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This study uses Khawla Hamdi's novel In My Heart is a Hebrew Woman as a model for analysis. The novel has artistic value, particularly in its portrayal of religious dialogue and the argumentative techniques employed by the author, which promote peaceful coexistence and highlight significant challenges faced by Muslims in their relationships with others. The study aims to clarify the concept of religious dialogue and its elements, analyzing interreligious relationships through rational dialogue that fosters understanding. Additionally, the study examines the techniques used by the author to convey the narrative's thematic value within the structure of the text. A structural and pragmatic approach is employed to identify representations of religious dialogue, present the linguistic structure within the text, and showcase various methods of pragmatic argumentation. The study concludes that In My Heart is a Hebrew Woman serves as an important focal point for the circulation of verbal messages represented by the two poles of dialogue: the verbal sender and the verbal receiver. It found that the nature of religious dialogue varied depending on the characters in the text. The exploratory dialogue contributed to shaping the Jewish family's perspective toward the Muslim characters, "Rima" and "Nada." Furthermore, the textual determinants of the verbal message in the religious dialogue interacted with methods of rational protest, reinforcing the importance of coexistence between religions and advocating for a peaceful solution that upholds the freedom of religious thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Algerian Historical Journal is the property of Algerian Historical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dirasat: Shar'ia & Law Sciences is the property of University of Jordan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dirasat: Shar'ia & Law Sciences is the property of University of Jordan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dirasat: Human & Social Sciences is the property of University of Jordan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article focuses on the identity of Ghiyāth al-Dīn Naqqāsh and discusses different versions of his text (Ruznāma), its translations into Turkish and Western languages, and previous research. The article also discusses the contents of the Ruznāma, Timurid-Chinese relations and Ghiyāth al-Dīn Naqqāsh’s observations about Chinese customs, city planning, and the ceremonies of hospitality in China; and compares those details in other documents and sources studied by historians of Chinese civilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is done by taking the controversial issues related to theology between Ibn Taymiyyah and the Ash'aris, and I will suffice with the intrinsic and informative attributes, and I used the descriptive and analytical approach, in two topics starting from the intrinsic and informative attributes of Ibn Taymiyyah and the Ash'aris, then the reasons for the differences and ways of rapprochement, and the study concluded with the most important results: that both Ibn Taymiyyah and the Ash'aris want to sanctify God Almighty, which is the main reason for the difference, and also one of the most important reasons for their differences is the issue of taking interpretation and delegation or taking the apparent meaning, which is the doctrine of the righteous predecessors, and the most important ways of rapprochement is to look at the state of the nation and what it is in terms of weakness and division due to the differences of Muslims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Islamic Management & Leadership / Majallatul Edarah Wal Qiyadah Al-islamiah is the property of International Islamic Marketing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The interpretive approach that Al-Shahrastani highlighted and established in the methods of interpretation is the comparative research in the origins of interpretation and its methods, As the best ideal or ideal approach to be the pioneer in interpretation among the rest of the Islamic sects, Al-Shahrastani became acquainted with the interpretive approaches that arouse a spirit of disagreement among Muslims and tried to criticize and analyze them, As well as getting to know the interpretive approaches that confirm the spirit of unity and searching for its roots and origins, and benefiting from them. He discovered the interpretive approaches that were based on the interpretive approach or the interpretive source through serving the authority that was contemporary with it, whether it was a political authority, an intellectual or. Cultural authority,an ideological authority and so an. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Adab Al-Kufa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Adab Al-Kufa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Contemporary Islamic Thought / Al-Fikr al-Islāmī al-Muʿāṣir is the property of International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Contemporary Islamic Thought / Al-Fikr al-Islāmī al-Muʿāṣir is the property of International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main aim of this study is to examine the "citizenship in Islamic country in accordance with Islamic Sharia". In the precious religion of Islam, a person can acquire the citizenship of an Islamic state based on the Islamic faith or agreement. Obtaining citizenship in an Islamic country is an important topic, because the rights of Muslims and non-Muslims are protected on the basis of nationality. