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Rock art is a component of the tangible cultural heritage that testifies to the emergence of ancient human civilizations in human history. It may suggest the diversity and multiplicity of aspects of the rock and archeological heritage of Morocco. On the one hand, it is an introduction to writing ancient history in North Africa due to the rock evidence and documents that speak of the genius of ancient man in drawing and engraving artistic, natural, and aesthetic topics on the rocks and caves, as it is an essential reference for documenting and studying various aspects of the history and heritage of societies and geographical fields. On the other hand, it is a source for the history of art as it carries ancient symbols and writings, aesthetic and artistic values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Money politics has damaged the democratic system throughout the nation; handling the problem of money politics is not enough to be charged to law enforcement and all elements of society. The seriousness of the government and political parties in tackling the problem of money politics can be done by legal and political means. The results of this study show that political policies in preventing money politics in the 2019 elections in Banyumas Regency where political parties have made several efforts in at least three ways: 1) implementing pacta integrity and providing debriefing to cadres and legislative candidates. 2) All parties tend to follow only the existing rules, especially those issued by the KPU and Bawaslu. 3) It turns out that all parties do not require this, relating to the competency requirements of legislative candidates that are more stringent, intellectual, managerial skills, experience, and morality. Legal policies in the prevention and handling of money politics have carried out prevention strategies through legal policies, namely prevention at the level of legislation policy and judicial policy. In contrast, the execution policy has yet to be well realized.

تُعدالبيمارستانات من المُنشآت العامة التي تُعنى بتقديم الخدمات العلاجية، والطبية للمرضى، وقد انتشرت في مدن الجزيرة الفراتية في ظل السيطرة الزنكية، والأيوبية العديد من المشافي، والمارستانات اسوة ببقية المدن الاسلامية الأخرى، وقد واكب إنشاؤها، والاهتمام بها تطور المجتمع الإسلامي، والنمو العمراني فيها، فضلاً عن العوامل التي استجدت في بلاد الجزيرة الفراتية خلال القرنين السادس، والسابع الهجريين الثاني عشر والثالث عشر الميلادي كحدوث الأزمات، والكوارث الطبيعية، وكثرة الحروب التي ساهمت في زيادة اهتمام الزنكيين، والأيوبيين بخدمات الرعاية الصحية، وانشاء البيمارستانات المُختلفة لتقديم العلاج للمرضى، فضلاً عن كونها كانت مراكز تعليمية مُتقدمة، كان يتلقى فيها طلبة الطب علومهم النظرية، والتطبيقية. وقد سعى الحكام في اقليم الجزيرة الفراتية الى تجهيز بيمارستاناتهم بكل ما تحتاج إليه، وألحقوا بها صيدليات، وخزائن للكتب الطبية، كما عينّوا لكل منها ناظراً أو مديراً يُشرف على إدارتها، وقد بهر تقدمهم في هذا المجال أعدائهم الصليبيين، فاقتبسوا منهم الكثير من أساليب العلاج، كما قلّدوا المسلمين في بناء تلك البيمارستانات الاسلامية. والبحث الذي بين أيدينا مُحاولة لاستعراض بيمارستانات الجزيرة الفراتية التي تمّ انشائها في العهدين الزنكي، والأيوبي، وأبرز العوامل التي ساهمت في الأهتمام بالجوانب الصحية آنذاك، وطبيعة الخدمات العلاجية التي كانت تُقدمها البيمارستانات للمرضى، وأبرز الأطباء الذين خدموا فيها، وقد ارتأينا تقسيم البحث الى ثلاث مباحث، وخاتمة، استعرض المبحث الأول: التعريف بالبيمارستانات لغة واصطلاحاً، وأنواعها، ونظام العمل فيها ، أما المبحث الثاني: فتّطرق أبرز العوامل التي ساهمت في دعم، وانشاء البيمارستانات في اقليم الجزيرة الفراتية في القرنين السادس، والسابع الهجريين، والمبحث الثالث، والأخير:فُخصّص للحديث عن بيمارستانات الجزيرة الفراتية، وأبرز الأطباء الذين عملوا فيها آنذاك.

