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A hand gesture recognition system provides a robust and innovative solution to nonverbal communication through human–computer interaction. Deep learning models have excellent potential for usage in recognition applications. To overcome related issues, most previous studies have proposed new model architectures or have fine-tuned pre-trained models. Furthermore, these studies relied on one standard dataset for both training and testing. Thus, the accuracy of these studies is reasonable. Unlike these works, the current study investigates two deep learning models with intermediate layers to recognize static hand gesture images. Both models were tested on different datasets, adjusted to suit the dataset, and then trained under different methods. First, the models were initialized with random weights and trained from scratch. Afterward, the pre-trained models were examined as feature extractors. Finally, the pre-trained models were fine-tuned with intermediate layers. Fine-tuning was conducted on three levels: the fifth, fourth, and third blocks, respectively. The models were evaluated through recognition experiments using hand gesture images in the Arabic sign language acquired under different conditions. This study also provides a new hand gesture image dataset used in these experiments, plus two other datasets. The experimental results indicated that the proposed models can be used with intermediate layers to recognize hand gesture images. Furthermore, the analysis of the results showed that fine-tuning the fifth and fourth blocks of these two models achieved the best accuracy results. In particular, the testing accuracies on the three datasets were 96.51%, 72.65%, and 55.62% when fine-tuning the fourth block and 96.50%, 67.03%, and 61.09% when fine-tuning the fifth block for the first model. The testing accuracy for the second model showed approximately similar results.

هدف البحث الحالي إلى تعرف أثره برنامج تعليمي – تعلمي وفقًا لبعض استراتيجيات التعلم النشط في تحصيل طلاب الصف الأول المتوسط في مادة الرياضيات, لتحقيق ذلك الهدف أختار الباحث عينة من (49) طالب, المجموعة التجريبية (24) طالب والمجموعة الضابطة (25) طالب من طلاب الصف الأول المتوسط في متوسطة (الأندلس للبنين) للعام الدراسي 2020-2021م, وتم بناء اختباراً للتحصيل مكون من (38) فقرة, وتم التأكد من الخصائص السايكومترية للإختبار, وبعد معالجة البيانات إحصائياً باستعمال الإختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين, توصل البحث إلى : - تفوق طلاب المجموعة التجريبية الذين دُرِسوا على وفق البرنامج التعليمي – التعلمي على طلاب المجموعة الضابطة الذين دُرِسوا على وفق الطريقة الاعتيادية في اختبار التحصيل. بعد تفسير النتائج توصل الباحث إلى استنتاجات ووضع توصيات عدة وأقترح مقترحات صالحة للبحث والتجريب.

In the postmodern era, the graphic design styles showed a new visualization method when the graphic designers had changed the traditional conditions by using design elements with new technics for photos, collage and comics illustration. The researcher assumes that the graphic design styles were affected by the art's movement at that period throw the same perspective of view for the concept presented in the art pieces and their entire message. Therefore, the researcher chooses field was the period of 1945-1970 in the USA for the (pop-art and conceptual-art) and explored the main visual effects that expressed the visual dialogue and compared them with the most common design styles ant the same period and location, the results of selected examples of different styles of graphic designs work analyzing conclude that the styles were influenced with the art's movements and the designers going forward to more expression and fun over the visual elements conditions

