Search

Objective To analyze the cost-effectiveness of carotid endarterectomy carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and medical therapy for asymptomatic carotid stenosis in Chinese patients over 70 years old. Methods Based on the data of different out- comes of asymptomatic carotid stenosis patients who were followed up by CEA and drug therapy for 10 years, a Markov mod- el was established to simulate the cost-effectiveness of the two treatments for 10 years. The outcome index was incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), which was the ratio of increased cost to increased quality-adjusted life years (QALY), and the thresholds of ICER and willingness to pay (WTP) were compared. In this paper, scenario analysis was carried out, and uncertainty test was carried out by single factor sensitivity analysis and probability sensitivity analysis. Results In the basic case analysis, the patients who received CEA could get 7.53 QALYs, the corresponding cost was 67 079.61 yuan and 31 982.38 yuan, and the ICER was 129 435.97 yuan / QALY, which was lower than the threshold of WTP. In scenario analysis, the ICER was 127 946.82 yuan / QALY and 240 283.17 yuan/ QALY, respectively. The annual mortality of patients after CEA, the operation cost of CEA, and the perioperative mortality after CEA had great influence on the fluctuation of ICER. Conclusion According to the economic evaluation recommendation of WHO, the increased cost of CEA compared with drug therapy is acceptable for Chinese patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis over 70 years old. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an emerging technological force based on big data and machine deep learning, algorithms have a profound impact on the development process of economy and society with their powerful data analysis and processing, independent learning and decision-making capabilities, and human beings are entering the era of algorithms where everything can be “calculated”. However, the abuse and generalization of algorithms based on the logic of “algorithm is king” also exposes the dark side of algorithms, spawning serious algorithmic discrimination, which has become a major social risk that disrupts market order, damages fairness and justice, and infringes on citizens' rights. Therefore, it is urgent for the government to clarify the internal mechanism of algorithm discrimination, explore the appropriate algorithm governance path, and respond to the realistic questions like “how does algorithm discrimination arise? “ and “what are the solutions to this problem?”. However, most of the existing researches on algorithmic discrimination focus on regulation, supervision and other aspects to explore how to achieve algorithmic governance, which shows that the governance subject is single and governance measures lag behind with low governance quality efficiency, resulting in the "whack-a-mole" governance cycle with poor effect. As a governance concept proposed for the supervision of emerging industries such as big data and artificial intelligence, agile governance can effectively adapt to the intractable problems of algorithmic discrimination and meet the actual needs of algorithmic governance by relying on its advantages in many aspects such as governance subjects, governance tools, governance values and governance paradigms. Therefore, the government uses the agile governance concept to empower algorithm to govern algorithm discrimination and improve the quality and efficiency of algorithm governance. This study carried out "field work" based on the content of D short video platform through participatory investigation, analyzed the logical mechanism of algorithm operation of short video platform, summarized the forms and causes of algorithm discrimination, and explored feasible measures and practical approaches to algorithm governance. It is found that the setting of user circles, issue scenes and induction boundaries constitutes the algorithm "black box" of the short video platform, and generates the invisible operation logic of the digital marketing of accurate portraits, the reproduction of the relationship between fields, and the re-capture of users with interests first. The dual role of subjective and objective conditions is the root cause of algorithm discrimination, and user portrait, personalized recommendation, and using big-data analysis to price tour products to the disadvantage of existing customers constitute the main forms of algorithm discrimination. It is an effective means to overcome the trap of algorithm discrimination to form a logical closed loop of agile governance on the basis of pre-monitoring and early warning, control resolution in the process, and summary and improvement afterwards. In addition, this paper found that measures like increasing the research and development of algorithm technology to enhance the ability of scientific and technological innovation, to achieve the combination of self-discipline and other-discipline, to create a dynamic governance pattern with the participation of multiple subjects, and other diversified measures can further help crack algorithm discrimination and achieve good algorithm governance. Based on the research results of scholars, this study tries to aggregate the two research propositions between algorithmic discrimination and agile