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Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arts for Linguistic & Literary Studies is the property of Thamar University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Academy is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Bahith Al-Aalami is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Academy is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cet article a pour but de présenter les résultats d’une enquête par questionnaire menée auprès des étudiants universitaires algériens, visant à identifier leurs représentations quant à l’implantation de la pédagogie inversée en cours de FLE en période de post-pandémie de la Covid-19. Notre recherche consiste à dresser un état des lieux portant sur l’expérience des étudiants dans la modalité d’apprentissage hybride. Les résultats de notre recherche mettent en évidence, d’une part, l’avantage de la pédagogie inversée dans l’enseignement/apprentissage du FLE et, d’autre part, les difficultés rencontrées par les étudiants lors de la mise en œuvre de ladite pédagogie. Abstract The aim of this article is to present the results of a questionnaire survey carried out among Algerian university students on their representations of the implementation of flipped pedagogy in French as a foreign language courses in the post-pandemic period of covid-19; the aim of our research is to take stock of student’s experience of this hybrid learning modality. The results of our research highlight, on the one hand, the advantages of flipped pedagogy in the teaching/learning of french as a foreign language and, on the other hand, the difficulties encountered by students when implementing this hybrid pedagogy.

The research tagged (Representations of Contemporary Technologies in Graphic Art) deals with the dialectical relationship between the diversifications of technologies within their temporal developments and the structure of graphic work, especially in our current era and the huge openness of digital technologies and their cultural influences in thought and their functional deliberations in life and their aesthetic representations in art. This faces a cognitive tangle and questions represented in: 1. What is the cognitive space of graphic techniques between the primitive and contemporary edges? 2. How did reproduction replace the original in contemporary circulation? The importance of the research is represented in the following points: 1. The research deals with one of the forms of arts whose historical presence has indicated through time and space. 2. The research seeks to seriously explore the roots of an artistic phenomenon seeking to innovate manifestations of the beautiful always. 3. The research monitors and analyzes the phenomenon of archaeological transition from immanent to transcendental. The boundaries of the research receded between the early days of the spread of digital technologies in the visual arts, including graphics, and the researcher chose the year 1970 to the year 2023 to contain the research problem from its beginnings to its conclusions. Therefore, to the basic indicators reported in the third chapter, which dealt with three distinct models as a research sample, and concluded from its analysis to the results of the research that were discussed in the fourth chapter, and the researcher drew conclusions from them and identified recommendations and proposals.

Racism is barbaric practices based on prejudice and intolerant behaviors and is based on the persecution and marginalization of individuals or groups for reasons such as differences in religion, color, race, language or culture. It consists of four chapters. The first chapter is devoted to the causes and problem of the research, represented by the following question: How was the anti-racism represented in contemporary formation? The research also aims to identify the representations of the object of anti-racism in the contemporary formation, while the objective boundaries represented in the artworks of artists that carried representations of racism were identified, and the temporal boundaries included the works of art completed in the period (1818-2020). As for the second chapter, which is represented by the theoretical framework and previous studies And it included three topics, where the first topic was devoted (a reading in the concept of racism and its rejection), and what came in the second topic is anti-racism in the history of contemporary formation, while the third chapter concerned the research procedures, and the researcher included the research community in the light of which the research sample was selected, as well In the research tool, the researcher relied on the results of the indicators in the theoretical framework, which is considered the basis of the analysis, in addition to the observation tool, which is one of the tools of the descriptive approach. The fourth chapter included the results, conclusions, recommendations, and proposals.

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT: Our contribution is part of an in-depth reflection on foreign language teaching, specifically in the field of literature didactics, with a focus on the reading of literary works. Our approach is based on an analytical examination of the perceptions of first-year French language students regarding the comprehensive reading of literary works. The objective of this study is to explore the phenomenon of reluctance to read literary works in their entirety. To achieve this, we chose to investigate students' representations through a questionnaire-debate, aiming to examine to what extent these representations influence their decision to forego the complete reading of literary works, a trend observed among many university students. RÉSUMÉ : Notre contribution s'inscrit dans le cadre d'une réflexion approfondie sur l'enseignement des langues étrangères, plus spécifiquement dans le domaine de la didactique de la littérature, en mettant l'accent sur la lecture des œuvres littéraires. Notre démarche repose sur une approche analytique des perceptions des étudiants en première année de licence de français à l'égard de la lecture intégrale des œuvres littéraires. L'objectif de cette étude est d'explorer le phénomène de la réticence à lire les œuvres littéraires dans leur intégralité. Pour ce faire, nous avons choisi d'interroger les représentations des étudiants au moyen d'un questionnaire-débat, dans le but d'examiner dans quelle mesure ces représentations influencent leur décision de renoncer à la lecture des œuvres littéraires, une tendance observée chez de nombreux étudiants universitaires.

