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The purpose of the present study is to examine the extent to which patents have an impact on GDP and net profit. The object of the study are the changes in the GDP of two technologically highly developed countries – Japan and South Korea, and two technologically underdeveloped countries – Russia and Brazil, as well as the changes in the net profit of leading companies in these countries. The subject of the study is the comparison of the impact of patent activity through newly issued patents by the European Patent Office, and unemployment and foreign direct investment at the macroeconomic level and the share price, gross income and gross debt at the microeconomic level. Comparative analysis and least squares method have been used. It is expected that the role of patent activity will be stronger in the considered technologically highly developed countries and companies and correspondingly weaker in the considered technologically underdeveloped countries and companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to highlight the role of the circular economy in achieving sustainable development, to map the place of eco-innovation in the transformation process. In order to achieve this objective, the following is done: the essence of the circular economy is clarified and the concept of sustainable development is defined; the scope of eco-innovation is defined and the dynamics of patent activity in the field of environmental technologies for the period 2012-2021, carried out through the European Patent Office, are tracked.. In conclusion, some of the difficulties in achieving the objectives of the circular economy and eco-innovation are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]