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Copyright of Journal of the College Of Basic Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Surra Man Raa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rouya Turkiyyah is the property of Insight Turkey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the College Of Basic Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

يسلط هذا البحث الضوء على العلاقات الممتدة بين العرب والأتراك ومعرفة كل منهما لغة الآخر، كما أنه يمر بشكل سريع على تاريخ الترجمة بين اللغتين ويبرز دواعيه وأسبابه، ويظهر الحاجة لاستئناف حركة الترجمة وضرورة أن تكون من الطرفين ولا سيما في المجالات المشتركة لتكون عوناً لبناء تصورات صحيحة تقوم عليها علاقات صحية بعيداً عن التنميط والتعميم الذي ألقى بظلاله على الجانبين منذ سقوط الدولة العثمانية وما تلاه من تشكُّل الجمهوريات الحديثة إلى زمن قريب، كما أنه يشير للمتوفر من المترجَم وكميته ومدى صلاحيته في بناء مثل هذه التصورات، وفيه إشارة لبعض سلبيات الترجمة الحالية ومقترحات لتلافيها وتحسينها ضمن رؤية مُخَطط لها تنظِّم الجهود المبعثرة في هذا المجال وتضعها في أطر يحتاجها الباحث والقارئ وتلبي حاجة للمكتبة الثقافية. ويشير البحث للتطور التاريخي الذي لم تعد فيه الدوافع الدينية أو السياسية فقط حاجة للترجمة بين اللغتين كما كان الحال في معظم مراحل تاريخ العلاقات العربية التركية، حيث استجدت دوافع اقتصادية وعسكرية لتكون مع الدوافع العلمية والدينية والسياسية مجموعة دوافع تجعل الحاجة للترجمة أكثر أهمية.تم إعداد هذا البحث بالاشتراك بين باحثَين، حيث عرض الدكتور رمضان يلدرم للشق المتعلق بواقع الترجمة عن العربية وتاريخها في الفضاء التركي، وعرض الباحث إبراهيم إسماعيل للشق المتعلق بواقع الترجمة عن التركية وتاريخها في الفضاء العربي، وخرج البحث بنتائج تفيد بأن تراجم الأترك عن العربية ولا سيما في الشق المتعلق بالعلوم الشرعية والفكر الإسلامي غنية وهي نتيجة لتراكم جهود المترجمين منذ دخول الأتراك الإسلام وإلى اليوم، وفي المقابل فإن تراجم العرب عن التركية بدأت تنشط في القرن الماضي، وإن كانت في أغلبها في مجال الأدب والرواية؛ غير أنها بدأت تتوسع إلى مجالات أخرى في الفترة الماضية، وخُتم البحث بمجموعة من التوصيات أبرزها الدعوة للعناية بالمجالات المشتركة ومنها بطبيعة الحال ضرورة أن تكون الترجمة في هذه المجالات من الطرفين، فكما ترجم الأتراك أبرز مؤلفات الفكر الإسلامي الصادرة في القرنين الأخيرين في البلاد العربية إلى اللغة التركية؛ فينبغي كذلك أن تترجم إلى اللغة العربية أبرز أعمالهم العلمية في هذا المجال ولا سيما ما تم إنجازه في أكاديمياتهم العلمية في العقود الأخيرة، وفي هذه النقطة تحديداً نبَّه البحث للاستفادة من إمكانات الطلبة والأكاديميين خصوصاً مع وجود عدد كبير من الأكاديميين الأتراك العارفين بالعربية، ويقابلهم عدد كبير من الطلبة العرب في الجامعات التركية الذين باتوا في عداد العارفين باللغة التركية.

Copyright of Journal of Surra Man Raa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Surra Man Raa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The society in the Ziyari Emirate included many social elments and groups, including: the Persians, the Turks, the Kurds and the Arabs, as well as the dhimmis of Christians, Jews, and the Magi. The people of dhimma lived under their control a life of tolerance and freedom, the Ziyarid emirate represented them the golden age, so they lived next to the Muslims Religious. This study dealt with the definition of religious tolerance, the definition of the Ziyarat emirate and the statement of the princes’ tolerance towards the people of dhimma, and the basis of dealing with them and their conditions and how restrictions were lifted from them, and how they gave them complete freedom in worship, work and dealing with them on their holidays and special occasions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Alustath is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Bahith Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Kurdish movement began to emerge before the establishment of the modern Turkish Republic led by the fall of the Ottoman Empire, as the Kurdish region was shared by four countries, namely Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Syria, and this movement developed after the groups calling for independence and self-rule, became armed movements As a reaction to the modern policy pursued by Turkey with them, which aimed to dissolve the Kurdish identity in the Turkish identity, which was the emergence of the armed Turkish "PKK", which demanded the secession of the Turkish region of Kurdistan in southern Turkey and demanded the rights of the Turkish Kurds, which made the Turkish Kurdish issue a part of The internal problems in Turkey, including the security aspects, which were reflected on its foreign policies, as they take a regional and international dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Jordan Academy for Arabic is the property of Jordan Academy for Arabic and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rouya Turkiyyah is the property of Insight Turkey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rouya Turkiyyah is the property of Insight Turkey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Larq Journal for Philosophy, Linguistics & Social Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Political Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Basic Education College Magazine For Educational & Humanities Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Arab nationalism movement that arose at the end of Ottoman rule and demanded either complete independence for the Arabs or decentralization within the Ottoman Empire drew support from Iraqis, whether they lived in Istanbul or Iraq. It was founded in Istanbul in 1913 by Aziz Ali Al-Masry, Salim Al-Jazaery, Taha Al-Hashemi, and Nuri Al-Saeed. This group sought to establish a local Arab government, recognize Arabic as an official language, and collaborate with Turks in formulating the general policy of the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Magazine of Historical Studies & Archaeology is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research highlights the long-term relationships between Arabs and Turks and the level of knowledge between them in terms of their languages. In addition to that, the research rapidly reviews the history of the translation movement between Arabic and Turkish clarifying the reasons and needs behind that. The research shows to the need to continue with that translation movement and assures the necessity to be by the two nationalities, especially in the common areas between them to be a supporter factor in building clear and correct perceptions for the future relationship between them. This will help establish a healthy relationship between them, out of stereotyping and generalization, which negatively affect the relationships since the fall of the Ottoman Caliphate and the next era of the formation of modern republics. This research mentions the availability of the translation movement content in different sides; quality, quantity and accessibility in building those perceptions. On the other hand, the research mentions to the negative effects of some current content and the proposed methods of correcting and enhancing it in an arranged vision that support in organizing the current unplanned efforts in the translation sector. These efforts