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate it. In this study, analytical method of research is used to reveal the important aspects of the subject. The holy religion of Islam is not ignoring the issue of citizenship, rather the principles of citizenship is given by Islam. But now there is not only one Islamic state or territory around the world and the world is divided into different geographical units, therefore the Islamic countries around the world are using the procedure which is popular and is known as a blood system of earth or land system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the College Of Basic Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Magazine General Union of Arab Archaeologists is the property of General Union of Arab Archaeologists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: This study aims to demonstrate the extent of the Holy Qur’an’s interest in building thought and its keenness to protect it from any influences. These verses in the Holy Quran build aciculums of facts faraway from deviation and study of myths. It treats the reasons deviation which make human deviation not just for person but for all society which threat Muslims and their security and thoughts in order to denigrate the fact of Islam which depend of the average thinking, feeling, behavior not allow and warning of violence and height or default dissolution of the duties that excuse Alwasatya Curriculum and moderation for both sides, Excessive duties its deviation which lead to bad things. Methods: In my study, I have employed a descriptive approach based on analysis to examine and explain the causes of intellectual deviation and how the H In my study, I have employed a descriptive approach based on analysis to examine. Results: I have reached explain the causes of intellectual deviation and how the Holy Qur’an addresses them through systematic, scientific principles. The Qur’an, free from falsehood, equips Muslims to confront misguided and deviant ideas, fortifying their sound thought. This fortification enables them to effectively counter any erroneous ideologies.oly Qur’an addresses them through systematic, scientific principles. The Qur’an, free from falsehood, equips Muslims to confront misguided and deviant ideas, fortifying their sound thought. This fortification enables them to effectively counter any erroneous ideologies. Conclusions: The conclusion was that the Muslim is able to confront and fight deviant and misguided thoughts because he has built his sound thought and fortified it, and thus he has become able to confront any deviant thought. Keywords: The Holy Quran, Thought, Deviation, Extremism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of ABHATH is the property of ABHATH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Magazine of Historical Studies & Archaeology is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Alustath is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Women have a very special place, status, and dignity. Women played an important role in developing the Muslim society. All female companions (Ṣiḥābiyāt) were very pious, generous, brave and helpful. They had a lot of knowledge of Qurān, Ḥadīth & Arabic literature. Every Muslim likes to know the life sketches of wives of the Holy Prophet (Peace be upon him and the daughters of the Holy Prophet (Peace be upon him). In this article, life sketches of women are listed in two categories, such as wives of the Holy Prophet (Peace be upon him) and the daughters of the Holy Prophet (Peace be upon him). Historians agree that the wives of Prophet (Peace be upon him) are eleven. And the daughters of the Prophet (Peace be upon him) are four. They are Ḥadhrat Ruqayyah, Ḥadhrat Umm. e. kulsum, Ḥadhrat Zainab and Ḥadhrat Fatima (May Allah be pleased with them). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research is about the Druze, the author mentioned a lot of their false beliefs, he also mentioned scholars fatwas from several Islamic schools of thought about the ruling on this sect, this thesis clarifies the fact that Druze sect has no affiliation to Islam, even if they claim to be one because their beliefs are wrought with acts of disbelief and ex-communications to the path of Islam. The author stated that the reason for writing this letter was the request of a group of his brothers to explain to them in detail about these sects, and the dangerous ideas and beliefs that they believe. The author also mentioned the evils that the mystics had caused to Muslims, and he concluded his research with valuable words from Sheikh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah, stating that the Mind does not violate the Sharia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study elucidates the virtue of Medina and the significance of loving it, as well as the merits of living and dying in the city. