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En este artículo se presentan los resultados de una tesis doctoral que analizó las prácticas discursivas que inciden en la vivencia de la democracia en la escuela, según el punto de vista de estudiantes de educación media, buscando identificar las prácticas cotidianas que estos consideran democráticas, así como comprender las concepciones que tienen sobre política, ciudadanía y democracia. Desde un enfoque cualitativo, fundamentado en la Investigación Acción, se reconocieron como prácticas democráticas la expresión de la pluralidad, la participación, el respeto, la existencia de procedimientos electorales transparentes y la necesidad de un cambio en la organización de las escuelas. This article presents the results of a doctoral thesis that analyzed the discursive practices that affect the experience of democracy at school, from the point of view of high school students, seeking to identify the daily practices that they consider democratic, as well as how to understand their conceptions of politics, citizenship and democracy. From a qualitative approach, based on Action Research, the expression of plurality, participation, respect, the existence of transparent electoral procedures and the need for a change in the organization of schools were recognized as democratic practices.

Dolor crònic no oncològic; Analgèsics opioides; Dolor nociceptiu Dolor crónico no oncológico; Analgésicos opioides; Dolor nociceptivo Chronic non-cancer pain; Opioid analgesics; Nociceptive pain El dolor es una de las causas de consulta más frecuentes en la Atención Primaria (AP), por lo que el ámbito de aplicación de esta guía de atención es, principalmente, el de este nivel asistencial. Así, los potenciales usuarios finales de la guía de atención son los profesionales que están directa o indirectamente relacionados con el manejo del DCNO, así como los pacientes, sus familiares y la ciudadanía en general. Esta guía de atención tiene por objetivo proporcionar una herramienta basada en la evidencia que permita a los médicos de AP encargados de la asistencia a pacientes adultos con DCNO tomar las mejores decisiones sobre el uso de los analgésicos opioides, así como a otros profesionales de la salud implicados en la atención de estos pacientes. Dentro del DCNO, la guía de atención se centra en el dolor nociceptivo de origen artrósico y el causado por lumbalgia crónica. Además, en un capítulo aparte, se aborda el uso de los opioides en el DCNO de tipo neuropático.

Obesitat infantil; Abordatge multidisciplinar; Sessions grupals Obesidad infantil; Abordaje multidisciplinar; Sesiones grupales Childhood obesity; Multidisciplinary approach; Group sessions Descripción de la creación del Grupo de Obesidad Infantil en la comarca del Anoia (GOIA), dirigido a los niños con sobrepeso, obesidad y a sus familias con la promoción de hábitos saludables y un tratamiento multidisciplinar y grupal. Los resultados iniciales se muestran poco efectivos. Proponemos nuevas estrategias y adaptación del plan de trabajo para poder conseguir los objetivos iniciales. Descripció de la creació del Grup d’Obesitat Infantil a la comarca de l’Anoia (GOIA), dirigit als nens amb sobrepès, obesitat i a les seves famílies amb la promoció d’hàbits saludables i un tractament multidisciplinari i grupal. Els resultats inicials es mostren poc efectius. Es proposen noves estratègies i adaptar del pla de treball per a poder aconseguir els objectius inicials Description of the creation of the Group of Childhood Obesity in the region of Anoia (GOIA), aimed at children with overweight, obesity and their families with the promotion of healthy habits and a multidisciplinary and group therapy, The initial results are ineffective. We propose new strategies and adaptation of the work plan to be able to achieve the initial objectives.