هذا البحث يختص بالحياة الفكرية لأهل الذمة في بلاد الكٌرد من خلال إسهامهم في دراسة العلوم العقلية والنقلية، فالعلوم العقلية تتضمن: الطب والصيدلة والرياضيات والهندسة والفلك والفلسفة وعلوم أخرى. بينما تشمل العلوم النقلية: اللغة والنحو والادب والتاريخ والجغرافية والفنون.وكان لكل من أتباع أهل الذمة من اليهود والنصارى والصابئة دور في تطويربعض من هذه العلوم المذكورة آنفاً حسب أهميتها بالنسبة لهم، أي بعبارة أخرى حسب ما تتطلبه أوضاعهم الدينية والاجتماعية والثقافية والاقتصادية، وبما يلائم أوضاعهم السياسية في بلاد الكٌرد في العصر العباسي. أولاً: دور أهل الذمَّة في العلوم العقلية. تشمل العلوم العقلية: الطب والصيدلة والرياضيات والهندسة والفلك والفلسفة وعلوم أخرى. وكان علماء أهل الذمة قد إنصبَّ إهتمامهم بدراسة تلك العلوم والترجمة لها، لاسيما من اللغات الاغريقية(= اليونانية) والسريانية الى اللغة العربية، فترجموا عدداً لا بأس به من الكتب التي تخص الأمم الأخرى كاليونان والسريان وغيرهم، ولم يقتصروا على ذلك، بل أضافوا اليها شروحاً ومتوناً تتناسب وعقيدتهم النصرانية التي لا تتلاءم في الكثير من ركائزها مع الفلسفة اليونانية، وإن كانت قد استقت الكثير من معالمها، وحاولت المواءمة بينهما. وبخصوص بلاد الكٌرد، فانها كبقية أقاليم الخلافة العباسية، لم تكن مستثناة في هذا المجال، فأهل ذمتها من سائر الاديان كان لهم دور لا يستهان به في هذا الإطار. فضلاً عن سياسة التسامح الديني والتعايش الاجتماعي التي تميز بها الكٌرد المسلمين وبما جاء في عقيدتهم الاسلامية أكثر من غيرهم فقد كان لهم دور مهم في إفساح المجال أمام أهل الذمة للاهتمام بالعلوم المختلفة، علاوة على اهتمام الأمراء الكٌرد بالإنجازات التي حققوها، فكانت العلاقة بين الطرفين علاقة طردية، تتناسب وأهمية الانجاز، ومن أبرز العلوم العقلية:

The significant shift in the Fine Arts, who led the avant-garde movements and creative which appeared in the modern, specifically in the mid-nineteenth century and early twentieth century era path, embodied in a clear show of new aesthetic value rejects traditional methods put in shape and color qualities She described the movements subjectivity or no formal, was intended to determine the direct function of expression and speech language in the visual arts away from the representation and simulation of reality was accompanied by the appearance of those fine movements directed towards a global approach to design carries features and clear in its organizations formalism of the most important move away from the symmetry and the adoption of rather than the system and attention to the job which was considered one of the basic principles of beauty and order to reach the roots of the global method in graphic design stages undergone by the design history, combined with Fine art avant-garde movements, In the most important historical era, appeared at the researcher problem and found worthy Find summed it up by asking follows what is the impact of modern art movements on graphic design in the modern age in determining the formal building and expressive attributes and achieve career goals aesthetic from here came the goal of research statement formalism and organizational variables for graphic designer and performance expressive and comparing methods affected artistic movements of the modern era. The research based on analytical descriptive approach to group samples came out of her with Group of conclusion : findings and conclusions, namely: contributed to modern art in creating standards performance today, a new process aesthetic design, which was limited to the aesthetic drawing and techniques to express them into a collage techniques and photo montage about metaphor expressive use of materials has not been touched before., To achieve the formal organization of the elements with the background, whether from during the mathematical logic and engineering or coincidence industry led to a shift in the design process and the emergence of new space relationship directly influenced in a clear transformation of the design

Abstract The study aimed at expounding the differences in a number of basic skills in soccer for the late childhood period in the age category of (9-12) years old. The researchers hypothesized that significant differences exist in some basic skills among various ages of the late childhood period between (9-12) years old. The researchers used the descriptive method using the survey which is appropriate to the nature and objectives of the study. The population of the study consisted of (200) pupils joining the primary school team players in the center of Hamdanya District for the academic year (2009-2010) while the study sample consists of (132) players representing (6) schools. the data was collected through survey and analyzing of the contexts of scientific literature pertinent to the subject of the study to determine the basic skills in soccer. The analysis showed that the skills were ( shooting , dribbling, bouncing the ball in the air, pass, and shooting for a short distance). The skills were presented to specialists in this field who validated. The researchers used the following tools for (SPSS) package software (Arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Pearson’s simple correlation coefficient, (F-Test) for unidirectional variance analysis, percentage, and (L.S.D). The researchers reached a number of conclusions as follows : o The arithmetic means showed a development in the basic skills of soccer with the progress in age (9-10) (10-11) )(11-12) . o Real and ordered differences were found based on the statistical significance among the three age categories in the skills of (shooting) represented by (shooting towards a goal drawn on the wall) , and the skill of dribbling (represented by the test of zig zag running with ball) , and the control of the ball represented by the control of the ball in the air . o Non ordered differences exists between the age categories in the skills of passing (represented by passing to a target drawn on the ground) , and precision of shooting as no significant differences were shown between the ages of (9-10) (10-11) in those skills. Based on above , the researcher recommended a number of recommendations.