This study aims to disclose the impact of Islamic law and Indonesian state law on organizing zakat distribution for persons with disabilities. Utilizing a descriptive comparative methodology, this study analyzes how both Islamic law and Indonesian state law influence efforts to provide zakat funds to people with disabilities in Indonesia. We examined scholarly literature, reports, articles on Fiqh Zakat, zakat distribution, the rights of people with disabilities, and regulations to obtain pertinent background knowledge. A comparative analysis assessed the impact of the similarities and differences between these laws on the right to receive zakat. The findings evaluate the contribution of zakat distribution to addressing the needs of people with disabilities from the perspectives of both Islamic law and state law. This study emphasizes the importance of protecting individuals with disabilities in various countries, including those with secular legal frameworks, as a crucial aspect of social policies. It advocates equal access to education, healthcare, and employment opportunities, fostering inclusivity and eliminating discrimination.

Arabic and Islamic education are inseparable as the knowledge of Arabic Language significantly complements that of Islamic Studies. The population of this study comprised all the senior secondary students offering Arabic and Islamic studies in Kwara State. To get the respondents, we used purposive sampling techniques with a population of students who sit in public and private high schools and have a record of studying Arabic and Islamic studies at WAEC and NECO SSCE. Research questions were answered with the percentage, mean and standard deviation, while the hypotheses were tested with the Person’s Chi- square at 0.05 alpha level, and the symmetric measure of Crammer’s V was used to determine the degree of relationship between the variables. Findings revealed that majority of students performed at the credit level (A1 to C6) in Arabic and Islamic Studies, Also, a significant correlation occurred between students’ performance in Arabic and Islamic Studies SSCE.

Translation, in its simplest sense, is a means of interaction and communication between peoples and nations. It is an essential tool that expresses the strength of society in absorbing the greatest amount of science and knowledge reached by humanity in its quest for progress. Translation is an independent art that depends on creativity and linguistic sense, and it leads to understanding different cultures and thus bringing them closer together. Some liken it to a ship that transports science and knowledge from one place to another, thus helping nations to communicate and benefit from each other's experiences, as it is a key element in the interaction and openness of peoples to each other and a window to their heritage and intellectual productions. This paper includes books translated into Arabic in the field of libraries, information and archives published between 2000 and 2020, alphabetically arranged by the names of authors and their equivalents or titles, under subject headings that are also alphabetically arranged, with full metadata provided wherever possible.

تنَاول هذا البحث (الجوار في الشعر الجاهلي )، ومن أهدافه التي سعى إلى تحقيقها : التعرف إلى مصطلحات الجوار والتَّعريفِ بها كما قال بذلك مؤلفو المعاجم والاصطلاحيون وقيمة الجوار عند العرب الجاهليين؛ محاولةً دراسةِ هذه المصطلحات من خلال ورودها في الشعر الجاهلي وتعدد معانيها، وتوضيح العلاقة بين معاني هذه المصطلحات . وقد اتَّبَعَت البحث المنهج الوصفي لملاءمته طبيعة الدراسة آخِذَةً من أدواته التَّحليل. وقد خرج البحث بعد عرض مادته بنتائج، منها: اختلفت معاني كلمة " الجوار ومشتقَّاتها في الشعر الجاهلي. عظمت العرب حفظ الجوار وجعلته من أجل مكارم الأخلاق وجاء كثيرٌ من الآيات القرآنية والأحاديث النبوية موافقة لأعراف العرب في حفظ الجوار.

