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Objective To investigate the labial alveolar bone thickness of maxillary incisors and mesiodistal space in the maxillary adjacent central and lateral incisors based on cone beam computed tomography(CBCT) image data, and provide reference for aesthetic implantation in cases of consecutive missing maxillary incisors. Methods CBCT image data of 619 patients were selected in this study.The labial alveolar bone thickness of maxillary incisors as well as the mesiodistal space in the maxillary adjacent central and lateral incisors were measured at three millimeters apical to the cementoenamel junctio, followed by statistical analysis. Results The labial alveolar bone thickness at the maxillary central incisor and lateral incisor locations was (1.03±0.32)mm and (0.96±0.36)mm, respectively, with central incisors having greater thickness than lateral incisors. The mesiodistal space in the maxillary adjacent central and lateral incisors was (15.94±1.18)mm, with males (16.31±1.13)mm exhibiting slightly greater space than females (15.59±1.12)mm, showing no left-right positional differences. Among these, 5.01% failed to satisfy a space of 14 mm. Conclusion The majority of maxillary incisors fail to meet the ideal thickness requirements of labial alveolar bone for implantation, necessitating bone augmentation surgery. For the maxillary adjacent central and lateral incisors, approximately 5.01% of the mesiodistal spaces fail to meet the essential horizontal distance for the placement of two implants. In such situations after tooth loss, it is recommended to place only one implant in the region of the central incisor and aprosthetic restoration consisting of an implant crown on this implant connected with a cantilever at the position of the lateral incisor for long-term aesthetic results.

Objective·To construct an mRNA vaccine encoding hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza A H1N1 virus, and explore the protective effects of different booster vaccination strategies.Methods·Firefly luciferase (Fluc) was used as the reporter gene to construct Fluc mRNA vaccine enveloped in lipid nanoparticles (LNP). The in vivo expression of Fluc mRNA-LNP after intramuscular injection was determined by live imaging assay in mice. Furthermore, M15-HA mRNA-LNP derived from H1N1 subtype (A/Michigan/45/2015) was constructed. Mice were immunized with 20, 10, 5, or 1 µg doses of M15-HA mRNA-LNP twice (with an interval of 3 weeks) through intramuscular injection. Serum antibody titers were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at 2 weeks and 4 weeks after the second immunization, and functional antibody levels were detected by hemagglutination inhibition test. The third booster vaccination was performed 40 d after the second immunization in 1 µg dose group with 1 µg M15-HA mRNA-LNP or 10 µg HA subunit vaccine. The levels of specific antibody and functional antibody were detected by ELISA and hemagglutination inhibition test, respectively 2 weeks and 4 weeks later.Results·Live imaging assay showed that luciferase activity could be detected in mice 1 d after injection of Fluc mRNA-LNP. At 2 weeks and 4 weeks after the second immunization of M15-HA mRNA-LNP, HA-specific antibodies were significantly higher than those before the immunization in all vaccination groups at different doses (P=0.000). The hemagglutination inhibition test showed that the levels of functional antibodies in the 20 μg dose and 10 μg dose groups were significantly higher than those in the PBS control group (P

In order to effectively solve the problems of CA's cross certification and single point of failure in traditional PKI system, a new identity authentication mechanism was proposed. Firstly, this mechanism built the basic architecture based on blockchain, and built the trusted alliance by dynamically generating trusted nodes. Secondly, the whole network unified unique identity was proposed and used a new data structure, named SRT, to store. Finally, all nodes in the network could mutual authentication through the double layer consensus mechanism. Experiments show that this mechanism can meet the query and management of massive user identity information, and ensure the efficiency and security in the identity authentication process.