Purpose:A number of customer metrics allow estimating customer profitability with methods such as the Customer Lifetime Value (CLV). However, investments in customer relationships carry the potential risk to destroy value and reduce profitability when based on incorrect estimates of customer profitability. Therefore, estimating future customer value correctly is essential to allocate marketing expenditures in the most effective way. In this article recent literature about the CLV is reviewed in order to assess its ability as a customer profitability measure. Besides the financial perspective of the CLV, non-financial perspectives such as customer advocacy, (customer or open) innovation and learning have been identified to have an impact on customer profitability. How to properly estimate a customer’s value taking all relevant value creating factors, financial as well as non-financial, into account is the underlying research question.Design/methodology/approach:This research is based on the review of a number of theoretical and empirical articles published between 1990 and 2010. The aggregation of measures, key-drivers and risks of each key-perspective of the customer relationship contributes to the development of a more systematic understanding of the value creation process and provides answers to the research question. Indirect effects of the CLV as a source of value have received increasing attention in previous research but are not sufficiently accounted for by mainstream methods for valuing customers (Ryals, 2008). Therefore, the attempt to structure available knowledge on indirect effects of the CLV in its contextual setting is made.Findings:This research is concluded providing evidence that one-dimensional calculations of the CLV deliver an incomplete picture of the customer relationship and estimate customer profitability incorrectly. This supports the idea of a multidimensional CLV approach that accounts for interrelated key-perspectives and results in superior resource allocation.Originality/value:Seeing customers in a comprehensive way helps to better understand their needs and potential contributions, so that long-term overall profitability can be advanced through the consideration of indirect effects. Indirect effects are usually not reflected in common accounting methods but might result in benefits for the firm. In this research, evidence is provided for the importance of indirect effects offered by customers. This makes the consideration of all relevant dimensions in the value creation process fundamental in order to allocate marketing resources in the most effective way.Purpose: A number of customer metrics allow estimating customer profitability with methods such as the Customer Lifetime Value (CLV). However, investments in customer relationships carry the potential risk to destroy value and reduce profitability when based on incorrect estimates of customer profitability. Therefore, estimating future customer value correctly is essential to allocate marketing expenditures in the most effective way. In this article recent literature about the CLV is reviewed in order to assess its ability as a customer profitability measure. Besides the financial perspective of the CLV, non-financial perspectives such as customer advocacy, (customer or open) innovation and learning have been identified to have an impact on customer profitability. How to properly estimate a customer’s value taking all relevant value creating factors, financial as well as non-financial, into account is the underlying research question.Design/methodology/approach: This research is based on the review of a number of theoretical and empirical articles published between 1990 and 2010. The aggregation of measures, key-drivers and risks of each key-perspective of the customer relationship contributes to the development of a more systematic understanding of the value creation process and provides answers to the research question. Indirect effects of the CLV as a source of value have received increasing attention in previous research but are not sufficiently accounted for by mainstream methods for valuing customers (Ryals, 2008). Therefore, the attempt to structure available knowledge on indirect effects of the CLV in its contextual setting is made.Findings: This research is concluded providing evidence that one-dimensional calculations of the CLV deliver an incomplete picture of the customer relationship and estimate customer profitability incorrectly. This supports the idea of a multidimensional CLV approach that accounts for interrelated key-perspectives and results in superior resource allocation.Originality/value: Seeing customers in a comprehensive way helps to better understand their needs and potential contributions, so that long-term overall profitability can be advanced through the consideration of indirect effects. Indirect effects are usually not reflected in common accounting methods but might result in benefits for the firm. In this research, evidence is provided for the importance of indirect effects offered by customers. This makes the consideration of all relevant dimensions in the value creation process fundamental in order to allocate marketing resources in the most effective way.Purpose:A number of customer metrics allow estimating customer profitability with methods such as the Customer Lifetime Value (CLV). However, investments in customer relationships carry the potential risk to destroy value and reduce profitability when based on incorrect estimates of customer profitability. Therefore, estimating future customer value correctly is essential to allocate marketing expenditures in the most effective way. In this article recent literature about the CLV is reviewed in order to assess its ability as a customer profitability measure. Besides the financial perspective of the CLV, non-financial perspectives such as customer advocacy, (customer or open) innovation and learning have been identified to have an impact on customer profitability. How to properly estimate a customer’s value taking all relevant value creating factors, financial as well as non-financial, into account is the underlying research question.Design/methodology/approach:This research is based on the review of a number of theoretical and empirical articles published between 1990 and 2010. The aggregation of measures, key-drivers and risks of each key-perspective of the customer relationship contributes to the development of a more systematic understanding of the value creation process and provides answers to the research question. Indirect effects of the CLV as a source of value have received increasing attention in previous research but are not sufficiently accounted for by mainstream methods for valuing customers (Ryals, 2008). Therefore, the attempt to structure available knowledge on indirect effects of the CLV in its contextual setting is made.Findings:This research is concluded providing evidence that one-dimensional calculations of the CLV deliver an incomplete picture of the customer relationship and estimate customer profitability incorrectly. This supports the idea of a multidimensional CLV approach that accounts for interrelated key-perspectives and results in superior resource allocation.Originality/value:Seeing customers in a comprehensive way helps to better understand their needs and potential contributions, so that long-term overall profitability can be advanced through the consideration of indirect effects. Indirect effects are usually not reflected in common accounting methods but might result in benefits for the firm. In this research, evidence is provided for the importance of indirect effects offered by customers. This makes the consideration of all relevant dimensions in the value creation process fundamental in order to allocate marketing resources in the most effective way.