In many discussions and conversations with Muslim Madurese I often heard common belief that none of Madurese individuals embraces Christianity. They mostly conceive that almost one hundred percent of Madurese people are Muslim while Christian people living in Madura are generally non-Madurese. It might be right but the fact shows that some of the Madurese have embraced Christianity, besides Madurese Christian community in Sumber Pakem East Java which is practicing Christianity for more than four generations. The ignorance of Madurese Muslim toward Christian population, especially Madurese Christian in Madura, appear because of less interaction between Muslim and Christian on the one hand and social worries of Madurese Christians to express their identity on the other. This paper aims to describe the existence of Madurese Christians, examine how they survive inside and outside Madura island, and how they interact with Madurese Muslims. It also attempts to elucidate cultural connection between ethnicity (of Madurese) and religiosity (of Christian). [Dalam perlbagai diskusi dan perbincangan dengan orang Madura, seringkali terdengar pernyataan bahwa tidak ada orang Madura yang memeluk Kristen. Dipercaya bahwa 100 % orang Madura adalah muslim, sedangkan orang Kristen di Madura adalah bukan orang Madura. Hal ini mungkin benar, namun realitasnya berkata bahwa ada sekolompok orang Madura memeluk Kristen beberapa generasi dan tinggal di Sumber Pakem, Jawa Timur. Ketidaktahuan ini disebabkan oleh minimnya interaksi antara Madura muslim dan Kristen disatu sisi, dan di sisi yang lain karena adanya kegamangan kelompok Madura Kristen untuk menunjukkan identitasnya pada publik. Artikel ini menjelaskan keberadaan orang Madura Kristen dan bagaimana mempertahankannya dan berinteraksi dengan muslim, baik di dalam maupun luar Pulau Madura. Artikel ini juga mengeksplorasi hubungan kultural antara etnisitas (Madura) dengan agama (Kristen).]

This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of heavy chisel plow at the end of January during agricultural season ( 2018) In the area of Baweizah of the district of Talkif / Ninavah province which is located north east of the city of Mosul Which is far (13) Km about the city center.Soil texture was silty clay by using two levels of factory of level plowing, the first level was add the tubular rolleron the chisel plow and the second level was without the tubular rollerfrom the chisel plow . also two levels of depth plow .the first was (8-10 cm) and the second was (12-14 cm) and three levels of speed included ( 2.4, 4.3 and 7.1) km/h. to study their effect in some mechanical properties , the experience was factorial with three replication . The differences have been tested by Duncan.the important results are in the following: excelled (add the tubular roller) in the following properties (,Volume of soil disturbed,depth achieved,the appearance tillage), while the level (withput roller reducer) excelled in properties (Draft force ,specific resistance), while does not appear any moral differences in the following properties (Fuel consumption).At same time excelled the speed (2.4)km/h in the following properties (Draft force, specific resistance, Depth actual of plowing), While the speed (7.1)km/h excelled in the following properties (Fuel consumption ,volume of soil disturbed, the appearance tillage). RegisterThe interaction between the first level tillage (add the roller reducer) and the first forward speed (2.4) km/h record moral superiority in the following properties (Depth actual of plowing) while the interaction between the first level tillage and the Third forward speed (7.1) km/h record moral excelled in the properties (Volume of soil disturbed ,The appearance tillage), while the interaction between the Second level tillage (without the tubular roller) and the first forward speed (2.4)km/h moral excelled in the following properties (Draft force, specific resistance), while the interaction between the second level tillage (without the tubular roller) and the third forward speed (7.1) km/h moral excelled in the properties(Fuel consumption)

