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Metal casting operation is branch of Engineering Sciences, which use to development the basic technical skills that are necessary to preparing the designer of metal furniture and constructions. Because of their abundance and low costs, many students turn to implementation their applications by using sand casting method. This usually results many problems, especially in casting surfaces, which affect adversely at function and aesthetics of the products that produced by this method. These problems are due to by two reasons: 1st castings lacking to basic design criteria that did not take at design process, and 2ed, technical errors in the operations of: modeling, molding, melting, feeding, and solidification. Although, it can solve many practical problem by some awareness and training for technicians, but it cannot solve design problems, unless the student learn how to following methodology and design criteria when he designing the castings. Hence, the research tries to prepare an analytical study to support the design criteria of metal castings with some technical limitations and engineering considerations, especially for sand casting products. This will provide innovative castings with most accurate results and high-quality of surfaces finishing, in the same time benefit of all advantages offered by mechanical, chemical or electrochemical methods in finishing operations. Therefore, the problem of research stems from: metal product produced by sand mold casting are lacking of design considerations and technical determinants that are impact negatively on the quality and accuracy of product finishing. then, the problem of research stems from trying to answer the following questions.1st What are the main problems faced students when designing products that produced by sand casting? 2ed what are the most important considerations to design, implement and finish metal castings with high quality? And 3ed is there a mechanism to measure the quality of finishing based on the quality of the design? Accordingly, the main aim of research is based on introducing an analytical study about design considerations and technical determinants of metal castings and studying their impact on the quality of product finishing. This aim will be achieved according to Inference descriptive analytical methodology that contains three topics: 1st Casting Process (concepts and techniques), 2ed Surface Finishing Quality in Applications of Casting Technology Course (Analytical Study) & 3ed Design considerations for improvement of surface quality of metal castings The research concluded with some results such as: The problems affecting the surface quality of castings vary, but most of them are under three main axes: (design problems, special problems of the material, problems with production methods and finishing) Cast defects are visible only after the mold has been frozen and removed from the mold. Proactive steps must be taken to avoid the expected problems to ensure the surface quality of cast The method of checking and optimizing castings depends on the nature of the characteristics and specifications to be obtained and the function for which they are designed. For example, the aesthetic characteristics are just examined by looking, and the structural characteristics need to be mechanical inspection before casting finishing The designer must be fully aware of the casting as a process of production and the problems that occur especially, which affect the quality of surface finishing in order to avoid these defects when starting to design and build the model When designing castings produced by sand casting, it is preferable to avoid sudden changes in thickness when designing different sections and take into consideration the gradual transition from large to small sections and the removal of high-walls as possible, and reducing communication between parts as much as possible When designing the cast and model, avoid sharp edges and corners and replace them with roundness, taking into account the dimensions of the holes and gaps, avoiding the sharp and straight angles and replacing them with angular angles Consider the addition of the necessary tolerances to the real dimensions represented in the shrinking thicknesses and finishing emphases which vary depending on the type of metal cast. Be as simple as possible and avoid complex forms.

The research discusses the problem of loss of identity in the designs on the Arab and Islamic heritage where non-observance of values and aesthetic design of proportions and dimensions and measurements at simulation Heritage styles which could lead to loss of identity design as well as the absence of a design standards help to revive old styles and here we need to answer the following question: What is the extent of the possibility of developing standards and norms to revive old styles and imitated? Through the following: Study design style settings and their impact in the design process. Conclusion and documenting design criteria and values of Mamluke architecture and methods applied to the modern buildings. The Mameluke style heritage values in the work of the internal design of heritage designs. The analysis and assessment of the impact evaluation of existing architectural elements of functional and shape and performance. Study the possibility of reviving the heritage building, commensurate with the values and standards of Mamluke heritage. The study deals with the research and analysis model heritage building, which is " Wekalet al Sultan al- Ghouri at Al Azhar district " because of its historical importance, as it is located within a group architectural built at the end of the Mameluke era due importance to it had been established in the era of Sultan al-Ashraf Abu al-Nasr Qansuh al-Ghouri who took over rule of Egypt from the year 1501 to the year 1516 has been built his important architectural group which Located at the end of the Ghuria Street and take the form of distinctive architectural block, take along one lines appear in all parts of the bloc's architecture. As for Wekalet al Sultan al- Ghouri is regarded as a model for what it was the agencies in that era fortunately, remained large part of it, which helped to repair and return its original El-Wekala was trade centers between the countries which required the presence of suites for visitors coming from different states to Cairo. Wekalet al Sultan al- Ghouri was characterized by the otheres that it has retained most of its elements architecture. This is the agency open Museum of mashrabiya art where the 29 masterpieces mashrabiya. This research paper examines also compared the values of heritage for El-Ghuri group before and after reviving where negatives and positives sides through design criteria style.

This study aimed to explore the perceptions of secondary school teachers in the State of Qatar toward the criteria for designing and evaluating e-learning and educational software in education in the independent secondary schools. A questionnaire was designed and validated, and was administered to a sample of 400 male and female secondary independent school teachers. The results revealed the following: High agreement among most of the teachers about the importance of the instructional design criteria for e-learning and educational software. A significant difference was found between male and female teachers in favor of male teachers; and a significant difference was found between those who attended computer workshops only and those who attended computer workshops plus ICDL, in favor of the latter group. No significant interactions were found for: gender by years of experience; gender by computer workshops; gender by major; years of experience by major; years of experience by computer workshops; and computer workshops by major. The results were interpreted and some recommendations and future studies were suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The compatibility and sustainability of desert architecture is the natural development for the desert community, they both shape a mechanism in order to seek the ecological balance between the desert community.The desert architecture is the same as old common desert community environments, that we can find that it has grew and developed in slow and steady way on the basis of compatibility and sustainability between man and the environment of desert community, which produced according to that forms of desert urbanism which has a local private imprint that indicates an accurate ecological balance for the desert community. The technological and economical progress by time to extension and linking the sustainable elements of desert architecture together, and this was reflected on the change of the design criteria of the desert architecture. In the context of the desert architecture affected by the modern era variables and that of the desert community’s image, the country aimed through a comprehensive strategic vision to prepare a development plans to achieve compatibility and sustainability of desert architecture, and exploitation of available natural resources in those areas, however, many of these desert communities were built on planning criteria and construction methods that did not apply accurate consideration to the impact of the change of the desert architecture’s design criteria, and the basics and criteria that is compatible to sustainability, also did not maintain of cultural privacy of the traditional desert community. The research study how much the sustainability criteria compatible on Ghadames Oasis as an application for the desert architecture in Libya, and how much we can get the basics and the criteria for the sustainable elements, and that’s through the impact of the change of the desert architecture’s design criteria to cope with the sustainable architecture in Libya, and how much it reacts with the surrounding environment. The research ended by presenting scientific results and recommendations and suggestions for how much the sustainability criteria is compatible with desert architecture and benefiting from the impact of change of the design criteria to keep up with sustainable architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]