governance, and builds an analytical framework of agile governance, which has certain research value for enriching the theoretical basis and practical approach of algorithmic discrimination in agile governance, constructing responsible and reliable algorithms, improving the rationality of algorithms, and realizing algorithmic agile governance. In addition, the government can adopt agile governance in discrimination governance, so as to shape the Chinese solution of algorithmic governance in terms of overall intellectual governance, collaborative governance and co-governance, dynamic governance, and optimization algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saxifraga Tourn. ex L. is rich in species diversity with about 440-500 species and broad distribution. The taxonomical issues of this genus have been continuously concerned by the botanists. Saxifraga has important ornamental and medicinal values. Some of European countries have made great efforts on the exploitation and utilization of its ornamental resources. China is one of the diversity centers of Saxifraga, but it has been lagged far behind Europe, USA and even Japan in exploitation and utilization on ornamental value of this genus. The world breeding work in Saxifraga started 150 years ago. By the end of 2022, the 1 692 names of cultivars had been on-line listed by The Saxifrage Society, but only one came from China. In this paper, the germplasm resources of Saxifraga, and progress on its classification and breeding are reviewed, and also the utilization of its ornamental resources is briefly introduced, which will provide an important reference for taxonomical research, breeding and application of this genus in China. The results are as follows:(1) Saxifraga is rich in germplasms, but many scientific issues remain in the evolutionary relationships of its subordinate systems, which require a systematic and in-depth investigation by integrating morphological and molecular biology methods.(2)The cultivars of this genus are mainly raised through cross-breeding and mutant selection, and the majority of cultivars are from the UK, Czech Republic, Germany, and the Netherlands.(3)The breeding of Saxifraga started very late in China, with only few cultivars from one breeding method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypoxia inducible factors (HIF) are hypoxia-sensitive transcription factors that are the primary regulators of the cellular response to hypoxia. Hypoxia inducible factors induce inflammation, lipid metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), and regulate the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This paper reviews the role of hypoxia inducible factors in CVD and the progress of the mechanism of action in recent years, and discusses the role and mechanism of hypoxia inducible factors on vascular constituent cell types and its relationship with the occurrence and development of CVD. It can provide a reference for analyzing the pathogenesis of CVD and discovering new therapeutic targets. The aim is to provide a theoretical reference for further understanding the role and mechanism of hypoxia inducible factors in the pathogenesis of CVD, and to provide a basis for the design of novel effective therapeutic agents targeting hypoxia inducible factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The use of pesticides is one of the root causes of food safety problems. Pesticide exposure and pesticide residues can not only lead to environmental pollution issues but also seriously affect human health. In order to meet the rapid and sensitive detection needs of pesticide residues in agricultural products, a method based on lemon juice reduction to prepare silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is reported in this research. [Methods] First, fresh lemon juice was filtered through filter paper and diluted to a 2% lemon juice aqueous solution. Then, a certain concentration of AgNO3 solution, 50 mm NaOH solution were prepared and stored at room temperature. Then, 10 mL ddH2O, 2 mL NaOH, 2 mL 2% lemon juice, and 5 mL AgNO3 solution were mixed. When the solution turned to a clear yellow color, the solution was centrifuged to obtain AgNPs. The morphology and structure of AgNPs were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In order to verify the successful synthesis of the nanoparticles and the distribution characteristics of the nanoparticles, ultraviolet spectroscopy was used for measurement and analysis, and 4-ATP was used as a SERS probe to preliminarily verify the SERS enhancement performance of AgNPs. Furthermore, the content of the main reducing components in lemon juice, namely ascorbic acid, glucose, and fructose was analyzed. The content of ascorbic acid in lemon juice was determined by high-performance liquid chroma‐ tography, and the content of glucose and fructose in lemon juice was determined by UV-visible spectrophotometry. To verify the stabil‐ ity and uniformity of the SERS signal of the nanoparticles, 4-ATP was used as an surface enhancement of raman scattering (SERS) probe for detection analysis. The stability of the SERS performance of the colloidal substrate within 41 days and the SERS perfor‐ mance at temperatures ranging from 0−80°C were analyzed. Using 4-ATP as the SERS probe, the experimental conditions were optimized for the preparation of