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Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Economics & Social Sciences is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The loss of the wheat crop is considered one of the most important problems at the Egyptian society, because it is considered a waste of all agricultural resources, especially the limited resources such as land, water, and capital. Despite this, there is not enough interest in the crop loss by agricultural policy makers, despite the increase in the lost quantities of it, especially in the post-harvest stages. Therefore, the study aims to - Determine the economic indicators of the production loss of the wheat crop in Egypt and in Ismailia Governorate. 2 - Estimating the quantities and percentages of crop losses in the post-harvest stages (harvesting, drying, threshing, packaging and transportation) in Ismailia Governorate. 3 - Finding some solutions and proposals to reduce the loss of the wheat crop based on the field study that was conducted in Ismailia Governorate during the agricultural season 2021/2022. The average productivity of an feddan in Ismailia Governorate was about 2.5% during the average period from 2000-2021, while the average production loss was About 4.1 thousand tons, and the average lost area was about 1.6 thousand feddans, and the amount of water lost was about 3.8 billion cubic meters, and the lost amount of fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphate and potassium) was about 0.7 thousand tons during the average studied period 2000-2021. According to the study The field study conducted in Ismailia Governorate found that the general total of wheat losses at the level of the studied sample amounted to about 317.99 tons, and it was found that the amount of losses during the harvesting stage was in the first place, reaching about 106.27 tons, followed by the drying stage, where the amount of losses amounted to about 84.27 tons. Followed by the study stage, where the amount of waste amounted to about 57.74 tons, followed by the packaging stage, where the amount of waste amounted to about 40.74 tons, then the transportation stage comes in the last place, as it amounted to a thousand It weighed about 28.97 tons. The study recommends the necessity of preserving the harvesting process early and at the time recommended by the Ministry of Agriculture so that the percentage of losses does not increase and the farmer does not obtain a suitable price. The need to use the combine, which performs four operations at the same time, which is the process of harvesting, threshing and packaging, while providing farmers with reasonable prices, providing maintenance stations and spare parts for it, as well as providing sufficiently trained manpower, as well as activating the role of agricultural extension in transmitting information on reducing losses in all stages of crop production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of the study showed that summer vegetable crops (potatoes, tomatoes, dry white beans, super pulp watermelons) in Buhaira Governorate can be arranged according to their efficiency in the use of productive and economic resources, where the summer potato crop came in first in terms of productivity per feddan, revenue and the net return per fedan, Followed by the crop (tomatoes, dry white beans, and watermelon super pulp in the second, third, and fourth place, respectively, on the other hand, the white dry beans crop came in first in terms of relative profitability and the rate of return on the invested pound, followed by the crop (super pulp watermelon, potatoes, tomatoes) in the second, third, and fourth place, respectively, during the production season 2021/2022. From the results of the efficiency analysis, it was found that the summer vegetable crops in the research sample in Beheira governorate were wasted in chemical fertilizers (nitro, phosphate, potassium), the wasted amount of nitrogen fertilizer at the level of the area planted with crops (potatoes, tomatoes, dry beans, super pulp watermelons) in agricultural associations and representative centers of the sample and Buhaira Governorate amounted to about (271.1, 596.8, 1109.1) tons, respectively, of urea fertilizer at a cost of about (1561478, 3437852, 6388321) pounds, at the level of the area cultivated with these crops, the amount of phosphate fertilizer wasted for the total area of summer vegetables was about (274.1, 970.1, 1823.8) tons of superphosphate at a cost of (498,940, 1765600, 3319316) pounds, respectively. Finally, the amount of potassium nitrate wasted for the area planted with the aforementioned crops at the level of agricultural associations, centers and governorate (250.4, 786.9, 1421.9) tons at a cost of (2443772, 7680099, 13877871) pounds, respectively. And it became clear from the economic effect of estimating efficiency on production and production costs of summer vegetable crops in the research sample that the average productivity is a crop (potatoes, tomatoes, dry white beans, watermelon super pulp) in Beheira Governorate, it is exposed to a loss in the amount of production at the level of agricultural associations and centers represented by the research sample and the Beheira Governorate, estimated at (494.1, 327, 63.3, 14.9) tons, respectively, at the level of the area planted with these crops in the agricultural associations, at the level of the centers represented by the sample, it is estimated about (2727.7, 401.1, 603.5, 56) tons, respectively, and for the Buhaira governorate, the loss in the amount of production for the study crops is estimated at (4740.3, 718.6, 1108.7, 133.2) tons, respectively, As a result, the farms of those crops suffered losses estimated at about (1318, 879, 1013, 328) thousand pounds at the level of agricultural associations, and at the level of centers, the losses of farms were estimated at about (7274, 1078, 9657, 1232) thousand pounds, and at the level of the Buhaira governorate exposes crop farms (potatoes, tomatoes, dry white beans, and super pulp watermelons) to losses estimated at (12641, 1931, 17740, 2931) thousand pounds, respectively. Therefore, farmers of these crops can, by not wasting the resources used in the production process and by redistributing those resources used, reduce the production costs of the crop (potatoes, tomatoes, dry white beans, super pulp watermelons) at the level of the cultivated area in agricultural associations by about (1456, 684, 886, 358) thousand pounds, respectively, and at the level of the centers representing the research sample, they amounted to about (8037, 839, 8450, 1344) thousand pounds, and at the level of the Buhaira governorate (13967, 1503, 15522, 3197) thousand pounds, respectively, while maintaining the same level. from production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arab Journal of Plant Protection is the property of Arab Society for Plant Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Economics & Social Sciences is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The agricultural pattern is the basis of agricultural as it contributes to the development of industry and provide and the population with food and feed for animals. The agricultural pattern is characterized by specialization that makes agriculture commercial in nature. It specializes in a specific type of agriculture according to natural or human regions suitable for growing the crop. A large area provides a greater proportion of those crops planted, when a specialization in agriculture and spread patterns of agricultural decrease importing from other countries specialized in some crops exclusively. The results for many of the most important limited agriculture in the patterns of agricultural production in order to bridge the need for domestic consumption. The impact of dry climate causes sometimes loss of agricultural crops or reduce its output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]