a strong strategic partner of Egypt, where Egypt has many various resources (Oil, minerals, etc.). In addition to these resources, Egypt's huge human resource, many expect the important role Egypt will play not only in the Arab and African region but also in its important role in the global economy. This requires an Egyptian mentality for every citizen who loves work and sanctifies it and is characterized by discipline, self-denial, work, collective and patriotic, in addition to a strong political vision and to direct all efforts and energies and activate them and involve them in various organs and sectors within the State all these factors will enable the State to achieve a quantum leap, as China did in all areas and in a short period of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed at investigating the characteristic of the input suppliers firms, their services and attitudes towards their role in technology transfer to the vegetables growers in the Jordan Valley and their relationships.A simple random sample of 60 firms were selected. Descriptive, parametric and nonparametric methods were used to analyze the data based on approximation to normal distributions. The results showed that 92% of the firms' executives have a university degree, 37% of firms were limited liability and more than two thirds have linkages with local and international. Most firms (83%) undertake applied research activities, of which, 48% in coopera tion with progressive farmers, 32% in cooperation with NCARE, and 45% have their own experimental farms. The majority (58%) were moderately or highly willing to cooperate the public sector in research a nd extension activities. Input suppliers provide regular, timely and quality information to farmers related to the use of their products; create awareness of innovations and the opportunity to try inputs and making use of them. Firms rely mostly on office calls by farmers, regular farm and home visits and mobile phone calls. The supplier's facilities, their role in technology transfer and in adoption process increase as executives experience and firms' age increase. The study recommended a supervisory role of the public sector on agricultural firms to ensure the quality of inputs and fair dealings; to encourage the creation of large firms with limited liability; functional division of labor in the extension services, where firms provide extension with private goods; cooperation in applied research and gradualuse of modern information technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]