AgNPs by the lemon juice method, including pH and AgNO3 concentration. To validate the practical usability of the nanoparticles, the solutions of paraquat and carbendazim and the detection limits of pesticide residues on different fruits and vegetables were detected by SERS. [Results and discussions] The method for preparing AgNPs has the advantages of simple operation, green and easy synthesis. The parti‐ cle morphology and size of the prepared AgNPs were basically uniform, with a size of about 20 nm. The ultraviolet-visible spectrum of AgNPs solution showed that the absorption peak was about 400 nm and the peak shape was narrow, indicating that the colloidal so‐ lution had good homogeneity. The detection limit of 4-ATP as the SERS probe was 10-14 M, indicating that the nanoparticle had a good SERS. In addition, the content of ascorbic acid, the main reducing ingredient, in lemon juice measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was 395.76 μg/mL. The contents of glucose and fructose, which were the main reducing components in lem‐ on juice, were 5.95 and 5.90 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the characterization and analysis results of the AgNPs prepared by the mixed reducing solution prepared according to the concentration data of each component showed that the AgNPs obtained were al‐ so uniform in morphology and size, with a diameter of about 20 nm, but the SERS enhancement performance was not as good as that of the AgNPs reduced by lemon juice. The SERS signal uniformity of the AgNPs reduced by lemon juice analyzed results showed that the peak intensity of the SERS spectral of 4-ATP at different sites at the same concentration was not significantly changed for 15 times, and its standard deviation RSD=5.03%, which was much lower than the intersubstrate RSD value (<16%) of the qualified new SERS active substrate for quantitative analysis. The temporal stability and temperature stability of AgNPs analyzed results showed that the nanoparticles still had SERS enhanced performance after 41 days of storage, and had SERS enhanced performance stability over a wide temperature range (0~80°C). In addition, the optimization results of experimental conditions showed that the optimal pH for the preparation of AgNPs was around 7.5, and the optimal range of AgNO3 concentration used was 1.76×10-4 ~3.33×10-4 mol/L. Finally, using AgNPs prepared by lemon juice reduction method for pesticide residue SERS detection on the surface of fruits and vegetables, the detection limits for paraquat and carbendazim in solution were as low as 10-14 and 10-10 M, respectively, and the concentration of pesticides showed a good linear relationship with Raman spectral intensity. The lowest detection limits for paraquat and carbendazim residues on different fruits and vegetables were as low as 3.90 ng/kg and 0.22 µg/kg, respectively. [Conclusions] This work provides a green and convenient method for preparing SERS materials for rapid detection of pesticide resi‐ dues on fruits and vegetables. This method has practical value for universal operation. The prepared AgNPs can be used for trace pesticide residue detection, providing a pathway for rapid and sensitive detection of pesticide residues in agricultural products [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Significance] Crop production is related to national food security, economic development and social stability, so timely information on the growth of major crops is of great significance for strengthening the crop production management and ensuring food security. The traditional crop growth monitoring mainly judges the growth of crops by manually observing the shape, color and other appearance characteristics of crops through the external industry, which has better reliability and authenticity, but it will consume a lot of manpow‐ er, is inefficient and difficult to carry out monitoring of a large area. With the development of space technology, satellite remote sens‐ ing technology provides an opportunity for large area crop growth monitoring. However, the acquisition of optical remote sensing data is often limited by the weather during the peak crop growth season when rain and heat coincide. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) com‐ pensates well for the shortcomings of optical remote sensing, and has a wide demand and great potential for application in crop growth monitoring. However, the current research on crop growth monitoring using SAR data is still relatively small and lacks system‐ atic sorting and summarization. In this paper, the research progress of SAR inversion of crop growth parameters were summarized through comprehensive analysis of existing literature, clarify the main technical methods and application of SAR monitoring of crop growth, and explore the existing problems and look forward to its future research direction. [Progress] The current research status of SAR crop growth monitoring were reviewed, the application of SAR technology had gone through several development stages: from the early single-polarization, single-band stage, gradually evolving to the mid-term multipolarization, multi-band stage, and then to the stage of joint application of tight polarization and optical remote sensing. Then, the re‐ search progress and milestone achievements of crop growth monitoring based on SAR data were