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Undescended testis is one of the most common congenital malformations encountered in male neonates and is the most common genital anomaly in boys. The incidence varies and depends on gestational age affecting 1 -5 % of full term and 30 -45 % of preterm neonates. 80% of the testes are clinically palpable and 20% are nonpalpable. A testis may be impalpable when it is located in the inguinal canal or abdomen, or when it is dysgenetic or absent. A thorough clinical assessment, and imaging studies like ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging are performed to confirm the diagnosis. Diagnostic laparoscopy is useful to detect nonpalpable and abdominal testis simultaneously performing an orchidopexy. The early surgical placement of the undescended testis in the scrotal position (orchidopexy) prevents potential impairment of fertility and reduces the risk of testicular malignancy. Hormonal treatment is not recommendet. Current guidelines recommend surgery between the 6-th and 12-th months of age but no later than 18-th month, in order to maximize fertility and potentially reduce the risk of future malignancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]