لقد انتشرت الكتب التعليمية يستخدمها بعض المدارس والمعاهد في أنحاء أندونيسيا لتدريس اللغة العربية لأبنائها الطلبة؛ منها كتاب العربية للناشئين. والكتاب للناشئين من التلاميذ؛ ابتدأ من 11 سنة إلى 17 سنة تقريبا. وبرغم كثرة من يستخدمه ويستفيد منه لتعليم العربية، فإنّ الكتاب لا يزال بحاجة إلى من يقوم بتقويمه؛ اعتمادا على المعايير والأسس التي ذكرها المتخصصون في إعداد الكتاب التعليمي للغة العربية. والأهداف من عملية هذا البحث هي لمعرفة محتويات الكتاب التعليمي "العربية للناشئين" ومطابقته لتعليم اللغة العربية لغير الناطقين بها. ويعتبر هذا البحث من ضمن البحث المكتبي، والطريقة لجمع البيانات هي منهج التوثيق. وتحليل بياناتها يستخدم الباحث المدخلَ الاستقرائي العامي. والنتائج هي؛ أولا: ما يتعلق بمحتويات كتاب التعليمي "العربية للناشئين" وهي أسس إعداد الكتاب؛ يتكون من الأسس الثقافية الاجتماعية، والأسس السيكولوجية، والأسس اللغوية والتربية، ومحتوى الكتاب؛ يشتمل على المادة اللغوية وهي : المفردات، التراكيب، ونوع اللغة المعلمةو هي اللغة العربية الفصحى، والثقافية وهي الثقافة العربية والإسلامية، المهارات اللغوية؛ وهي الاستماع والكلام والقراءة والكتابة، وطريقة التدريس؛ فيستخدم الكتاب الطريقة السمعية الشفوية في تعليم اللغة العربية، والتدريبات؛ فالكتاب يحتوي على ثلاثة أنواع التدريبات وهي: التدريبات الآلية/تدريبات الأنماط، تدريبات المعنى، التدريبات الاتصالية، والمواد المصاحبة، يتكون من كتب التدريبات والتمرينات، والصور، ومرشد المعلم أو كتاب المعلم، وإخراج الكتاب؛ وهو من المتعذر إصدار قاعدة عامة تصلح معيارا للحكم على كل الكتب في كل الجوانب الخاصة بالطباعة. ثانيا: أنّ كتاب العربية للناشئين مطابق لتعليم اللغة العربية لغير الناطقين بها عموما

Human first started domesticating animals at least 11,000 years ago in the Levant and Central Anatolia. Gradually the idea of animal controlling process, along with agricultural practice, spread throughout Africa, Asia and continental Europe and eventually transformed the face of the world. Archaeozoological evidences suggest that the process of animal domestication was actually occurred in a new way of human-animal interactions which was totally unknown to previous hunter-gatherers. Mardin region is located in the central point of northern Fertile Crescent. Archaeological settlements near and around this region provide the evidence of human-animal relationships in Early Neolithic societies which essentially promoted the early domestication process. However, the dimensions of present human-animal interactions are far different than the early stage, and therefore, Mardin region is a crucial place to study different facts and status in pastoral societies, particularly focusing on anthrozoological perspectives. Unfortunately very few attempts have yet been taken regarding this issue in southeast Anatolia. This field research, thus, aimed to observe the status of pastoralism and human-animal relationships in pastoral societies of Mardin providence.

In fact, the Internet is a channel for the transfer of mental and behavioral patterns that affect the cultural context of our society, which has led to changes in the patterns of cultural values and structures and behaviors at the level of members of Syrian society in general and young Syrians in particular. If young people in certain parts of the world are considered to be the creators and manufacturers of this new technology, today's young people are considered to be consumers, and even more so than their often passive recipients. This situation has been a concern and concern of many institutions and at different levels and educators are researchers because of fear of the negative effects of psychologically, socially and economically on our youth in terms of identity, values and behavior. These challenges were a concern for everyone and had to be sought to understand and see the dimensions and the development of strategies and plans that limit the extent possible impact of this network to them, especially in an era that we can not prevent them from communicating with it

This study aims at identifying the extent to which the postgraduate students in the Faculty of Computer Engineering at the University of Damascus possess the skills of using the computer by measuring their ability in using the computer according to the following fields: (Computer skills, computer skills, operating system skills, skills of using ready software, and skills of using the information network and the Internet). A special questionnaire was constructed to achieve the objectives of the study and presented to a group of competent arbitrators with the expertise to verify its validity and consistency. , Where the stability coefficient (0.94) was also used, and the Statistical Package Program (SPSS) was used to analyze the data Finally, the study led to a number of results which, in turn, led to some suggestions that could benefit computer workers, professionals and specialists in college, university and society.