summarized in three aspects, namely, crop growth SAR remote sensing monitoring indexes, crop growth SAR remote sensing monitoring data and crop growth SAR remote sensing monitoring methods. First, the key parameters of crop growth were summarized, and the crop growth monitoring indexes were divided into morphological indicators, physiological and biochemical indicators, yield indicators and stress indicators. Secondly, the core principle of SAR monitoring of crop growth parameters was introduced, which was based on the interaction between SAR sig‐ nals and vegetation, and then the specific scattering model and inversion algorithm were used to estimate the crop growth parameters. Then, a detailed summary and analysis of the radar indicators mainly applied to crop growth monitoring were also presented. Finally, SAR remote sensing methods for crop growth monitoring, including mechanistic modeling, empirical modeling, semi-empirical modeling, direct monitoring, and assimilation monitoring of crop growth models, were described, and their applicability and applications in growth monitoring were analyzed. [Conclusions and Prospects] Four challenges exist in SAR crop growth monitoring are proposed: 1) Compared with the methods of crop growth monitoring using optical remote sensing data, the methods of crop growth monitoring using SAR data are obviously relatively small. The reason may be that SAR remote sensing itself has some inherent shortcomings; 2) Insufficient mining of microwave scattering characteristics, at present, a large number of studies have applied the backward scattering intensity and polarization characteristics to crop growth monitoring, but few have applied the phase information to crop growth monitoring, especially the application study of polarization decomposition parameters to growth monitoring. The research on the application of polarization decomposition parameter to crop growth monitoring is still to be deepened; 3) Compared with the optical vegetation index, the radar vegetation index applied to crop growth monitoring is relatively less; 4 ) Crop growth monitoring based on SAR scattered intensity is mainly based on an empirical model, which is difficult to be extended to different regions and types of crops, and the existence of this limitation pre‐ vents the SAR scattering intensity-based technology from effectively realizing its potential in crop growth monitoring. Finally, future research should focus on mining microwave scattering features, utilizing SAR polarization decomposition parameters, developing and optimizing radar vegetation indices, and deepening scattering models for crop growth monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanical thrombectomy is the standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation within 24 hours of onset, and hemorrhagic transformation is the most common and serious complication, which not only increases the length of hospital stay, but also leads to a poor prognosis and negates the benefits of mechanical thrombectomy. Therefore, it is of great importance to scientifically understand this complication. Recently, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out extensive investigations on the hemorrhagic transformation after mechanical thrombectomy. In this paper, the definition, classification, incidence, risk factors, prevention and management of hemorrhagic transformation were reviewed based on domestic and foreign literatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Morphological analysis of unruptured intracranial aneurysms is widely used in risk assessment and surgical design. Compared with the manual measurement in the two-dimensional perspective, the three-dimensional perspective can reflect the morphology changes of aneurysms more accurately. But the manual measurement in the three-dimensional perspective has poor accuracy and repeatability. Therefore, the measurement of artificial intelligence in the three-dimensional perspective has greater advantages than that of manual measurement. However, the method of aneurysm morphological measurement in the three-dimensional perspective based on artificial intelligence has not been proposed. The standardized measurement in the three-dimensional perspective is of great significance to the clinical and research application of morphological parameters. In this paper, a three-dimensional measurement method for unruptured intracranial aneurysms based on artificial intelligence is presented, in order to promote the homogenization of aneurysm research and the standardization of clinical diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerebral infarction is one of the diseases with high rates of disability and death worldwide, but there is still a lack of more effective treatments. Many studies showed that remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) can significantly improve ischemic tolerance of target organs, reduce infarct size and improve prognosis. However, its role and mechanism in the development of cerebral infarction are still little studied. This paper will summarize the role and mechanism of RIPC in cerebral infarction from the following aspects: neural, humoral, immune and related signaling pathways, and review the current research progress of RIPC in clinical cerebral ischemic diseases to provide a reference for subsequent