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he acquisition of Master's degree in the professional field of pharmacy and the recognition of professional qualifications in Bulgaria is regulated in a number of regulatory documents for the country, adapted in accordance with European Union (EU) legislation. The completion of a six-month pre-degree internship in a pharmacy is a mandatory requirement for all Master of Pharmacy students. This publication presents the views of Master of Pharmacy (MPharm) supervisors of pre-degree internships on the practical preparation and confidence of pharmacy interns at the MPharm level in the knowledge and skills acquired in the core practice-relevant disciplines of Social Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Legislation (SPPL), Pharmaceutical Care (PC) and Medical Devices (MD). The majority of respondents had more than 10 years of work experience (44%) and more than 3 years of intern training experience (48%). Internship supervisors highly rated the professional applicability and usefulness of the knowledge and skills learned in the disciplines of SPPL (60%), PC (72%) and MD (60%). According to them, the knowledge and skills acquired during the study are fully in line with the requirements of pharmacy practice as follows: 70% for SPPL, 64%, for PC and 72% for MD. Acquired competencies in the disciplines are crucial for the performance of the pharmacist's essential functions as the most accessible health professional in accordance with the requirements of the real working environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation is an inner force that stimulates and drives the individual to achieve specific objectives. It is always combined with energy to work to achieve a specific result. In recent years, the trend towards a shortage of nurses and midwives has increased significantly not only in Bulgaria but throughout the European Union. Times are changing, but nursing remains in demand. More and more nurses and midwives prefer to abroad, which leads to a serious lack of nurses and midwives in our country and consequently to a decrease in the quality of healthcare. The study of motivation for choosing this kind of profession is of great importance for solving this problem. Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate the motives of students in choosing the profession of nurse and midwife. Results: An analysis of the results of the study found that the students were guided by different motives when choosing a profession. Many students state that their choices are based dreams and are made of personal desire, which proves the desire and motivation of students to take out this profession. The results of the study are dominated by answers that show that the choice of professional direction honey. nurse is motivated by the humanity of the profession, requiring specific personal and professional qualities. The analysis of the data shows that not a small part of the participants in the study are motivated by the provided opportunity for personal expression and career development. Another hour of the respondents emphasized that their choice of profession was accompanied by their desire to be socially significant for people's lives and health. The motives for job security dominate in the answers. In conclusion, we can mention the beginning of a trend of more and more young people to turn to the profession of nurse and midwife, to find a secure realization due to the serious shortage of medical staff. Conclusion:The nursing profession is gaining more and more interest among the younger generation. Future bachelors are motivated to train as nurses and midwives to follow the path of the onetime “Merciful health professionals” who dedicated their lives to the mission called "nursing!". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to statistics for 2019 Bulgaria's population has the shortest life expectancy in the EU. At the same time, health inequalities between urban and rural populations and inequalities in access to health care, continue to rise. Our country still lacks an integrated health information system, and the quality of medical care remains a problem. Against this background, the human factor (mainly doctors and health workers), which plays a key role in the system, stands out. For the studied period 2010-2018 there is a tendency to increase the number of doctors from 37.16 to 42.23 per 10,000 population. This is due to the larger number of general practitioners, regardless of their age and rapid decline in population. However, doctors are not evenly distributed and their age structure is unfavorable. In the European Union medical specialists are relatively evenly distributed and doctors between the ages of 55 and 64 are 26.3%, while in Bulgaria they are over 63%, and those under the age of 35 are on average 10.6% against 16.7% for EU. Doctors’ age group between 35 and 44 years in Bulgaria is 6.5% lower than in the EU. This is a serious prerequisite for problems related to the provision of medical care. In terms of structure, gender and age, male doctors predominate in the EU, and women in Bulgaria. With regard to specialists in Bulgaria, there is a typical deficit in several specialties: general practitioners are about 1/3 less than those in the EU per 100,000 population; there are not enough oncologists, pathologists, internal medicine specialists, neonatologists, infectious disease specialists and others. A resilient long-term state policy for training of medical doctors and healthcare personnel is eagerly needed in order to stabilize and improve its state. Also, a successful policy of retaining medical staff should be adopted, aiming at increasing the motivation to practice the profession in the country and increase constantly competences and qualification; it must be focused on the reasons that influence these processes, incl. difficulties with specialisation, low wages, poor conditions of work and others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breastfeeding, according to the latest World Health Organization (WHO) data, guarantees a stronger population, fewer mothers absent from work, reduces the risk of breast cancer and osteoporosis for the mother, has a bearing on the intellect of the growing generation, etc. This is what creates the need for maternal nursing training, support during pregnancy and in the first days after birth. According to statistics, in Bulgaria nearly 50% of the generic solution is by cesarean section and over 90% of babies are fed with adapted milk (milk for infants) after the third month. By these indicators we are ranked last among the countries of the European Union and those of the former Socialist bloc. In order to positively influence the health status of children and the population, measures such as the adoption of the Food and Nutrition Plan 2005-2010 by the Ministry of Health, which promoted WHO practices: Early and exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months; training health professionals on breastfeeding support issues, popularizing, training and supporting young mothers and their families for the benefits of breastfeeding. The purpose of this study is to find out what mothers have problems with breastfeeding Materials and methodology. An anonymous poll of five questions was conducted among 682 people. For the purpose of the study, an online platform is used. The results were processed statistically and presented graphically. The results show that approximately one third of respondents did not receive adequate support and training during pregnancy or immediately after birth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]