Almighty Allah bestowed honors and respect to mankind. Keeping in view the honor of mankind, Allah SWT blessed them also a purified, cleanse and Halal [permissible & Lawful] food. Moreover, the religious teachings are very clear and transparent in this regard to highlight the difference between what is beneficial and useful for them and what is harmful and injurious. Almighty Allah is very kind and compassionate to his servants and described definite commands and orders about such Animals which are adequate and effective to mankind and counts them in Halal category and otherwise are considered Restricted and Haram [impressible & unlawful]. So all kinds of animals which are harmful are prohibited with exception of their some body organs and which are useful are described with their all qualities are halal in mentioned divine religions i.e. Judaism, Christianity and Islam coupled with little changes in rulings about the use of body organs of impermissible animals like use of bones or skin etc. The paper emphasis on describing the disparities of three divine religions regarding the use of organs, skin of animals, bones and highlight their procedures of making them safe and useable for mankind. This study will lead us to know that which divine religion is more applicable and provides cleanse food to their followers along with having the status of eternity strength among three.

This research aimed to study some of the technical and economical effects including the use of two kinds of potato lifters with one stage of suspended type, the first foreigner made (Finnish) type Tume and the second local designed by the researcher. The research was carried out in mixed soils for both equipments. The angle of lifting was (25) for both equipments and seasons. The results were analyzed statistically by using the factorial experiment with in split plot design with three replications. The following conclusions were depicted. In the first season the results showed that there are no significant differences concerning the effect of lifting equipments on the studied properties In the second season the results showed that there are significant differences concerning the effect of lifting equipments on some of the studied properties, where the local equipment showed slightly higher significance than the foreigner one in the damaged tubers and lifter potatoes properties, but the foreigner equipment showed higher significance concerning the quantitative loss and there were no significant differences in other studied properties. In the mean of the two seasons the results showed that the effect of seasons was higher significantly than most of the studied properties. The first season showed higher significance regarding the undamaged and lifted potatoes than the 2nd season, while the one later showed slight difference concerning the damaged tubers and the qualitative and quantitative losses and no great significant difference in the damaged tubers.

The Development of Educational Research at Sudan Faculties of Education in the light of Quality Assurance Criteria of Arab University Faculties of Education Abstract: This study aims to know the point of view of the staff members in Sudanese faculties of Education at introducing suggestion vision for developing Educational scientific research in the light of five criterias in quality assurance in faculties of Education in Arab Universites in field of scientific Educational research which have been prepared by scientific society for faculties of Education for Arab union Universites. The study attempted to answer the main question: (What is the Suggested vision for developing Educational scientific research in the Sudanese faculties of Education in the light of criteria of quality assurance for faculties of Education in Arab Universites ? ), which in turn has six secondary questions. The researchers used the descriptive analytical method, and designed a questionnaire contains (60) statments which cover six points. The Study sample is a purposive one and it is about (42) participants from staff members whose job title is assisant proff, and above, expertise in education science fields, in three colleges of education in: Khartoum, University , Omdurman Islamic University and Sudan University for science and technology. The study sample represented (22.8%) of the study total population. The study came to some findings among which, the most important is : The study sample accept criteria in quality assurance for faculties of Education in Arab Universites in developing Educational research in the Sudanese faculties of Education. The study has set twelve recommendations, the most important ones are: To form high committee for quality assurance for Sudanese faculties of Education, attached to the Sudanese ministry of higher education ,and secondry committees for each education collag, and to set sratiegic planning and allocate fund for developing Educational research in the Sudanese faculties of Education for staff members and students as well.