research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a common neurosurgical disease. Its high mortality and disability rate and numerous complications bring a heavy burden to patients and society. Shunt-dependent hydrocephalus is one of the complications of this disease. Some patients may have no symptoms in the early stage of the disease, making it difficult to diagnose, leading to poor prognosis or even death. With the continuous progress of research, many indicators that have predictive value for shunt-dependent hydrocephalus have been reported in the literature. This paper aims to review these predictive indicators to help clinicians identify the patients with high risk of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage early, and take active intervention measures to improve the prognosis of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is less than ischemic stroke, but its mortality and disability rate are high. In China, nearly 46% of patients with ICH died or left serious disability within one year. Therefore, it is particularly important to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of ICH. In 2018, the American Heart Association (AHA) /American Stroke Association (ASA) developed clinical management indicators for patients with ICH based on the higher level of evidence level Ⅰ or Ⅲ recommendations in the guidelines for the management of spontaneous ICH, translating the guidelines into clinically practical quantitative indicators. From July 2021, the National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Neurological Diseases and the Management and Improvement of Chinese Medical Care Quality on Stroke, Chinese Stroke Association adopted the improved Delphi method and finally formulated an index system for medical quality control of ICH, including 11 indicators. This paper makes detailed interpretation of these 11 indicators in order to guide medical institutions to provide medical assistance for patients in the best time safely and effectively, improve the quality of medical assistance for patients with ICH, and improve the clinical outcome of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerebrovascular clinicians from different countries all over the world made great progress in the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral vascular diseases in recent years. Numerous high-quality clinical studies cover multiple fields and hotspots of cerebral vascular disease, such as thrombectomy/thrombolysis in the acute phase of ischemic stroke, intervention for atrial fibrillation, blood pressure management and other acute phase intervention measures, providing solid and reliable evidence-based medical evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment in cerebral vascular disease, and promoting the reduction of cerebral vascular disease burden. This paper reviews the important clinical research progress in the field of cerebral vascular disease in 2023, helping readers better understand the advantages and great significance of these clinical studies, and looking forward to more and better cerebral vascular disease clinical studies in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: In recent years, domestic radiotherapy equipment and related software have made great progress, and testing the functionality and stability of the equipment and software is an essential step. This paper focused on comparing the differences in intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans dosimetry and organ at risk (OAR) volume calculations for common cancers between uRT-treatment planning system (TPS) and Monaco-TPS, and to evaluate the feasibility of dose calculation for Infinity linac (linear accelerator, Elekta, Sweden) using uRT-TPS. Methods: Twenty cases of rectal cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer and nasopharyngeal carcinoma were selected. The IMRT plans were completed in uRT-TPS and Monaco-TPS. The dose uniformity and conformity, mean dose, maximum dose of planning target volume (PTV) and OAR between two plans under the same prescribed dose of PTV were compared. And the pass rates of two TPS plans validated at the same linear accelerator were compared. Meanwhile, monitor units (MU), source skin distance (SSD) and the volume of OAR in uRT-TPS and Monaco-TPS were compared. Results: Wonderful plans that met the clinical requirements were obtained in uRT-TPS and Monaco-TPS. Comparable uniformity and conformability was received in PTV, and the maximum dose of PTV was reduced by 1.1 Gy for uRT-TPS (P = 0.006). For breast cancer and lung cancer, the dose in lung was lower for Monaco-TPS (P＜0.05). For nasopharyngeal carcinoma, the dose indicators that oral cavity and throat in the uRT-TPS was reduced by 9.2% and 5.1%, respectively. The verification results of absolute point dose (＜3%) and three-dimensional surface dose (＞95%) for both plans met the clinical requirements. The region of interest in uRT-TPS was smaller compared with Monaco-TPS (P＜0.05). Conclusion: A comparable IMRT plan was obtained for common tumors in uRT-TPS and Monaco-TPS. It is feasible to calculate the dose of Infinity linac using uRT-TPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maintaining long-term stability of patient's condition is crucial in the treatment for bipolar disorder, while accurately assessing the patient's disease status is important