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), his esteemed companions (may God be pleased with them), the imams of guidance, and Muslims worldwide have all cherished Medina. The study highlights the outcomes stemming from this profound affection and delves into related issues through a concise, peerreviewed article, designed for easy reference and utility. The article serves as a comprehensive overview for anyone interested in understanding the virtue of loving Medina and its authentic implications, organized into three main topics. The first topic explores the Prophet Muhammad's (peace be upon him) love for Medina. The second topic discusses the companions' and subsequent generations' affection for the city. The third topic examines the effects of genuine love for Medina. The research adopted the descriptive approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Historical Studies (1818-0345) is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Historical Studies (1818-0345) is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ABHATH is the property of ABHATH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jurisprudence Faculty Journal / Magallaẗ Kulliyyaẗ Al-fiqh is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jurisprudence Faculty Journal / Magallaẗ Kulliyyaẗ Al-fiqh is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research examines the importance of honoring and avoiding disobedience to parents in Islam. Islam considers honoring parents as fundamental values and ethical principles emphasized by the religion. Honoring parents is seen as a significant duty in Islam that requires commitment and great respect from Muslims. On the other hand, disobedience to parents is considered reprehensible and a major sin in Islam. The research emphasizes that Allah has made honoring parents among the noble acts of righteousness and good character agreed upon by all divine religions. It includes Quranic verses that encourage honoring parents and describe it as a virtue, highlighting that the Quran has granted rights to parents, even if they are polytheists. The research also examines Prophetic traditions that emphasize the importance of honoring parents and consider it as an act of worshiping Allah after monotheism. It emphasizes that honoring parents entails treating them with kindness, forgiveness, and improving one's behavior towards them. The research clarifies that obedience and respect towards parents are a means to enter Paradise, enhance affection, and love among individuals. It also mentions that respecting and honoring parents is a way of expressing gratitude to them for raising and caring for a person, and that a child's kindness towards their parents can lead to their own children honoring them in the future. The aim of this research is to explore the virtues of honoring parents and the sin of disobedience from an Islamic perspective. The research relied on the descriptive analytical method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Azhaar Research Journal is the property of Al-azhar Research Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jurisprudence Faculty Journal / Magallaẗ Kulliyyaẗ Al-fiqh is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jurisprudence Faculty Journal / Magallaẗ Kulliyyaẗ Al-fiqh is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The trade has played an important role in the region, which included (Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, India and Sindh). The impact of trade has been evident in this region. Trade has been one of the most prominent aspects of economic activity in the Indian ocean. Religious, cultural and civilization. Interest in trade with Southeast Asia since before and after Islam and the commercial relations that linked the Arab countries with the peoples of the region, which grew and developed, especially after the emergence of Islam and Arab domination of the ways of trade made the Muslim world a transit and a basic link between East and West, which the Arabs and Muslims have excelled in a great course of the spread of Islam to the coasts of India and southeast Asia [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Malaysian government seeks to purify the hadith of the Prophet from weak and fabricated hadiths, and to limit its spread in society, due to its bad impact on the Malay Muslim community, whether in their act of worship or in their beliefs. The Ministry of Home Affairs had lined up a specific committee to verify the hadith of our Prophet Muhammad Peace Be Upom Him. One of the notable tasks is, The policy of organizing writings and publishing hadith texts in Malaysia, and reviewing and evaluating the hadiths of the Prophet. In this paper we study the guidance for writing and spreading hadith texts issued by that committee, and we followed the descriptive and analytical approach, and this study was based on presenting, evaluating and criticizing these guidelines in comparison to the sayings of the renowned scholars in this Great Science, and among the results of the paper is that the committee does its work on significant scientific foundations and discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyse the political and social services of non-Muslims during the Fatimid dynasty (909-1171 A.D.) and their impact. This era has a significant position in Muslim history regarding the development and stability in various fields including knowledge, thought, civilization and industry. The socio-political conditions of the Fatimids were so inclusive and harmonious, that not only there were opportunities of progress for the Muslims but also an encouraging environment was present for the non-Muslims as well. Although, the majority of Egypt's population was Muslim during this period, there were also Christians, Jews and the