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The research is concerned with the problems of knowledge purification of kindergarten children by verifying its aims, identifying of knowledge purification among the first level of kindergarten children and the second level of kindergarten children, and the differences between the males and females in the variable of knowledge purification. The research community included the children in the state and private kindergartens in Baghdad governorate, on its two sides, Karkh and Rusafa, for the six districts for the academic year 2022-2023. After making the knowledge purification test according to the scientific steps of test constructions, the test has been presented to a group of experts specialized in the field of kindergarten to ascertain the validity of the test items and to calculate the discrimination, the items difficulty, and the test stability according to Kuder Richardson. The final form of the knowledge purification test consists of 13 items of two alternatives Yes, No with scores 1-0 that the highest score for the test is 13 and the lowest score is zero with a hypothetical medium of 6.5. Fnally, the test was applied to a sample of 400 children from state and private kindergartens who were selected randomly. The results were that the children have a good degree of knowledge purification, there is no differences between the first level of kindergarten children and the second level of kindergarten children and no differences between males and females in the knowledge purification variable. Then the two researchers put forwards a number of recommendations and suggestions: 1.The Iraqi Ministry of Education should be interested in adopting the useful scientific experiences for the child in the kindergartens, so that the knowledge purification is selected in a best possible way. • There should be a relationship between the knowledge purification and the academic achievement of the kindergarten child parents.

Persian spirituality exerted a profound influence on the religious culture of Kashmir. The local Hindu Shaivite monism that went back to the ninth century was propagated by the Rishi ascetics. This paper aims to examine the influence of Sufism on the popular Islamic culture in Kashmir, in particular the role of the fourteenth-century figure of Nund Rishi or Shaykh Nūruddīn. The findings will be based on the qualitative analysis of the historical sources pertaining to the period concerned, with a focus on the Sanskrit epic of Rajatarangini and the poetry of Nund Rishi which explicitly refers to famous Persian mystics. This study has valid implications for the research on the causes of the socio-cultural transformation of Kashmir that were not only initiated but also taken to its completion and fruition by the local Rishi order.

This study contains on a legal maxim; crime neither can be proved nor be punished without verse or legal text (statute), as well as it is a comparative analysis in prospective of Islamic criminal law and Pakistani criminal law. In contemporary world it is a basic principle in the criminal justice system that a person can neither be convicted nor be punished without prescribed law. Islamic law has fixed some punishments strictly like ḥudūd, qiṣāṣ and dīyyāt. while some of the punishments like tazīrāt & siyāsah shar’iah come under the jurisdiction of state according to the circumstances, which can be fixed by practicing parliamentary ijtīhād by if and only if the experts islamic legal system. This study will deal with the literal meaning of the legal maxim, & will be explained with the references of Qur’an & Sunnah and its applications from Islamic law (al-fiqh al-islāmī). To make it more clear & evident this maxim will be compared with the constitution & penal code of Pakistan, focusing on the main differences between the concept of crime in both i.e. Islamic criminal law and the Pakistani law.

Leopold Weiss alias Muhammad Asad is a European scholar; his family belonged to a Jewish family. Being a journalist, he traveled to many parts of the world to discover hidden realities. He went to Arabian countries too where he encountered Muslims and saw the Islamic culture and civilization. He got impressed by the teachings of the Holy Quran particularly the Sura Takthur سوره تکاثر)). As it reveals that life is short and temporary; all efforts and struggles for worldly benefits will go vanish. After accepting Islam, he devoted himself to the service of Islam. He wrote a lot of research-based books about Islam; he is of the view that Islam is not a religion of stories or the religion of the past with no application in the present time; rather he is extremely convinced that it is as applicable and valid in today's world as it was in the era of Holy Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. Among his scholarly works, the translation of Sahi ul Bukhari stands unique. His given name in the book is the early years of Islam. He intended to translate it into English in 40 installments; however, he could complete only 5 installments due to the destruction of the Second World War. In this article, we have tried to discuss his brief personal life and his method of translation with analyses. Relevant examples have been presented to make it more comprehensible.

With the increasing volume of mental health illness in Pakistan, there is always a need to develop effective methods for the amelioration of those mental illness. The modern science and technology have resulted in the development of sophisticated techniques and methods in the form of both psychotropic medicines, and psychotherapy to aid the mentally ill recover from mental illness. But the Western developed methods and techniques do not fully encompass the social aspects inherent in mentally ill people in Muslim societies. The need for the introduction and integration of Muslim form of psychotherapy is utmost and can not be ignored. The Muslim form of psychotherapy is built upon the Islamic teachings and principles and employs techniques such as meditation, reading, and performing religious duties. The goal of such Islamic techniques is to restore the equilibrium and make the mentally ill person to regain meanings in life by exploring knowledge and redefining one’s relationship with Allah. Allah is the supreme authority and chief therapist in Islamic model. The psychotherapist facilitates the mentally ill person find the lost meaning and to follow the right path towards utilizing one’s full potential.