Nanomaterials have been widely used in many fields for their antibacterial and antiseptic effects, but their antibacterial properties cannot be brought into full play due to the aggregation of particles. The composite of nanoparticles and polymer materials can prevent the aggregation of nanoparticles to a certain extent, so turning nanomaterials into polymer composites for the applications in the field of antisepsis and preservation of agricultural products will have a broad prospect. In this study, pathogenic fungi were isolated from Dongzao jujube by the tissue isolation method, and their pathogenicity was verified by the Koch's law. The compound preservative was prepared by mixing nano-TiO2 with the substrate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. The plate bacteriostasis experiment was carried out on the isolated pathogenic bacteria, and the inhibition mechanism was preliminarily explored. The results showed that the isolated Dongzao jujube fruit rot was Fusarium sp. In vitro experiments showed that the nano-TiO2 compound preservative solution inhibited the growth of Fusarium sp. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration on pathogenic spores were 9.77x10-3 g/L and 39.06x10-3 g/L respectively. The nano-TiO2 preservative solution inhibited the growth of pathogen mainly by destroying the fungal cell membrane; the research on the preservation of Dongzhao jujube confirmed that the preservative solution can significantly reduce the rate of fruit rot and delay the reduction of the Vc content in the fruit. In conclusion, the composite solution of nano-TiO2 and CMC-Na can be used as an effective antibacterial means to control Fusarium in the postharvest jujube fruits, which provides effective technical support for prolonging the shelf-life of dongzao jujube. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

;In order to explore the design and weaving of dragonfly pattern in small jacquard fabric, the design points were analyzed in this paper, dragonfly patterned jacquard fabric was designed with three design methods; horizontal jump, plain ground and warp rise, and dobby CAD software was used to simulate the fabric, and the simulation effect was analyzed. The results show that the pattern layout of the dragonfly pattern is symmetrical, the pattern is clear, the yarn tension is even, but the pattern size is small. The pattern contrast of designed dragonfly pattern plain jacquard fabric is outstanding, the fabric surface will present a rich visual effect when colored yarn with obvious contrast. The small jacquard fabric of dragonfly design has symmetrical layout, clear pattern, vivid wave, large size and relief effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A numerical model was developed on the diffusion, migration and concentration distribution of exhausts and particles in atmospheric wind field at Antarctica. The characteristics of diffusion, migration and concentration distribution of exhausts and particles generated by fuel engine was studied using computational fluid dynamics combined with particle dynamics and DSMC (direct simulation Monte Carlo) method. The results show that the mass concentration of NO2 and exhaust temperature decrease rapidly near the exhaust pipe, while the exhaust diffusion decrease slowly away from the exhaust pipe. The collision and cohesion reduces the concentration of the particles in atmospheric wind field, with the reduction of the influence region by the diffusion of particles in the atmospheric environment It increases the mass concentration of particles in each location by the increase of mass flow rate and initial size of the particles and the decrease of the atmospheric wind velocity. Althrough the influence radius varies with the particle flow rate, initial size and wind velocity, the mass concentration of particles meets the national standard at the distance of about 40 m away from the particle diffusion source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effects of tanshinone II A ( Tan II A) on the intermittent high glucose (IHG)- induced oxidative stress and apoptosis of Schwann cells (SCs) in suckling rat. Methods Cultured SCs of newborn suckling rats were randomized into several groups including control (con, 5.6 mmol/L glucose), stable high glucose (HG, 50 mmol/L glucose), IHG (5.6 and 50.0 mmol/L glucoseper 8 h alternative), osmotic control, ALA (500 µmol/L) and IHG in the presence of 0.1, 1.0, 10.0 µmol/L Tan II A. Apoptosis rate, oxidative stress level, expression of apoptosis related proteins and the mRNA in the cells were detected. Results (1) The percentages of apoptotic cells exposed to HG ((34.57± 2.45)%) and IHG ((40.17±2.33)%) were significantly higher than that in control group ((4.74±0.26)%). Furthermore, apoptosis rate of IHG was much higher than that of HG (t=3.70,P<0.01). (2) ROS and 8-OHdG levels increased significantly in the IHG group compared with those in control and HG groups (F=73.44, 194.21, P<0.01). IHG exposure up-regulated expression of bax protein and mRNA (F=66.78, 126.69, both P<0.01), while down-regulating expression of bcl-2 protein