Search

The research aims to identify the definition and concept of sustainable development, to identify who started the idea of sustainable development and when did the idea of sustainable development began, to identify the strategic goals of sustainable development of the United Nations 2030, to identify the extent to which sustainable development was achieved in Iraqi university libraries, and to identify the obstacles that Challenge achieving sustainable development in Iraqi university libraries, and developing proposals that help achieve sustainable development in Iraqi university libraries. As for the method used: the two researchers used in this research the descriptive and analytical method. This is due to its relevance to the nature of the research and its objectives. As for the most important results: 1- Adding a sustainable development unit in the structure of central university libraries to follow-up and the progress of achieving sustainable development goals, present and future. 2- The Iraqi central university libraries should work to amend their strategic objectives in accordance with the requirements and vision of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. 3- The university central libraries, the research sample, should host experts and academic and non-academic specialists in the fields of sustainable development for the purpose of holding workshops or lectures in order to achieve a part of the sustainable development strategy such as combating poverty and ignorance, creating health awareness, preserving the environment, ... etc. 4- It was noted that the majority of the strategic objectives of the university central libraries, the study sample, did not address the concept of sustainable development, or at least they were not modified in accordance with the 2030 Sustainable Development Strategy, which entered into force in 2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design and operation of any solar energy system requires a good knowledge of the solar radiation data in a location. This data finds application in agriculture, climatology, meteorology, etc. Since the solar radiation reaching the earth’s surface varies with climatic conditions of a place, a study of solar radiation under local climatic condition is essential. Global solar radiation is of economic importance as renewable energy alternatives. In this research 14 Iraqi climatic stations radiation data were used for the years 2013 to 2015. Data have been designed and calculated by using Excel. ArcGIS 10.2 is used for spatial interpolation and mapping activities. Surface radiation map have been generated by using ordinary kriging interpolation technique. Different models are tested, namely Spherical, Gaussian and Circular model. Creation of digital grid maps makes it possible to obtain climatic information at any point, whether there is a weather station or not. Results show that the spherical model outperforms Gaussian and circular models.