Zabt Ul Asma (ضبط الأسماء والأنساب) is a great art and a noble science. Scholars absolutely agree on its importance, praise those who care about it, and abandon those who neglect it. This research paper contains an introduction, three chapters, and a conclusion. In the preface, the significance of the topic has been discussed. The first chapter deals with a short introduction of the book Al Garaib wal Afraad; while the second chapter presents a brief introduction of life of Imam Dar Qutni. The third chapter elucidates examples of Zabt from the book. In conclusion, the outcomes of the research have been provided. The research is descriptive and empirical in its nature as it will give evidences from the book. The book consists of 6400 Afrad Ahadith; I have just conducted research from Musnad Muaaz Bin Jabl, Hadith number 4284 to 4592 around 308 Ahadith. From these Ahadith, I encountered 7 such Ahadith where the different shape of letters can be found.

This study synthesized zeolite 4A, and hierarchical composite structure consisting of zeolite 4A- carbon were successfully prepared. Hydrothermal method was used to grow a layer of zeolite 4A over porous carbon surfaces to enhance mass transfer and increase surface area of zeolite. The products then were used to remove radioactive cesium137Cs from liquid wastewater. Iraqi dates leaves midribs (DM) were used as locally available agricultural waste to prepare low- cost porous carbon, using carbonization method in tubular furnace at 900C for two hours. Hierarchical porous structures including zeolite are prepared by mechanically activating the carbon surface via Ultrasonicating nanoparticles suspension of ground zeolite type 4A.For preparing nanoparticles suspension, commercial zeolite has been milled using 0.3-0.4 mm diameter glass balls as grinding media. Nanoparticles of zeolite 4A acting as seeding (nucleation centers) increase the crystallization of amorphous aluminosilica gel on modification carbon surface. The products of the syntheses zeolite 4A and the hierarchal composite materials (DMZ) were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Nitrogen sorption (BET) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) to check the morphology, structure, surface area, and the chemical composition respectively. The products were used to treat radioactive wastewater contaminated with radioactive cesium 137Cs collected from destroyed building of the Radiochemistry Laboratories (RCL) in AL-Tuwaitha Nuclear Site. The activity concentration for the contamination water pre and after the treatment were measured using gamma spectroscopy system supplied with a high purity germanium detector (HPGe) with 60% relative efficiency. The results showed that the radioactivity concentration after the treatment process decreased significantly from 4800 Bq/L to 186 and Bq/L,121 Bq/L using 0.045 gm from synthesized zeolite 4A and DMZ respectively.

This paper comprises of da‘wah definitions, as clarified by different dictionaries and Islamic scholars literally and metaphorically along with diagram and tabular illustartion in order to know the core of conceptual domain of da‘wah and its relation to the women invitation towards Islam. Women regarding daily home based activities have also the great importance in the perspective of da‘wah that may be judged by employing analytical method. As women of the modern age have been facing troubles due to various trends of prevailing situation at one hand and while it may be suitable to say that they could perform their da‘wah tasks with ease as compared to the past era by virtue of multiple sources for propagation of Islamic values.There are limitations regarding da‘wah and family duties of women may also be associated with the sense of balance and stability of social life due to which smooth and harmonic flow of life cause again directly and indirectly positive boost up and uplift towards da‘wah ultimately. Da‘wah in perspective of domestic reponsibilties of women and their indoor and outdoor activities needs comprehensive methodolgies and due to its application one may promote education, training, social contact / function and save the precious time of women as being lost in current Pakistani Family Paradigm.

The task of an educational institution such as kindergartens need to run by managers possess the knowledge to manage the administration of the importance in the development of kindergarten has been the goal of research to identify knowledge management at Riyadh managers, and achieve the objectives of Search selected sample of directors of kindergartens in the city of Baghdad was (160) director was Akhtarhn simple random way, been building measure for knowledge management and presented to the group of experts and extracted stability in a way re-testing and Alvakronbach and reach search to a discrepancy between managers Riyadh in knowledge management and put the researcher set of recommendations including the establishment of seminars and workshops to explain the concept of administration Riyadh knowledge to managers and researcher proposed building a training program for the development of knowledge management at Riyadh managers.

