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Copyright of Arts for Linguistic & Literary Studies is the property of Thamar University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the College Of Basic Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Humanities & Educational Sciences Journal is the property of Humanities & Educational Sciences Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Anbar University for Languages & Literature / Magallat Gami'at Al-Anbar Li-Lugat Wa-al-Adabl is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of IUG Journal of Islamic Studies is the property of Islamic University of Gaza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arts Magazine is the property of Thamar University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Al-Frahids Arts is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the research is to identify the results of evaluating the teaching performance of mathematics teachers of (5-12) virtual classes in the light of the (4MAT) McCarthy's Model Standards from the point of view of educational supervisors in the Gaza Strip during the Covid-19 pandemic. It also aims to identify the extent of the difference in their teaching performance according to the variables (qualification, experience, school area). The research used the descriptive analytical method, and the research sample consisted of (28) educational supervisors, to whom questionnaire was applied as a research tool. The research found a list of the (4MAT) McCarthy's model standards, which consisted of (4) standards; it included (28) indicators, the research showed that the results of evaluating the teaching performance of mathematics teachers for (5 - 12) virtual classes in the light of the (4MAT) McCarthy's Model Standards from the point of view of educational supervisors are medium, and there are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance )α= 0.05) in the teaching performance of mathematics teachers for (5 - 12) virtual classes in the light of the (4MAT) McCarthy's Model Standards from the point of view of educational supervisors in the Gaza Strip due to the variables of qualification, experience, and school area. The research recommended the necessity of training mathematics teachers for (5 - 12) virtual classes to use the (4MAT) McCarthy's model in teaching mathematics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Mustansiriya Journal of Arts is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Basic Education College Magazine For Educational & Humanities Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research deals with the causes of descent in terms of the definition of the reason language and terminology with the importance of knowing the reasons for descent and the care of his companions and followers, as well as the search for the efforts of Al-Alama in the care of the causes of descent and review the research the most important books written in the reasons of descent old and recent novel and knowledge and the impact of the causes of descent Interpretation of the Koran in support of the Quranic verses The research presents the conclusion of the research, which presents the most important findings and recommendations and then the list of sources and references on which the research was based. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research deals with the causes of descent in terms of the definition of the reason language and terminology with the importance of knowing the reasons for descent and the care of his companions and followers, as well as the search for the efforts of Al-Alama in the care of the causes of descent and review the research the most important books written in the reasons of descent old and recent novel and knowledge and the impact of the causes of descent Interpretation of the Koran in support of the Quranic verses The research presents the conclusion of the research, which presents the most important findings and recommendations and then the list of sources and references on which the research was based. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims at shedding light on some models of smartphones applications that can be used in rendering university library services. In addition to the Obstacles, requirements and the way it works. The study was based on the descriptive approach to obtain data referring to the smart services in these libraries; through observation and interview results that showed that all of the eight universities, provided five services through smart phones, represented by the link to the Online Public Access Library Catalogue through QR-Code in the American University of Beiryt Libarries, and Beirut Arab University libraries, and Whatsapp, in the American University of Beirut, and the Lebanese American University Libraries. In addition, all university libraries had Mobile - Responisve web pages. At the end, the study came up with a set of recommendations and suggestions to enhance the concept of rendering univeristy library services via smart phones, such as modifying the Ranganathan principles in line with the requirements of the era of smart revolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study attempts to identify the reality of the computerization of Algerian university libraries through the experience of the Central Library of M’sila University; by monitoring the views of librarians about this experience and their assessment. The study used the descriptive approach. The study found that this experience has been relatively successful, particularly in establishing the library catalog and make this catalog online for the users. But, the library is still suffering from many problems and face significant challenges; which require a new assessment and follow-up. And thus make more efforts to develop them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Islamic Sciences (22259732) is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study aimed at figuring out its reality of applying cataloguing in the library of Faculty of Human Sciences at the University of Mohamed Boudiaf in Msila, and at knowing its modern developments in the field of descriptive cataloguing. A case study method was used to collect data and to analyze them. The study comes at a set of results such as: the library of the Faculty of Human Sciences at the University of Mohamed Boudiaf in Msila relies on automated cataloguing only and there is a lack of traditional cataloguing, as this cataloguing is available on university website for beneficiaries, so it can be viewed at any time and at any place, the library doesn't give big importance to training, so no library staff received any training session neither in the field of library services nor in the field of cataloguing, and that contributed in the existence of many problems and difficulties from witch the employees suffer. The main reasons of difficulties they face, in addition to the lack of their submission to training sessions, are the lack of coopreation between libraries in the field of cataloguing, the lack of experience among employees during their work, and also the study shows that the library staff are familiar with the developments in the rules of descriptive cataloguing, mainly the automated one, because of their specialization and to develop their knowledge through self-development. In the light of these results, the study came to a set of recommendations as: the necessity for the library staff to be submitted to training sessions in order to improve their levels, to face difficulties they meet during the cataloguing process, to add and to invent rules compatible with its contents and its beneficiaries in order to improve services, to answer the researchers' requirements and improve the advancement of scientific research in the Algerian University. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Iraqi Journal of Information Technology is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to identify the most important features of available Algerian university libraries on-line catalogs from different aspects of dealing with the capabilities of information search and retrieval, as well as aspects of enriching the content of these catalogs and to identify the used automated systems, and to determine the difficulties faced when searching them, through finding out the differences between these catalogues and the impact of content enrichment services on retrieved information. In order to collect the necessary data, a survey was conducted in which observation and experiment were adopted as two basic tools for collecting data using the survey method. The sample included 27 university libraries out of a total population of 50 libraries, which were deliberately selected and include libraries that actually allow their catalogs. The results indicated that either the PMB system or the Syngeb system was adopted by most libraries to enable their online catalog. The results also found that the research is one of the most important difficulties facing users because it is not possible to search the content of all the bibliographic records’ fields. Concerning content enrichment, however, was limited to 3 elements including cover photos, abstracts and full text, if any. Based on these findings, the study presented a set of recommendations; the most important of them consists of a proposal for the adoption of a project to enrich documents, especially those published in Arabic, by the National Library since the latter issues the legal deposit and collects documentary collections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study is to present the Z39.50 standard as a tool that is still efficient in conducting search and retrieval operations within various systems. To achieve this goal, this standard is reviewed from different angles, including the historical dimension, the problems and advantages of this standard, the Z39.50 standard and the World Wide Web protocol. TCP/IP, and the services available through the Z39.50 standard, and its various applications in libraries and information centers, while looking at future prospects in the near future for this standard, which is represented by the emergence of its new generation called ZING (Z39.50 InternationalNext Generation).

The research aims to evaluate the reality of Arab library catalogs available via the Internet in light of the set of principles and recommendations that emerged from the working committee formed by the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA). The set of principles and recommendations related to screens displaying bibliographic records and their content - numbering 38 recommendations - were contained within three The main categories are: user desires, which included 12 recommendations, bibliographic content and ways of organizing it, which included 25 recommendations, and standardization. One recommendation was included in this category. However, this number has doubled to reach 88 evaluation elements formulated by the researcher in the checklist for the research. The research included three axes: the first is a methodological introduction to the research, the second is the theoretical framework that addresses these principles, and the third is the application of the principles and guidelines to the catalogs of Arab libraries.