will help the researchers and readers to get this content in way that meets the need of the cultural library as well. Finally, the research highlights the historical development in the relationships between Arabs and Turks, where not only scientific, religious and political motives require the translation movement as it appears throughout the most stages of that relationship between any two nationalities, but also the two economic and military motives have also arisen. All that motives combined make the need for translation more important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rouya Turkiyyah is the property of Insight Turkey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rouya Turkiyyah is the property of Insight Turkey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Mustansiriya Journal of Arts is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of REMAH Journal is the property of Research & Development of Human Recourses Center (REMAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Surra Man Raa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Larq Journal for Philosophy, Linguistics & Social Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Magazine General Union of Arab Archaeologists is the property of General Union of Arab Archaeologists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of College of Education / Wasit is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of The Iraqi University is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of College of Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Surra Man Raa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Arab American University is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rouya Turkiyyah is the property of Insight Turkey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of College of Education / Wasit is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tārīkh-e Jahāngushāy-e Juvayni is a valuable book in the history of the Mongols, the Khwarazmian dynasty, and the Ismailis of Alamut by Ata Malik Juvayni. Because of the detailed historical and social issues of that period, names of many of the kings, ministers and great men of that time have been mentioned in the book and many of them are Turkish and Mongolian. Unfortunately, due to the lack of familiarity with the Turkish language, many of these names have been spelled incorrectly even among scholars of history and literature. They, in many cases, have misunderstood the meaning of those names. Given the importance of correct pronouncing of names in reading the text and understanding their correct meaning, this research is a library and field study based on the dictionary of Turkish words, and the use of logical linguistic reasons such as word root verification, referencing to synonyms, using in other sentences, and interviews with scholars from different Turkish speaking regions with the aim of explaining some names in this book and their relatively correct meanings. For this purpose, twenty-five names in this book that contained mistakes in other descriptions and articles in pronouncing or explaining their meaning and some names containing linguistic points were selected and explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of Ottoman-Iranian relations is very difficult, because the two countries are basically two political circles formed as a result of the immersion of multiple political configurations, both geographically and ethnically. At the beginning of the modern era, they reached the extent of their expansion, where their circles were close to each other until the conflict erupted between them on areas rich in economic wealth, or on areas that are strategic crossings between East and West, which made each circle overwhelm each other depending on the circumstances of power And weakness over a long time. The colonialism of the Ottoman and Iranian states was also an important cause of the military clashes between them, which led to the conclusion of many treaties and protocols for reconciliation between them, under direct and influential pressure from the two competing states over the Qajar sovereignty, Russia and Britain, due to the wide scope of their influence. As well as their common interests in each of the Ottoman and Qajar states. These protocols, which have been overturned by the Qajar state, undoubtedly explained their tendency to seize and expand whenever the opportunity arises. The importance of this research is that it sheds light on an important historical era in which the two countries concluded treaties and conventions that caused Iraq many of the border problems with the Persians and the Turks later, because he inherited a heavy legacy of problems. In addition to foreign interventions in crystallizing the events of this stage of political interactions and economic change in the relationships between the two countries, especially in the second half of the nineteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Al-Qadisiya In Arts & Educational Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rouya Turkiyyah is the property of Insight Turkey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rouya Turkiyyah is the property of Insight Turkey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Larq Journal for Philosophy, Linguistics & Social Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dirassat in Humanities & Social Sciences is the property of Research & Development of Human Recourses Center (REMAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The learning and teaching of Arabic language in many non-Arabic speaking countries face several obstacles which should be overcome in order to advance the Arabic language, especially in light of the migration of the Arabs to neighboring countries, among them Turkey. This paper intends to highlight the repercussions of the migration of these Syrian Arabs to Turkey in relation to the teaching of Arabic and its learning to non-native speakers and discussing the possible means to benefit from this situation to improve the teaching and learning of the language. Among the conclusions of the study are that the interaction between Arabic and Turkish languages intensifies as the two communities became closer; the spread of Arab in Turkey and other western countries is an ample opportunity to spread the learning and teaching of Arabic among the non-native speakers and also to strengthen Arabic in the souls of the immigrants in those countries; the Turkish government itself has issued rules and regulations that would help the learning and teaching of Arabic for nonnative speakers; only the correct policy can help to sustain Arabic from diminishing and being forgotten. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al Malweah for Archaeological & Historical Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of IUG Journal of Humanitarian Research is the property of Islamic University of Gaza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rouya Turkiyyah is the property of Insight Turkey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)