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This paper presents the results of twelve shear tests carried out on simply supported rectangular beams, with a shear span to depth ratio (a/d) of 2.4, under a single concentrated load. Six of the beams contained conventional stirrups and six beams were reinforced with steel fibers as web reinforcement. The parameters were: the effect of fiber volume content (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%), fiber type (end-hooked or corrugated), and the presence of minimum stirrups. The beam span, beam dimensions, shear span to depth ratio (a/d), and percentage of longitudinal reinforcement were all kept constant. Beam deflection, steel strains, crack propagation, and failure modes were recorded for all the tested beams. The test results showed that the stress at shear cracking and the ultimate shear stress increased with increasing the fiber volume content. When steel fibers with a content of 1.5% were added to the beams with minimum stirrups, the brittle shear failure was changed to ductile flexure failure. The test results were used to evaluate existing empirical equations estimating the shear strength of steel fiber-reinforced concrete beams without stirrups. The evaluation indicated that the equations proposed by Narayanan and Darwish 1987 and Kara 2013 provided the most accurate estimation when compared to the test results.

Technological development, the modern scientific revolution in electrons, and optical devices that depend in their use on the idea of wave transmission, this idea was employed in the field of plastic art, and it developed at a tremendous speed in Europe and America due to the uses of technological applications of this science. The various light technologies have supported the concepts, language and methods of many artists, and have become means for creating works of light art, by linking the characteristics and techniques of light and defining what is the aesthetic perception of light. Forming material at work, technology has become an important component of the creative process And the relationship between it and art is as old as man on the surface of the earth, where art is the product of interaction between man and society, and technology affects the artist’s thought and philosophy, as the experimental aspect developed in his works, which led to a great development in the arts of drawing, sculpture and photography, or in other words in the arts in general to the emergence of New materials for construction and manufactured alternatives to media, whether they are two-dimensional or three-dimensional.

This paper considers the place of ecology and environmentalist thought in Paul Muldoon’s postcolonial poetry. Employing the principles of postcolonial ecocriticism, the study throws light upon Muldoon’s poetical works where the Irish-American poet tries to preserve his native agricultural identity and tradition in face of the global Anglo-American culture. In most of his verse volumes, Muldoon mentions agrarian and green aspects as well as native rustic jargon, which helps enliven and strengthen his native Irish roots, and shield the Gaelic region’s distinct cultural and linguistic heritage. The poet’s portrayal of local landscape phenomena entails intellectual and emotional intimacy. He is personally attached to Irish ecological spots, and they are venues in which he finds a considerably remarkable meaning ,i.e., solid ground on which the anti-conquest’s cultural-lingual resistance stands. The private ( and public) worth of this georgic atmosphere helps foster both the poet’s and his natives’ stance against a plotted process of naturalization. Muldoon’s poems, too, show how postcolonial corporeal and cultural effect endeavours to boom throughout human and environmental worlds.

the study we are facing now is Concerned with the political and commercial role is not of a layer of strata of society Bukhari in the first three centuries of migration , but a prominent family within the layer City " Bukhara " Dealers, namely the family of Al Kzqth (1) , and to study the history of this family- At those Afattrh- privacy Considerations First: that each household Kzqth is one of the families that have contributed to the formation of the political life of the city, " Bukhara " such as Islam and throughout the study period that we set in the address , however, their history has not received sufficient historical studies by researchers and specialists in the history of that region Secondly, that the search addresses in part the commercial activity of the city, " Bukhara " , focuses on the role of each Kzqth in the economic and financial life , and the impact of this family on the prosperity of internal and foreign trade markets. The spin axes of this research on the following capture : 1- First: the definition of al Kzqth 2- Second: Al Kzqth and political " Bukhara - Qutaiba and his efforts in spreading the Islamic religion inter-communal Bukhari - Join Al Kzqth movements against the Umayyad - Al Kzqth and movements of Shiism family of the house and the tendency to heresy - The relations btwen Al Kzqth and independent Statelet in " Bukhara " 3- Third: the role of Al Kzqth in commercial activity in Bukhar

الأهداف: بيان مفهوم المدن الذكية وركائزها وخصائصها التي تميزها عن المدن التقليدية، وطبيعة الهجمات السيبرانية الواقعة عليها، وأسباب تزايدها، خاصة هجمات الإرهاب السيبراني والحروب السيبرانية، مع تحديد الطبيعة القانونية لكل تلك الهجمات، وبيان طرائق مكافحتها، مع وضع التوصيات اللازمة. المنهجية: المنهج الاستقرائي باستقراء حقيقة المدن الذكية وطبيعة الشرطة الذكية القائمة على حمايتها، ودورها في مكافحة جرائم الإرهاب السيبراني والحروب السيبرانية التي ترتكب ضد تلك المدن، واستقراء حقيقة منظومة الأمن السيبراني المقررة لحمايتها جراء تلك الهجمات. كما تم استخدام المنهج التحليلي المقارن بتحليل ومقارنة طبيعة الهجمات السيبرانية، وأسباب تزايدها رغم وجود منظومات الأمن السيبراني والتطبيقات الذكية وأنظمة الذكاء الاصطناعي لشرطة تلك المدن. كما اعتمدت الدراسة على تحليل نصوص تشريعات تنظيم الشرطة الذكية لدولة الإمارات لاستخلاص الأحكام العامة التي تنظم عملها، مع عقد مقارنة بين تجارب بعض الدول ودولة الإمارات في مجال الشرطة الذكية، للوقوف على مدى النجاح في مكافحة جرائم تلك الهجمات أو الحد من ارتكابها. النتائج: صراع التقنيات وضعف منظومة الأمن السيبراني يُعد العامل الجوهري والأساسي لتزايد جرائم الهجمات السيبرانية المرتكبة ضد البنى التحتية للمدن الذكية، وأن الإرهاب السيبراني والحروب السيبرانية يُعدان من أكبر التهديدات للأمن القومي للمدن الذكية، وهناك صعوبة بالغة لتحديد الطبيعة القانونية لكل منهما. لذا فإن تحقيق الأمن المادي يُعد خط الدفاع الأول لتعزيز وحماية مرافق الأمن القومي السيبراني للبني التحتية للمدن الذكية. الخلاصة: تُوصي الدراسة بعدم استيراد منظومات الحماية الجاهزة الخاصة بالأمن السيبراني لخطورتها على الأمن القومي للدول، كما تُشدد على ضرورة تعزيز ونشر ثقافة الأمن السيبراني لدى مواطني المدن الذكية.