Copyright of International Journal on Humanities & Social Sciences is the property of International Journal on Humanities & Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Academy is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Nabo is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Omran for Social Sciences is the property of Arab Center for Research & Policy Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Nabo is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Academy is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sociolinguistic Contrast between the North and the South of Algeria – Sociocultural Dynamics and Dialectal Variations, Case of Two Families from Adrar settled in Tlemcen ABSTRACT: The Maghreb countries are known for their linguistic diversity due to ethnic mixing and the different waves of migration brought by Islamic conquests and colonial constraints. Today, each city and each region bears within them, to different degrees, the marks of this history which is rather combined in the plural. This contribution focuses on the correlation between social mobility and dialectal variety to justify certain phenomena such as transculturalism and bidialectism cause of phonetic distortions and semantic changes. An investigation is proposed to validate these phenomena. RÉSUMÉ : Les pays du Maghreb sont connus pour leurs diversités linguistiques dues au brassage ethnique et aux différentes vagues migratoires apportées par les conquêtes islamiques et les invasions coloniales. Aujourd’hui, chaque ville et chaque région porte en elles, à des degrés différents, les marques de cette histoire qui se conjugue plutôt au pluriel. Cette contribution s’intéresse à la corrélation entre mobilité sociale et variété dialectale pour justifier certains phénomènes tels que la transculturation et le bidialectisme, causes de distorsions phonétiques et de changements sémantiques. Une enquête de terrain est proposée pour analyser et comprendre ces phénomènes

Copyright of Adab Al-Kufa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Nabo is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Nabo is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Académique des Études Sociales et Humaines is the property of Hassif Benbouali University of Chlef and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Larq Journal for Philosophy, Linguistics & Social Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Nabo is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of REMAH Journal is the property of Research & Development of Human Recourses Center (REMAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Larq Journal for Philosophy, Linguistics & Social Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study deals with how women are represented and the qualities and implications of this representation in the behavior of the hero in Hazrat Al-Mohtarm (1975) by Naguib Mahfouz, which is a novel that presents a very complex human experience. As for why the woman is in this novel, the woman achieves a remarkable presence in the life of the protagonist, Othman Bayoumi, who bestows special developments on his life that elicits his reactions to life's issues and manifestations, and then in the representation of the idea of work and its remarkable embodiment. The study deals with the idea of representations through four main axes: representations of sin, representations of desire, representations of sincere love, and representations of disappointment and loss. So access to the hero comes through an understanding of the dimensions of the woman's personality in the novel. The women of "Othman Bayoumi" were distributed on these four axes: Sayyidah, Qadria, Sunni, Asilah, Ansiyah, and Radaa. The study attempts to address the following questions: To what extent does the presence of women in this novel form a balance between the semantic and the artistic? What is the peculiarity of the presence of women in the novel? What effect does the presence of women have on shaping the features of the main character? What is the position that this representation appears in the novel? This article explores these ideas through the concepts of narratives in analyzing the characters at different levels: psychological, cultural, and feminist dimensions. The reflections of minor characters help shape and develop the protagonist of the novel. The study concludes that language highlights the effect of the personality on the realization of the idea of the text, as the presence of the woman decides the features of the protagonist in its semantic and artistic dimensions, and that the privacy of the woman appears in parallel with the specificity of the job and her delusions, which creates an exciting attraction between the presence of women and the job in one context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of REMAH Journal is the property of Research & Development of Human Recourses Center (REMAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Arab American University is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Surra Man Raa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Academy is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

L’interculturel n’est pas un simple acte de tolérance et d’ouverture sur l’autre, mais une reconsidération de ses certitudes qui mène à prendre conscience de son ethnocentrisme, à envisager son système culturel comme relatif et à légitimer toutes les autres cultures. Il repose également sur un savoir culturel mais le dépasse car il implique le côté psychoaffectif de par l’attitude empathique qu’il exige. Cette démarche est toujours ardue car elle se base sur la confrontation identitaire qui engendre de la résistance et fait ressortir les tendances ethnocentriques du Moi. Etant donné la complexité de cette notion qui nécessité d’aiguiser la conscience de l’altérité, nous nous interrogeons pour savoir si les conditions sont propices pour son implantation dans la classe de français au Maroc.