and challenging in maintaining treatment. Excessive status expectation is common in patients with bipolar depression, which would warp the patient's perception of his or her own disease status and, thus, ultimately interfere with clinical decisions. Heightened vigilance should be given to such phenomenon. This paper explores the phenomenon and potential mechanisms of excessive status expectation in patients with bipolar disorder, providing ideas for related diagnosis, treatment and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing diversity and complexity of material requirements for underground water conservancy and water pipeline networks, the efficient and convenient design of special materials to meet individual needs through machine learning has become a hot topic of concern. Traditional supervised learning methods are all based on a large dataset to train models, but obtaining large datasets for special materials required in deeply buried underground water pipeline networks and high-end military equipment, such as rare and high-entropy alloys, etc. requires extremely high cost and a long period. To solve this problem, we propose a small sample expansion model-RX-SMOGN, using XGBoost and RFECV algorithms for feature screening. We enrich the dataset with the SMOGN algorithm. In this paper, the phase structure of high-entropy alloys is used as the research object, and traditional machine learning models are trained to predict them to verify the effectiveness of the RX-SMOGN model. From the results of 5-fold cross-verification and 4 evaluation indicators, it can be seen that the RX-SMOGN model fully improves the performance of the machine learning model, provides a more convenient method for alloy material design, and fully improves the efficiency of alloy material design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Federated learning uses data from multiple participants to collaboratively train global models and has played an increasingly important role in recent years in facilitating inter-firm data collaboration. On the other hand, the federal learning training paradigm often faces the dilemma of insufficient data, so it is important to provide assurance of fairness to motivate more participants to contribute their valuable resources. This paper illustrates the issue of fairness in federated learning. Firstly, three classifications of fairness based on different equity goals, from model performance balance, contribution assessment equity, and elimination of group discrimination are proposed, and then we provide indepth introduction and comparison of existing fairness promotion methods, aiming to help researchers develop new fairness promotion methods. Finally, by dissecting the needs in the process of federal learning implementation, five directions for future federated learning fairness research are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity is a major public health problem worldwide, which is linked to the development of chronic inflammation and its related complications, such 血 psoriasis, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, etc. Obesity and psoriasis can be influenced by multiple factors, such as dietary habits, immune factors, microbiota and environmental factors, but the specific mechanisms are not yet clear. The link between obesity and psoriasis is mainly mediated by fat factors in obese and psoriatic patients, which can activate pro-inflammatory factors, thereby exacerbating psoriasis symptoms. Obesity is one of the important risk factors for psoriatic patients・ And compared to normal weight individuals, overweight or obesity can worsen psoriasis・ This paper reviews the possible connections between obesity and psoriasis from multiple aspects, including epidemiology, anthropometric indicators, microbiota, diet, pro - inflammatory factors and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/Significance] With the rapid development of new media technology, social media platform has become the main carrier of information dissemination. Social network analysis (SNA) is used to study the information dissemination structure and mode of emergencies in microblog, which provides theoretical support for the government to effectively deal with emergencies and crises. [Methods/Process] Taking "Tangshan barbecue restaurant beating incident" as an example, Weibo data were collected to build an information dissemination network with strength relationship between nodes. Social network analysis has been used to analyze the user attributes, node attributes, network attributes and dissemination attributes of the information dissemination network, in order to explore the role of the strength relationship between nodes in emergency information transmission. [Results/Conclusions] 1) The factors of user gender, activity, and region affect their dissemination power. In particular, female users, users with high activity or influence and those in developed provinces have a stronger power of information transmission. 2) The core nodes that plays the role of "bridge" in the dissemination chain is particularly critical. Nodes with strong relationships generally occupy central positions in the information dissemination network and may mainly consist of opinion leaders and mainstream media with greater influence. The pathways of weak and authority relationships are mainly concentrated around a few core nodes, while the pathways of strong relationships are dispersed. 