and mRNA (F=151.88,54.99,both P<0.01). In addition, IHG increased activities of caspase-3 and (poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, PARP) (129% ,18% , 139% ,56% ,all P<0.01). (3) Treatment with 1.0 µmol/L and 10.0 µmol/L of Tan IIA inhibited IHG-enhanced ROS production and 8-OHdG levels (t=3.50-6.47,P<0.05). Bax protein and mRNA (t=3.59-5.39,P<0.01), PARP and caspase-3 activation (42%,61%,13%,34%,all P<0.01), and SC apoptosis (t= 12.39, 21.26, P<0.01)were decreased with Tan µ A, too. Conclusions Tan µ A decreases IHG-induced apoptosis via reducing oxidative stressin SCs of newborn suckling rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP- 1c) suppressing insulin receptor substrate-1(IRS-1) in skeletal muscle cells. Methods Luciferase plasmid for rat IRS- 1 promoter, expression plasmid of SREBP-1c and pRL-TK renilla plasmid were cotransfected into L6 cells using Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen). After transfection for 36 h, luciferase activity was measured using the dual-luciferase reporter assay system following the manufacturer' s instructions. L6 myotubes were infected with adenoviral vectors expressing SREBP-1c. Adenovirus expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) was used as control. The cells were harvested for nucleus protein after infection for 48 h. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was performed using a Light Shift Chemiluminescent EMSA Kit. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was performed by CHIP Kit. The interaction between the transcription factor SREBP-1c and the promoter region of IRS-1 was assessed by above experiments. Differences among the groups were determined using two-way ANOVA. Results The luciferase deletion studies suggested the region from -450 to -210 bp on the IRS-1 promoter was a potential target region for SREBP-1c. Sequence analysis showed that the target region of the rat IRS-1 promoter gene contained a potential binding site (GCCTCCCGAG), which was located between -302 and -292 bp. PCR site- directed mutagenesis (TGTTAAATTA) was generated and analyzed using a luciferase assay. The transcriptional activity of wild-type IRS-1 promoter was dramatically down-regulated by SREBP-1c, whereas SREBP-1c had no effect on the IRS-1 promoter bearing mutation of SREBP-1c binding site(7.03±1.28 vs 19.09±2.45,3.55±1.68 vs 3.96±1.09,F=114.437,0.251,all P>0.05). The EMSA results showed that the labeled wild- type probe successfully formed a complex with nuclear proteins. But the unlabelled mutant probe did not interfere the complex. The results from CHIP assay showed that SREBP-1c could bind directly to the IRS- 1 promoter region. The quantity of SREBP- 1c protein binding to the IRS- 1 promoter was two times of control under PA conditions in L6 cells or five times of control when SREBP-1c was over-expressed (2.15±0.03 vs 1.07±0.24,5.48±1.28 vs 0.86±0.19,t=6.877,5.495,all P<0.05). Conclusion SREBP- 1c could directly bind to the atypical SRE sequence in the promoter region of IRS- 1, suppressing IRS- 1 expression and the subsequent insulin signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the clinical phenotype and genetic characteristics of a Chinese pedigree affected with Hereditary antithrombin deficiency., Methods: A pedigree diagnosed at the the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Yuying Children's Hospital in June, 2020 was selected as the study subject. Plasma prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (FIB), and thrombin time (TT) of the probands and their pedigree members were determined using a STA-R automatic coagulation analyzer. Antithrombin activity (AT: A) and antithrombin antigen (AT: Ag) in plasma were determined with chromogenic substrate and immunonephelometry assays. All exons and flanking sequences of the anticoagulant protein gene SERPINC1 were amplified by PCR and subjected to Sanger sequencing. Candidate variants were verified with bioinformatic tools (PolyPhen-2, SIFT, Mutation Taster and PYMOL) to explore their effect on the function and structural conformation of the protein., Results: The probands (II-2, II-10), their brother (II-5) and sons (III-1, III-8) had shown normal PT, APTT, FIB, and TT, but significantly decreased AT: A and AT: Ag, with their levels being 34%, 57%, 56%, 48%, 53% and 13.51 mg/dL, 13.44 mg/dL, 18.39 mg/dL, 17.36 mg/dL, 17.71 mg/dL, respectively. The remaining pedigree members had normal values. Sanger sequencing revealed that the probands and all affected pedigree members had harbored a heterozygous c.851T>C (p.Met284Thr) missense variant in exon 5 of the SERPINC1 gene. Bioinformatic analysis and simulation suggested that the variant has resulted in alteration of hydrogen bonds at the c.851 position, which may affect the structure of the protein. Based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), the variant was classified as pathogenic (PS1+PM1+PM5+PP1+PP4)., Conclusion: The probands and other affected members were all diagnosed with type I hereditary AT deficiency, for which the c.851T>C (p.Met284Thr) variant of the SERPINC1 gene may be accountable.

