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The risk of P. equorum infection in horses remains critical. Little studies were conducted to investigate prevalence and molecular analysis of P. equorum in Baghdad city, Iraq. In this study traditional detection followed by molecular technique depending on ITS-2 region were used as an attempt to evaluate this nuclear region as a genetic marker to diagnose the parasitic infection. One hundred and thirty-eight fecal samples of horses were collected and examined by direct wet mount smears, floatation method by NaCl. Extraction of genomic material, nested PCR was done followed by phylogenic analysis depending on ITS-2 region performed for the first time in Iraq and genetic substitutions to analyze Iraqi horses. Nested PCR were done after determining the total infection rate 6.52% by conventional technique, including 3.84% in males and 10% in females with significant difference. Highly infection rate 11.42% was recorded in the age group under 2 years and the lower infection rate 4% was found in the age group between 2-4 years with significant difference. The Iraqi isolates were recorded in the Gen Bank under the accession numbers MZ400507.1, MZ400508.1, MZ400509.1, and MZ4005010.1; while, phylogenetic analysis recorded an identity range between 97-100% with China, Australia and USA isolates. P. equorum is more distributed in younger horses than elderly in Baghdad city and ITS-2 region is a certain molecular marker for detection P. equorum isolates in Iraqi horses.

Haemonchus contortus one of gastrointestinal helminthes characterized by miner intraspecific variation and a major variation among species which exploited to determine species simultaneously depend on PCR techniques, by amplification of DNA from parasites so goal of study was traditional and molecular detection of this parasite in sheep. Experiment was conducted using adult worms collected from abomasum of sheep obtained from abattoir in Babylon province. All worms divided into two groups, first group for morphological study and second group stored in 70% ethanol for DNA extraction, ITS-2 spacer and 28S gene were amplified using PCR technique sequenced and analysis with a phylogenic tree.According to the available data this study recordedHaemonchus contortus in sheep depend on ITS-2 spacer and 28S gene sequences for the first time in Iraq with accession no. LC552170 and LC552171 using molecular data.The phylogeny analysis depended on ITS-2 spacer and 28S gene partial sequences were closely related and high identity 94% with Germany H. similis sequence MN708992.1 and 93% identity with New-Zealand and Austria H. contortus sequence KC998713.1 and KJ724288.1 respectively, with a low genetic variation among all comparison sequenced isolates.