Learning outcomes for academic programs at the University of Aden: reality and expectations desired from the standpoint of deans, heads of academic departments, the faculty members and students expected to graduate ABSTRACT This study aims to evaluate the status and the possibility of the development of learning outcomes in academic programs of the faculties of the University of Aden. Such an evaluation was conducted in terms of meeting the needs of learners and how to achieve their creativity and ability to connect their experience with the world outside educational institutions. The evaluation for the in academic programs was from the point of views of the deans of the faculties, vice deans, heads of academic departments, staff, and expected graduate students in the academic year of 2009-2010. The study sample consisted of 123 persons, including (8) deans, (14) vice-dean, (14) Head of Department, (16) faculty member, and (71) expected graduate students. The researcher adopted a descriptive approach to identify the point of views of the study sample related to status and the possibility of development learning outcomes, that are meeting the learners' needs and how to achieve their creativity and ability to consist with the requirements of the labor market. To achieve the study objectives, a questionnaire consists of 40 items was developed. Items were distributed in two main fields: (1) The status of learning outcomes and the possibility of initiating learning outcomes that are meeting the needs of the learner and achieve their creations. (2) The status of learning experiences and the possibility of embarking the development of learning experiences to help connect the student in the world outside the institution. The questionnaire validity was assured using the chi square to examine the significant differences in the degree of approval of the experts that was not less than about 91% on all items. also used Chronbakh Alpha equation to calculate its reliability, which was reached to (0.89). The study came up with results showed that the learning outcomes development in many academic programs are not meeting the needs of learners or helping them to achieve any of their creativities. The weighted mean of such development was (0.39) with a SD of (13.1). A marked decline in the level of development of learning experiences help connect the student in the world outside of the educational institution . Learning outcomes were not consistent with labor market requirements. The mean of such level was (0.45) with a SD of (14.2). In contrast, results revealed a relatively high level that reflect the possibility of initiating the development of learning outcomes are meeting learners needs, and helping them to achieve their creations, The mean of such level was (68%) with a SD of (16.7). In addition, the level of possibility to initiate learning experiences development to meet labor market requirements was high. Its mean was (0.75) with a SD of (15.7).

Abstract This study aims to use of The statistical methods in order to evaluate the learning assessment process i.e. the results (scores) of final exams for the science department's students, at the first semester of academic year 2009-2010. The sample's study composed of students from 1st and 4th levels belong to science department (chemistry, biology, mathematics, and physic) in Aden-Educational Collage. The sample's volume found to be (530)which forms about (100%) of the original society. The researcher used three types of statistical methods as an arbitrated tool of this study : 1. MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY, 2. PERCENTILES, 3. FREQENCY DISTRIBUTION CURVE, in order to evaluate the results (scores) of final exams. The results were as the following : • 1. Using of CENTRAL TENDENCY MEASUREMENTS showed that the MOD of students for 1st level was

The personal references and impressionist articles in Mukhtar Masood's works ''Awaaz e Dost' 'and ''Harf e shoq''have been viewed differently by critics. He has a diverse literary color in his prose. He also put the pencil sketch aside imagery and other prose with great skill. The explanation and responsibility of him is the main feature of the pencil sketch. He wrote less, but wrote well. Some call it insinuation; some call it biographies of eminent people and analysis of the past and the present. His writings include many sciences and arts such as history, economics, politics, psychology, Literature and theology are raised in one unit as a full training institution. Awaz e Dost, Harf e Shouq and specially in Safar Naseeb he has used a great skill of pencil sketch and perhaps the sketch is reached by the zenith. This article highlights the definition, comparison and the pencil sketch contained in Mukhtar Masood's prose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existence of a fatwa and a mufti is essential for an Islamic society. This is because the sources and texts of Islamic jurisprudence are limited, while the problems faced by Muslims are increasing day by day. Therefore, it is the responsibility of a Mufti to inform the people about new issues in the light of the Shari'ah rules. On the other hand, one of the attributes that a mufti must possess is that he should be fully aware of the conditions and revolutions of the time, because it is an established principle that there is always a chance to make a change in Fatwa in accordance with the change in time, place and circumstances. It is important to clarify here that all the provisions of the Shari'ah are not changeable. Rather, it refers only to those rules which are changeable and not prescribed by Quran and Hadith. Therefore, it is necessary to figure out the principles and limits under which the fatwa may be changed. How the mujtahids of the first century faced this problem, what are the rules and regulations that must be observed while changing fatwa and who has the authority and why? The following article attempts to answer these questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]