Objective To explore the regulatory axis of circular RNA Cbl proto-oncogene B (circCBLB)/miR-486-5p on the proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammatory cytokines of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA-FLS). Methods Human RA-FLS were stimulated with 100 μL of 10 ng/mL of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) to establish the model. The binding relationship of circCBLB/miR-486-5p was validated by a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. pcDNA3.1/siRNA-circCBLB, negative control (pcDNA3.1-NC/si-NC), and miR-486-5p-mimics were created and transfected into RA-FLS, respectively. The experiment was divided into seven groups: control, TNF-α-treated RA-FLS, pcDNA3.1-circCBLB, pcDNA3.1-NC, si-circCBLB, si-NC, and pcDNA3.1-circCBLB combined with miR-486-5p-mimics. Cell viability was assessed by a CCK-8 assay; cell cycle and apoptosis by flow cytometry; colony formation ability by a colony formation assay; and the expression levels of circCBLB and miR-486-5p by real-time quantitative PCR. The levels of interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-10, IL-6 and TNF-α were measured by ELISA. Results The dual-luciferase reporter gene assay showed that circCBLB bound to the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of miR-486-5p. Compared with the model group at the same time point, the cell viability of the overexpression group was lower, while that of the interference group was higher. Compared with the model group, the overexpression group had a higher apoptosis rate, a higher proportion in S and G2 phases, a lower colony formation rate, a lower miR-486-5p expression level, higher IL-4 and IL-10 levels, and lower IL-6 and TNF-α levels. The interference group had a lower apoptosis rate, a lower proportion in S and G2 phases, a higher colony formation rate, a higher miR-486-5p expression level, and a higher TNF-α level. The pcDNA3.1-circCBLB combined with miR-486-5p-mimics group reversed the effects of circCBLB on cell viability, apoptosis rate, cell cycle, colony formation ability, antiinflammatory cytokines, and proinflammatory cytokines. Conclusion circCBLB inhibits the viability of RA-FLS, increases apoptosis rate, prolongs the cell cycle, reduces colony formation ability, increases antiinflammatory cytokines, and decreases proinflammatory cytokines. In contrast, miR-486-5p has opposite regulatory effects on circCBLB and can partially reverse and offset the effects of circCBLB.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of YANG's pricking-cupping therapy for knee osteoar thritis (KOA). Methods This was a multi-center randomized parallel controlled trial. One hundred and seventy one patients with KOA were randomly allocated to a pricking-cupping group (89 cases) and a conventional acu puncture group (82 cases). Neixiyan (EX-LE 4), Dubi (ST 35) and ashi points were selected in the two groups. Patients in the pricking-cupping group were treated with YANG's pricking-cupping therapy; the seven-star needles were used to perform pricking at acupoints, then cupping was used until slight bleeding was observed. Patients in the conventional acupuncture group were treated with semi-standardized filiform needle therapy. The treatment was given for 4 weeks (from a minimum of 5 times to a maximum of 10 times). The follow-up visit was 4 weeks. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the visual analogue scale (VAS) were adopted for the efficacy assessments., Results: The pain score, stiffness score, physical function score and total score of WOMAC were all reduced after 4-week treatment and during follow-up visit in the two groups (all P<0. 0001). Except that the difference of stiffness score between the two groups was not significant after 4-week treatment (P>0. 05), each score and total score of WOMAC in the pricking-cupping group were lower than those in the conventional acupuncture group after 4-week treatment and during follow-up visit (P<0. 0001, P<0. 01). After 2-week treatment, 4-week treatment and during follow-up visit, the VAS was all reduced compared with that before treatment (all P<0. 0001) ; with the increase of the treatment, the reducing trend of VAS was more significant (P<0. 0001). The scores of VAS in the pricking-cupping group were lower than those in the conventional acupuncture group after 4-week treatment and during follow-up visit (P < 0. 01, P <0. 0001). CONCLUSION The YANG's pricking-cupping and conventional acupuncture therapy can both significantly improve knee joint pain and function in patients with KOA, which are relatively safe. The pricking cupping therapy is superior to conventional acupuncture with the identical selection of acupoints.