3) Emergency information transmission network has high efficiency and sparse characteristics. 4) The whole process of information transmission is still dominated by weak relationships. Authority relations play an important role in all stages of information transmission, while the role of strong relationships is mainly concentrated in the initial stage. The results of this paper help to deepen the understanding of the patterns and rules of emergency information dissemination, and provide some insights for more effective management and guidance of emergency information dissemination in a particular field such as agriculture. However, our research still has shortcomings, such as insufficient crawling of user attributes and insufficient research methods. In the future study, we will obtain more abundant characteristics of users involved in the dissemination such as age, occupation and education level through interviews or questionnaires, and introduce new methods such as machine learning and graph neural network to predict and analyze the transmission path and node relationship of emergency information, so as to cover these shortcomings, improve the comprehensiveness and effectiveness of the study and deeply explore the information dissemination rules of emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/Significance] With the rapid development of communication technology, the number of Internet users has increased rapidly, and the public opinion on the Internet has also developed according to the requirements of the times. Aiming at the online public opinion of public emergencies under the influence of emotional factors and the government's response strategies, a tripartite game model of netizens, online media and the government is constructed, and its development trend and the influence of emotional factors are simulated and analyzed. [Method/Process] This paper introduces the theory of hierarchical expected utility (RDEU), establishes a tripartite game model of netizens, online media and the government by using the replication dynamic equation, analyzes the influence of emotional factors on the behavioral decision-making of the main body and the development trend of public opinion of the three parties under the influence of different emotional states. Finally, through Matlab software simulation, the influence of emotional state on decision-making is analyzed, and the strategies and suggestions are proposed from the perspective of the government. Hierarchical expected utility theory (RDEU) is introduced to establish a tripartite evolutionary game model, the influence of emotional factors on the agent's behavior decision-making and the development trend of public opinion under the influence of different emotional states are analyzed, and the influence of emotional states on the agent's decision-making is also analyzed. [Results/Conclusions] Under the influence of emotional factors, different combinations of emotional states of each subject produce different results, and all three parties adopt different strategies according to the actual benefits, and the government's own emotions have the most obvious impact on the results of the evolutionary game. When the government has no mood or is in an optimistic mood, the online environment is relatively unstable, and it is necessary to strengthen the management of public opinion; when the government is in a pessimistic mood, the government needs to actively supervise and control public opinion so that public opinion will be well managed, and the network environment will be more harmonious. By analyzing the behavioral strategies of the tripartite game under the influence of emotional factors, the following suggestions are made on the management of public opinion from the government's perspective: 1) The government must always pay attention to the emotions of netizens, try to reduce the participation rate of netizens in online public opinion, strengthen education and improve the quality of netizens. 2) The government should reduce the dissemination of public opinion events by online media, encourage online media to report comprehensively and objectively, and avoid false information that causes negative emotions of the online public opinion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/Significance] In the era of mobile Internet, mobile phones are the most important information access tools. From the perspective of mobile phone use, this paper examines and reveals the information acquisition behavior of farmers, explores the information gap in rural areas, analyzes the characteristics of the information acquisition behavior of key groups, and provide insights into how to improve the information acquisition behavior and narrowing the information gap. The significance of the research is that, with a focus on digital inclusion, we start from the inclusive feature of the Internet and modern information technology, find out the key groups to pay attention to in the information gap, and put forward ideas on how to realize digital inclusion from the perspective of farmers' information acquisition and needs. [Method/Process] Based on the rural sample survey at the national level, principal component analysis and RIF regression analysis were used to