Purpose: The purpose of this work is to demonstrate the existence of a number of structural mechanisms that networks actors use to exert tacit power in the GMVNs.Design/methodology/approach: The analysis of the engine manufacturing aeronautical industry based on a quantitative approach with a binomial logistic model with a logit function. Findings and Originality/value: Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) exert a tacit power by occupying central positions in the network and having many structural holes. Suppliers, nevertheless, establish many strong and direct ties to increase trust with other network actors; while new actors establish, primarily, indirect ties to gain explicit knowledge. Research limitations/implications: Another similar works focused in other industrial segments like electronics, chemical o automotive would strengthen the findings of this work.Practical implications: The results of this work can facilitate, ex ante, the design of new GMVNs and increase drastically their efficiency. Originality/value: It classifies the internal operations of these organizations that, so far, were not analysed under this approach. Its conclusions can be used as a prescriptive model for other manufacturing networks. Purpose: The purpose of this work is to demonstrate the existence of a number of structural mechanisms that networks actors use to exert tacit power in the GMVNs. Design/methodology/approach: The analysis of the engine manufacturing aeronautical industry based on a quantitative approach with a binomial logistic model with a logit function. Findings and Originality/value: Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) exert a tacit power by occupying central positions in the network and having many structural holes. Suppliers, nevertheless, establish many strong and direct ties to increase trust with other network actors; while new actors establish, primarily, indirect ties to gain explicit knowledge. Research limitations/implications: Another similar works focused in other industrial segments like electronics, chemical o automotive would strengthen the findings of this work.Practical implications: The results of this work can facilitate, ex ante, the design of new GMVNs and increase drastically their efficiency.Originality/value: It classifies the internal operations of these organizations that, so far, were not analysed under this approach. Its conclusions can be used as a prescriptive model for other manufacturing networks. Objeto: Demostrar la existencia de una serie de mecanismos estructurales que los actores utilizan como herramientas para poder ejercer un poder tácito en las RVFGs.Diseño/metodología: Análisis de la industria de fabricación de motores aeronáuticos mediante un enfoque cuantitativo basado en un modelo logístico binomial utilizando una función logit. Resultados: Los Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) ejercen un poder tácito en la red mediante su posición centralizada en la red y la existencia de muchos agujeros estructurales. Los proveedores, sin embargo, establecen muchos lazos fuertes y directos con otros actores para fomentar la confianza; mientras que los nuevos actores establecen muchos lazos indirectos para acceder a conocimiento explícito.Limitaciones: Otros estudios similares a RVFGs de otros sectores industriales como el electrónico, químico o automoción reforzarían los resultados obtenidos en este estudio.Implicaciones prácticas: Se facilita ex ante el diseño de nuevas RVFGs aumentando sensiblemente su eficienciaValor añadido: Clarifica el funcionamiento interno de estas organizaciones que hasta ahora no se había abordado bajo este punto de vista. Sus conclusiones pueden utilizarse como un modelo prescriptivo para otras redes de fabricación.

Intangible assets are difficult to measure, but nowadays the value of the shares of firms in the stock exchange market contains a high percentage of intangible capital and customers are one of the main intangible assets which should be evaluated. This paper presents and discusses some tools to measure the value of customers. But first, it is mandatory to define and clarify the relationships among the concepts of Customer Equity (CE), Life Time Value (LTV) and Customer Relationship Management (CRM). LTV is the best financial outcome to measure customer value, so the paper reviews the literature on some mathematical models to calculate LTV. We propose an equation for LTV in order to apply it in a business-to-business market, and an analysis of the influence factors involved in it is made, focusing especially in the link between LTV and shareholder value. Finally, we propose as future lines of research, the relational equity approach as the perfect complement to the customer equity analysis and a way to estimate LTV for actual cases of publicly traded firms using published information.