Objective: To reproduce a clinically relevant "two-hit" model of sepsis complicated by pneumonia and to explore the correlation between "two-hit" and immune state., Methods: Eighty-one male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into groups according to the random number table. Forty-five male rats were assigned respectively to sepsis-alone group, pneumonia 4 days and 7 days after sepsis groups, respectively. Survival rate of each group was observed. Another group of 36 male rats were divided into normal control group, sepsis-alone for 1, 4 and 7 days groups, and sepsis complicated by pneumonia for 4 days and 7 days after sepsis groups, each group consisted of 6 rats. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was done in rats, and Streptococcus pneumoniae suspension (bacteria count 1 x 10(10) cfu/mL) was injected via the nose on the 4th day or 7th day after CLP. Rats were sacrificed at corresponding time points, and 1 day after challenge of Streptococcus pneumoniae on the 4 days or 7 days post CLP for the collection of blood and tissue samples to make bacterial count of the blood, splenocyte count, biochemical indices, cytokines concentration, pathological changes in spleen and apoptotic cells., Results: (1) Compared with the rats of sepsis-alone group, the rats in pneumonia 4 days after CLP group had poor survival rate (4 vs. 11, χ2 = 6.533, P = 0.011), while no difference was found between pneumonia 7 days after CLP group and sepsis-alone group (9 vs. 11, χ2 = 0.600, P = 0.439). (2) The blood bacterial count and all the biochemical indexes were sharply increased on 1 day post-CLP in the rats of sepsis-alone group, and then they gradually lowered. Compared with the rats of 1 day post-CLP, the proportion of splenocytes were decreased on the 4th day post-CLP [dendritic cells (DC): (0.69 ± 0.09)% vs. (0.87 ± 0.31)%, CD4+ T cells: (21.05 ± 2.89)% vs. (24.84 ± 4.59)%, CD8+ T cells: (10.62 ± 1.79)% vs. (13.40 ± 1.31 )%, all P < 0.05], but T-regulatory cell (Treg) count was higher on the 4th day after CLP compared with sepsis-alone rats [(3.14 ± 0.74 )% vs. (2.87 ± 1.08)%, P < 0.05]. The biochemical indices, including alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (SCr) were obviously lowered on 7 days post-CLP compared with 1 day after CLP [ALT (U/L): 35.33 ± 11.52 vs. 81.00 ± 38.40, AST (U/L): 70.33 ± 42.16 vs. 156.00 ± 28.11, BUN (mmol/L): 5.30 ± 2.27 vs. 9.13 ± 4.04, SCr (1μmol/L): 55.33 ± 10.67 vs. 96.67 ± 45.79, all P < 0.05]. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukins (IL-6, IL-1β) peaked on the 1st day after CLP [TNF-α: (18.03 ± 2.88) ng/L, IL-6: ( 10.37 ± 4.20) ng/L, IL-1β: ( 102.44 ± 51.46) ng/L], and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) peaked on the 4th day after CLP [(1.76 ± 0.71) μg/L]. The levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-I (sTNFR-I) maintained at high levels [7 days post-CLP: TGF-β1 was (0.90 ± 0.56) ng/L, sTNFR-I was (1.56 ± 0.39) ng/L]. The spleen pathology became more marked with the time in the group of sepsis-alone, meanwhile the number of apoptotic spleencytes increased 4 days post-CLP as compared with that of the 1st day post-CLP (cells/HP: 52.99 ± 20.79 vs. 16.05 ± 3.28, P < 0.05). (3) Compared with the same period of sepsis-alone group, the rats with pneumonia 4 days post-CLP group showed a higher blood bacterial count (log cfu/mL: 1.78 ± 0.54 vs. 0.25 ± 0.18, P < 0.05), while no difference was found between 7-day of post-CLP pneumonia group and sepsis-alone group (log cfu/mL: 0.57 ± 0.46 vs. 0.13 ± 0.12, P > 0.05). The same trend of changes, with slight reduction in splenocytes and biochemical indices were found between the groups of sepsis followed by pneumonia and sepsis-alone, but no significant difference was found. The level of HMGB1 in the 4-day group of sepsis with complication of pneumonia was further decreased compared with sepsis-alone group (μg/L: 1.17 ± 0.74 vs. 1.76 ± 0.71, P < 0.05), and IL-1β in the 7-day group of sepsis complicated pneumonia was further higher than those of sepsis-alone group in the same period (ng/L: 105.73 ± 25.06 vs. 61.04 ± 31.29, P < 0.05), while there were no differences in levels of other cytokines between "two-hit" group and sepsis-alone group. Apoptosis of spleencytes in the 4-day group of sepsis complicated pneumonia was more marked than that of sepsis-alone group at the same period (cells/HP: 74.48 ± 22.47 vs. 52.99 ± 20.79, P < 0.05), while no difference was found between the 7-day groups of sepsis complicated pneumonia and the sepsis-alone group (cells/HP: 28.70 ± 4.13 vs. 30.43 ± 14.55, P > 0.05)., Conclusions: The mortality of this "two-hit" model with complication of pneumonia 4 days after CLP was significantly higher than that of single sepsis model. The ability of bacteria clearance was decreased, and immunocyte apoptosis was exacerbated. These findings may be with the result of the occurrence of immunoparalysis in the mid stage of sepsis. The "two-hit" model reproduced on 7 days after CLP might suggest reconstruction of host immune function, and maybe associated with the recovery of immune response.