measure farmers' information acquisition behavior and identify the role of key influencing factors in improving information acquisition behavior. This study analyzes farmers' information acquisition behavior from the perspective of mobile phone use, describes the micro characteristics of the information gap in rural areas, and makes the conclusion more scientific and generalizable based on the sample survey of farmers at the national level. [Results/Conclusions] The low "long tail" group in the evaluation results of farmers' information acquisition behavior exists in the aged people groups and the groups with the education level below junior middle school, which highlights the phenomenon of information gap in rural areas. Key explanatory variables have a more pronounced marginal effect on groups with low evaluation results of information acquisition behavior (below the median). Improving the impact of mobile phone use among key groups such as the elderly and the undereducated makes an important contribution to narrowing the information gap, which reflects the inevitable requirement of the concept of digital inclusion. Based on the improvement of network facilities, it is also necessary to pay attention to the use of mobile phone functions and information content acquisition of key groups, strengthen the accuracy of information supply, activate the information needs of key groups, and improve the adaptability of such groups in the digital environment. There are still more relatively poor and aging groups in rural areas, which need to be included in the digital inclusion path, improve the situation of vulnerable groups in the digital age, and provide the means to realize people's needs. Future research will pay more attention to promoting the provision of high-quality public service resources through digital tools, realizing the continuous empowerment of digital technology for rural development, and improving the digital literacy of citizens, especially rural residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/Significance] The implementation of the rural revitalization strategy is an important decision of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. It is worth discussing that university libraries should tap the potential of existing resources, better serve the knowledge and information transfer services of rural revitalization, and provide farmers with the necessary knowledge and information transfer services to improve farmers' cultural and information quality, increase agricultural labor productivity, and enrich farmers' spiritual and material lives. [Method/Process] From the perspective of knowledge and information transfer, this paper analyzes the main reasons that affect farmers' knowledge absorption at present, the changing characteristics of knowledge information transfer of university libraries in serving rural revitalization, and the main pathways and shortcomings of universities in serving rural revitalization at present. In order to effectively realize the knowledge information transfer service for most farmers, the study selects university libraries, rural libraries, agriculture-related enterprises and farmers as the subjects and nodes in the knowledge information transfer process and discusses the construction of two knowledge and information transfer pathway models. The first pathway is from libraries to rural libraries (intermediary platforms) to farmers, which mainly transfers general cultural knowledge to improve farmers' cultural quality and information quality. The second pathway is from libraries to agriculture-related enterprises (intermediary platforms) to farmers. This pathway mainly transfers agricultural science and technology, market and other information knowledge to improve farmers' labor productivity. At the same time, the roles and functions of the four participants in the pathway model are analyzed and expounded. In addition, in order to further implement the two new pathways, according to the four processes of knowledge socialization, externalization, integration and internalization described in the SECI theoretical model of knowledge transfer, as well as the transfer contents, transfer methods, transfer objects and the types of knowledge information in the two designed pathway models, the author constructs four knowledge information transfer process models, in which the transfer objects of model 1 and model 2 are rural libraries and farmers, and the transfer objects of model 3 and model 4 are agricultural enterprises and farmers. [Results/Conclusions] Finally, some suggestions are put forward, such as innovating the system and mechanism of university libraries to serve the rural revitalization of knowledge and information transfer, constructing the accurate knowledge information resource base and dissemination system for agriculture, countryside and farmers, improving the ability of rural personnel to obtain knowledge and information, tapping the potential of rural libraries, expanding the channels of knowledge and information transfer, giving play to the role of agriculture-related enterprises, and narrowing the gap of knowledge transfer situation, so as to realize the maximum transfer of knowledge and information to farmers and contribute to the implementation of China's rural revitalization strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]