Global manufacturing virtual networks (GMVNs) constitute a new type of vertical and horizontal relations between independent companies or even competitors where it is not needed to maintain internal manufacturing resources but to manage and share the network resources. The fluid relations that exist within the GMVNs allow them a very permeable organization easy to connect and disconnect from one to each other as well as to choose a set of partners with specific attributes. The result is a highly flexible system characterized by low barriers to entry and exit, geographic flexibility, low costs, rapid technological diffusion, high diversification through contract manufacturers and exceptional economies of scale and specialization. This paper analyses the causes behind the formation of such networks, their strategy, structure, dynamics and culture, taking into account areas such as strategic alliances between competitors, the permeable and diffuse nature of the network actors, the inherent paradox of collaborating with competitors, cross-cultural issues or information and communication technologies at the network level. This work will clarify and put these organizations in perspective and will analyze their evolution over the next few years.

Global manufacturing virtual networks (GMVNs) constitute a new type of vertical and horizontal relations between independent companies or even competitors where it is not needed to maintain internal manufacturing resources but to manage and share the network resources. The fluid relations that exist within the GMVNs allow them a very permeable organization easy to connect and disconnect from one to each other as well as to choose a set of partners with specific attributes. The result is a highly flexible system characterized by low barriers to entry and exit, geographic flexibility, low costs, rapid technological diffusion, high diversification through contract manufacturers and exceptional economies of scale and specialization. This paper analyses the causes behind the formation of such networks, their strategy, structure, dynamics and culture, taking into account areas such as strategic alliances between competitors, the permeable and diffuse nature of the network actors, the inherent paradox of collaborating with competitors, cross-cultural issues or information and communication technologies at the network level. This work will clarify and put these organizations in perspective and will analyze their evolution over the next few years.Las redes virtuales de fabricación global (RVFGs) están formadas por empresas muy dinámicas que fabrican todo tipo de productos o servicios, las cuales establecen entre sí relaciones de tipo horizontal y vertical, pudiendo incluso ser competidores, donde no es necesario mantener internamente grandes recursos fabriles sino gestionar y compartir eficientemente los recursos de la red. Las relaciones fluidas que existen en las RVFG les permiten alcanzar una organización muy permeable fácil de conectarse y desconectarse así como colaborar simultáneamente con un grupo variado de participantes con diferentes atributos. El resultado es un sistema altamente flexible, caracterizado por bajas barreras de entrada y salida, flexibilidad geográfica, bajos costes, difusión tecnológica en la red muy rápida, alta diversificación a través de los fabricantes subcontratados y excepcionales economías de escala. Este trabajo propone un modelo teórico que analizará las causas de la formación de estas redes incluyendo sus cuatro pilares básicos: estrategia, estructura, dinámica y cultura. Para ello, se tendrán en cuenta aspectos como las alianzas estratégicas entre empresas competidoras, la naturaleza permeable y difusa de los actores de la red y el riesgo de canibalizaciones de roles, la paradoja inherente de colaborar con competidores, los aspectos culturales a nivel sistémico o las tecnologías de información y comunicación a nivel de red. El modelo teórico propuesto permitirá conocer de una manera ordenada, todos los aspectos relevantes de este tipo de redes para esclarecer y dar perspectiva a uno de los tipos de organizaciones que más ha creciendo en los últimos años.