Objective: Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) is a master regulator of fatty acid synthase and controls lipogenesis. And insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) is a key insulin signaling mediator in skeletal muscle. The present study was conducted to explore the mechanism of SREBP-1c in the regulation of IRS-1 in skeletal muscle cells and elucidate the role of SREBP-1c in high fat-induced skeletal muscle insulin resistance., Methods: L6 cells differentiated into myotubes in differentiation medium with 2%FBS. An in vitro insulin resistant model in L6 myotubes was established by 500 µmol/L of palmitate acid (PA). SREBP-1c, p-IRS-1(Tyr608/612), IRS-1, p-AKT (Ser473) and AKT were detected by Western blot after incubating L6 myobutes with 500 µmol/L of PA for 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, 18 or 24 h.SREBP-1c, FAS and molecules related to insulin signaling pathway were detected by Western blot when L6 myotubes over-expressed SREBP-1c or after a treatment of liver X receptor (LXR) agonist (TO901317, 5 µmol/L). The regulatory effects of transcription factor SREBP-1c on promoter region of IRS-1 were assessed by dual-luciferase reporter assay., Results: SREBP-1c protein expression increased significantly after 1-hour exposure to PA. The protein levels of p-IRS-1(Tyr608/612),IRS-1 and p-AKt (Ser473) decreased significantly after a 6-hour incubation of PA. However AKT protein levels were unaffected. The protein expressions of SREBP-1c and FAS were up-regulated by LXR agonist treatment versus controls. By contrast, LXR agonist treatment led to decreased expressions of IRS-1, p-IRS-1(Tyr608/612) and p-AKt (Ser473)/AKT proteins versus controls. The expressions of related proteins were similar to the observations made with LXR agonist intervention. The results of dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that IRS-1 promoter activity was repressed significantly by SREBP-1c over-expression or TO901317 treatment whereas the dominant negative form of SREBP-1c (a mutant of Tyr320Ala lacking the ability of binding DNA) had no effect., Conclusion: SREBP-1c may suppress IRS-1 expression and the subsequent insulin signaling pathway. And it plays a key role in PA-induced insulin resistance of skeletal muscle.

Objective: This study was designed to explore the risk factors associated with severity of juvenile onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis., Method: A retrospective study was conducted to study determinants of severe forms of juvenile recurrent onset respiratory papillomatosis. The patients were separated into different groups based on the onset age, the first recurrence of age, the first recurrence of period, gender and incision of tracheal respectively. The relationship among the lesion severity score,the involvement of the subregion, operation period and the next operation period were also explored., Result: It was observed that some children who recurred before 4 years old required more surgery, shorter operation period(the average, longest or shortest operation period) than those elder children, the differences were statistically (P=0. 029, 0. 003, 0. 010, 0. 039, respectively). The severity score of lesion was correlated positively with the involvement of the subregion and negatively with operation period (r=0. 914, -0. 451, respectively). Some children who diagnosed before 4 years old had to endure more severity score and shorter operation period than those older children, the differences were statistically (P= 0. 036, 0. 000, respectively). 8 cases accepted incision of tracheal, they accepted more surgery too. But the differences in the onset age, the first recurrence of age, and the operation period were not statistically., Conclusion: The results showed that the clinical course of juvenile onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis was closely related to the first recurrence age and period, while the severity of disease was associated to the onset age and the involvement of the subregion.