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With the collapse of many organizations, many researchers are increasingly paying attention to such phenomenon. But ethical issues are not always clear cut; there are many grey areas that need to be threaded with care by organizations. To determine whether an action or decision is ethically carried out, ethical theories, developed mainly by Western scholars, are the current theoretical framework organizations have at their disposal. Theories such as relativism, utilitarianism, egoism, deontology, the divine command theory, and the virtue ethics, are all products of Western understanding of what ethics are and how they are applicable to help one’s decision making process. Despite their utility, this paper intends to argue that the Western concepts and understanding of what ethics are limited and incomprehensive in explaining what is right and what is wrong. In its place, this paper argues that to understand the concepts of ethics that can extend beyond time and space. It has to be analysed from an Islamic perspective. Toward this purpose, this paper will compare and contrast between Islamic and Western perspectives of ethics, and highlight the main weaknesses and limitations of the former. Then, an argument on why Islam can provide the best understanding of ethics will be made.

Müslüman Türkiye'nin tarihi arka planınin kapsamlı bir açıklamasını yapmak için, ilk dönem İslam'ına gitmek zorunludur. Suriye'nin fethinden sonra, Araplar, kendi sınırlarını kuzeye doğru genişletmeyi başaramadılar. Bizans imparatorluğu kendi topraklarını savunacak kadar güçlüydü. Yine de, Araplar 52-54/672-6741 tarihlerinde yedi yıl boyunca Kostantinya'nın kuzeyindeki Arward adasına yaptıklan gibi Bizans'a baskınlannı devam ettirdiler.2 54-55/674-675 tarihleri arasındaki bir başka hücum kış boyu sürdü3 ve bu dönemde meşhur Abdullah el-Battal hücumları da olmuştu.4 Ancak Emeviler, İran, Türkistan, Ermenistan ve Hindistan'ın bir kısmının hakimiyetine neden olacak olan doğu fetihlerine daha fazla ilgi duymaktaydılar.

Banks in Malaysia offer gold investment accounts to customers who will make deposits when prices of gold are low and withdraw ata profit when prices rise. The objective of this paper is to determine the major differences and similarities between the nature of gold investment accounts operation in Islamic bank, Kuwait Finance House (M) Berhad (KFH) and the conventional bank, Maybank Berhad tocome up with the best options between their two products. This research adopts the qualitative method as the main research methodology. The information on gold investment accounts are gained from semi-structured interviews conducted with bankers in these two banks that are directly involved in the operation. This research discovered that the gold investment account offered by KFH is the best choice as compared to Maybank Berhad because the subject matter which is gold exists during the transaction between the depositor and the bank. Thus, it provides safety for the customer to possess a real physical gold. The clarification in this research will help the public to decide the best preference in gold investment either inIslamic or conventional bank.

The objective of this work was to study the changes in the moisture content of the leaves and heads of sunflower plant during growth stages under hardening conditions to drought tolerance . Field experiment was carried out during the spring season of 2000 and 2001. Asplit-split plots design was used with three replications. The main plots included irrigation treatments:irrigation to 100%(full irrigation), 75and50%of available water.The sub plots were the cultivars Euroflor and Flame.The sub-sub plots represented four seed soaking treatments :Control (unsoaked), soaking in water ,Paclobutrazol solution(250ppm),and Pix solution (500ppm). The soaking continued for 24 hours then seeds were dried at room temperature until they regained their original weight. Amount of water for each irrigation were calculated to satisfy water depletion in soil using a neutron meter. Results indicated that moisture content of the leaves was not affected by irrigation treatments .While full irrigation and stress 600 Kp increased moisture content of heads by 1.69 and 2.44%, respectively than stress 800Kp after 58 days from planting in the season 2001.Full irrigation was superior over stress 600 and 800 Kp by 3.66and 1.52% after 72 days from planting as a mean of seasons. Euroflor was superior over Flame in the moisture content of its leaves after86 days from planting by 5.34% in the season of 2001 and by 2.76% as a mean of seasons , and superior in moisture content of its heads by 2.79% in the season of 2001. Soaking in water , paclobutrazol and pix solutions increased moisture content of sunflower leaves by 3.73,2.65 and 4.13% after 58 days from planting as a mean of seasons, and increased moisture content of sunflower heads by 4.05, 5.12 and 5.44% after 58 days from planting in the season 2000 , and by 2.80, 3.09 and 2.86% in the seasons of 2001 compared with unsoaked treatment. In conclusion , soaking the seeds presowing in water or plant growth regulators could improve water relations of the leaves and heads of sunflower plants , which lead to increase flowering, setting and filling of seeds during drought periods.