followers of other religions too. The Fatimid caliphs fully protected the rights of the followers of different religions, paid attention to the construction and repair of their places of worship and gave them freedom of expression. As a result of this practice regarding religious harmony, non-Muslims rendered valuable services in politics, finance, commerce, and academic fields. In this regard, many historians, including Yaqub Bin Yusuf, Isa Bin Nestorius, Abu Saad al-Tustari, Fahad Bin Ibrahim, Mansha Bin Ibrahim al-Qazzaz, Abu Saad and Abu Mansoor have highlighted the contributions of the non-Muslims. However, the roles of such non-Muslim ministers and advisors have been controversial and various serious allegations have been leveled against them, which need to be investigated. In this background, analyzing the political and social services of non-Muslims and their effects in the Fatimid period is an important issue in academic circles. This research article has been presented to fulfil this academic need. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurisprudence Faculty Journal / Magallaẗ Kulliyyaẗ Al-fiqh is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The current article represents a comprehensive understanding of the family system and kinship in normative Muslim scholarship. It introduces the perception and definition of family and kinship relations and presents some of its fundamental features and bases in order to restructure critical, yet scattered opinions of scholars from various religious, legal, and historical Islamic sources. This research also aims to investigate numerous normatively formed perspectives related to family forms, the paradigm of values for family and kinship, and the family systems inspired by normative sources of Islam which have been discussed in broader discourse echelons to show the development of Muslim scholarship, provisions, opinions, and analysis, with regard to family and kin, especially under the umbrella of maqāṣid al-shari’ah. The article follows a qualitative methodology with historical, analytical, and descriptive approaches in a comparative manner when investigating normative accounts of the Muslim family and kinship. This study's contribution to international scholars in the field lies in its comprehensive analysis of maqasid framework for family and kinship in Islam and its divergence among normative scholarship. By shedding light on these normative perspectives, it enriches the existing scholarly discourse on maqasid al-shari’ah and opens up new avenues for further research and exploration in contemporary approaches to family and kinship studies. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for researchers, academics, and practitioners seeking a deeper understanding of maqasid al-shari’ah and its practical applications in contemporary contexts. The article found out that the advent of Islam, as mentioned in normative Muslim scholarship, introduced several religious rudiments into the family and kinship life that morally, structurally, and socially altered and regulated the character, structure, and purposes of the Muslim family to ensure stability and advocate social relations and order.

The Islamic religion is considered an integrated system because of the great care it gave to the Muslim individual and the religious other alike, so non- Muslims in the Islamic society had rights and duties under citizenship (in its Western sense) as a principle and basis that embodies the jurisprudence of coexistence within the Muslim state. Objective of the research: To emphasize the authenticity of the idea of human rights in Islamic thought, and to highlight Ruhollah Shariati for the care of Sharia for the lives of its members at all levels (religious, social, economic, political) without discrimination between them. He stated that religion is not an obstacle to religiously different members of society, but rather constitutes a new identity that supports the principle of belonging and rejects the principle of division within the tent of citizenship through the concept of dhimmis. Research Methodology: This research is based on both the inductive and analytical approach, as the purposes of Ruhollah Shariati traced through his book "The Jurisprudence of Coexistence" the concept of citizenship and the types of citizens. He extrapolated the most important origins of coexistence between Muslims and dhimmis, which he talked about in his book, and adopted the critical approach to examine the feasibility of the term "dhimma" in contemporary Islamic thought. Important results: -Citizenship means the "jurisprudence of coexistence" between Muslims and others within the Muslim community under legal, social and political controls that guarantee their rights, and has been embodied in several concepts in the Islamic heritage, the most important of which is the "dhimma contract". - The concept of citizenship according to Ruhollah Shariati feeds on the Muslim government's fairness to its non-Muslim citizens and granting them all their rights under the basis of justice without discrimination, racism or exclusion because they are an integral part of the Islamic Ummah. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kufa Studies Center Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Kufa Studies Center Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Kufa Studies Center Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)