Copyright of Dirasat Tarbawiya is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dirasat Tarbawiya is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annals of Arts & Languages is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Ameed Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Nabo is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Iraqi novel has witnessed a remarkable development, and a continuous increase The Iraqi novelist’s achievement witnessed several transformations, whether at the level of the topics it presented or at the level of pioneering new areas of experimentation, and the novel is the most important narrative art among all the narration arts. It is due to its distinctive architecture, and its uniqueness, in addition to being better able to portray people's concerns and address their social problems. The narrative text represents a large arena in which contradictory ideas, multiple philosophies, and many opinions converge. Due to the complexity of the events expressed on the one hand, and the multiplicity of conflicting personalities on the other hand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Academy is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Academy is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Academy is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cet article rend compte de l’intégration du ludique en classe de langue au cycle primaire algérien ; il se propose de situer l’introduction des activités ludiques du point de vue des perspectives pour la classe de FLE. Une enquête par questionnaire a été menée afin de mettre en exergue les représentations qui ont cours chez les enseignants de français du cycle primaire. Nous nous sommes penchés, à partir de l’analyse des données recueillies, sur la variété des supports ludiques préférés, les fréquences d’utilisation, les conditions et les moments opportuns pour le recours aux activités ludiques. Nous avons relevé les intérêts, les difficultés ainsi que les limites de l’intégration des activités ludiques dans notre contexte d’enseignement/apprentissage du français.

Cet article examine la relation intrinsèque entre la langue et la culture. Il s’y agit de comprendre et d’expliciter, dans quelle mesure, la langue, la culture et la vision du monde du traducteur sont intimement liées. Certes, la langue est à l’origine de la réflexion de la vision du monde dans une société donnée. D’ailleurs, tout travail de médiation inter-linguistique implique l’intégration d’une nouvelle culture, parallèlement à l’appropriation d’un nouveau code linguistique ; et c’est toute l’affaire de la traduction. Cette étude essaie ainsi de montrer la difficulté du passage du français vers l’arabe dans le processus de la traduction surtout lorsqu’on observe les différences de la société, les coutumes, les traditions et l’environnement culturel issus de chacune des langues en question. Donc, dans de telles divergences culturelles, comment traduire une expérience et une réalité par des manifestations linguistiques différentes, issues d’une autre culture, d’une autre histoire et d’une autre réalité sociétale ? Autrement dit : La traduction interculturelle est-elle possible ? Notre article va démontrer que le travail du traducteur dans ce cas n’est pas seulement un transfert linéaire des idées mais aussi une adaptation de deux cultures, de deux langues et de deux nations. Ainsi, la traduction n’est pas seulement une opération linguistique, mais elle doit être prise dans un ensemble d’interrelations sociales et culturelles, d’abord au sein de sa propre culture, et ensuite entre les cultures étrangères en présence. Alors c’est une affaire de convergence des cultures : un moyen de rapprochement de vision du monde et d’ouverture culturelle.

L’article vise à mettre en lumière deux types de représentations : une représentation sociale et une représentation culturelle des différentes langues nationales mauritaniennes. Ressortir ces représentations nous permet de comprendre la relation que les différentes communautés linguistiques établissent avec les langues nationales et la façon dont ils les pensent et les conçoivent. La langue est un marqueur identitaire très important en Mauritanie. Avoir le hassaniya, le pulaar, le soninké ou le wolof comme langue maternelle signifie qu’on appartient à ce groupe. Appartenir à un groupe implique directement la référence aux mêmes valeurs, partager les mêmes intérêts, les mêmes normes sociales et linguistiques. Enseigner ces langues nécessite un travail important en amont sur ces représentations. Cet article en dégage quelques-unes afin de les analyser pour contribuer à la mise en place d’un système éducatif qui tienne compte des langues nationales. Abstract This article aims to clarify two types of representations : A social representation and a cultural representation of the different national mauritanians’ languages. To write about these representations enables us to understand the relation that the different speech communities establish with the national languages and the way in which they think and conceive them. The language is a very important identity marker in Mauritania. To have the hassaniya, the pulaar, the soninké or the wolof as mother tongue means that one belongs to this group. It implies also to share the same interests, the same social norms and linguistics. To teach these languages requires an important work upstream on these representations. This article releases some from them in order to analyze them to contribute to the establishment of an education system which takes account of the national languages.

Copyright of Al-Alama / Al-ՙalāmaẗ is the property of University of Kasdi Merbah Ouargla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Larq Journal for Philosophy, Linguistics & Social Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)