L'objectiu és minvar les situacions de risc que pateixen infants i adolescents, actuant de forma preventiva, per tal de reduir a llarg termini les situacions de desemparament i separació del nucli. El servei de Suport Socioeducatiu a les Unitats de Convivència és un servei d'assessorament, orientació i suport de caire socioeducatiu i tècnic en el si del nucli de les Unitats de Convivència amb persones menors d'edat a càrrec que es trobin en situació de risc lleu o moderat. En el present pla d'empresa s'ha desenvolupat la idea del servei, destacant la clara innovació metodològica

Objeto: El propósito de este artículo es realizar una revisión de la literatura, tanto de los fundamentos teóricos, como de investigaciones empíricas, con la finalidad de establecer relaciones entre las variables relativas al factor humano y su impacto en la productividad. Diseño/metodología/enfoque: La estrategia empleada corresponde a un diseño no experimental descriptivo, que consiste en el establecimiento de tres criterios para la revisión de la literatura, a fin de acotar el tema a trabajos que relacionan la productividad con el factor humano. Para ello se indagó en bases de datos y revistas relacionadas con temas afines, además de consultar tesis doctorales y libros publicados, referentes a la influencia del factor humano en la productividad. Se revisaron unos 250 documentos de los cuales se seleccionaron los considerados más relevantes para la investigación. Aportaciones y resultados: Como resultado de esta exploración podemos destacar la clasificación de los factores en dos dimensiones que se manifiestan en las personas cuando actúan en las organizaciones: dimensión psicológica y dimensión psicosocial. Entre los factores humanos incluidos en estas dimensiones se encuentran: los factores individuales (la motivación, las competencias, la satisfacción laboral, la identificación, el compromiso y la implicación con la organización), los factores grupales (la participación, la cohesión y la gestión de conflictos) y los factores organizaciones (la cultura organizacional, el clima organizacional y el liderazgo). Todos estos factores tienen impacto en la productividad de la organización y son abordados en el presente trabajo de investigación. Valor añadido: Las variables seleccionadas se emplearán para la formulación de un modelo que incorpore los factores humanos identificados y considere el fenómeno en forma integral. El mismo será abordado mediante Análisis Multivariante, con la posible aplicación de Ecuaciones Estructurales, a fin de evaluar las relaciones causales que pudiesen existir entre los factores y la productividad. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to review the literature, for both theoretical foundations and empirical research, in order to establish relationships between the variables related to human factors and their impact on productivity. Design/methodology/approach: The strategy employed corresponds to a descriptive non-experimental design, which is the establishment of three criteria for the literature review, in order to narrow down the topic to research works relating productivity with the human factor. This was investigated in databases and journals dealing with related topics, in addition to consulting doctoral theses and published books concerning the influence of human factors on productivity. About 250 papers which were considered the most relevant for the research were selected. Findings: As a result of this exploration the classification of the factors in two dimensions that are manifested in people when they act in organizations was highlighted: the psychological and the psychosocial dimension. Human factors included in these dimensions are: individual factors (motivation, skills, job satisfaction, identification, commitment and involvement with the organization), group factors (participation, cohesion and management conflict) and organizational factors (organizational culture, organizational climate and leadership). All these factors have an impact on the productivity of the organization and are addressed in this research. Originality/value: The selected variables were used to formulate a model that incorporates the human factors identified and considers the phenomenon in a comprehensive manner. It will be addressed through multivariate analysis, with the possible application of structural equations in order to assess the causal relationships that may exist between factors and productivity.

Objeto: Demostrar la existencia de una serie de mecanismos estructurales que los actores utilizan como herramientas para poder ejercer un poder tácito en las RVFGs. Diseño/metodología: Análisis de la industria de fabricación de motores aeronáuticos mediante un enfoque cuantitativo basado en un modelo logístico binomial utilizando una función logit. Resultados: Los Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) ejercen un poder tácito en la red mediante su posición centralizada en la red y la existencia de muchos agujeros estructurales. Los proveedores, sin embargo, establecen muchos lazos fuertes y directos con otros actores para fomentar la confianza; mientras que los nuevos actores establecen muchos lazos indirectos para acceder a conocimiento explícito. Limitaciones: Otros estudios similares a RVFGs de otros sectores industriales como el electrónico, químico o automoción reforzarían los resultados obtenidos en este estudio. Implicaciones prácticas: Se facilita ex ante el diseño de nuevas RVFGs aumentando sensiblemente su eficiencia Valor añadido: Clarifica el funcionamiento interno de estas organizaciones que hasta ahora no se había abordado bajo este punto de vista. Sus conclusiones pueden utilizarse como un modelo prescriptivo para otras redes de fabricación.

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