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Objective To analyze the effect of Bushen Jianpi prescription on serum osteoclast, osteogenesis related factors and intestinal flora in postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP). Methods Eighty patients with PMOP admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from March 2021 to December 2022 were randomly divided into combined group and control group by simple randomization method, with 40 patients in each group. The control group was treated with calcium carbonate vitamin D3 tablets, while the combined group was supplemented with Bushen Jianpi prescription on the basis of the control group. The treatment of both groups lasted for 8 weeks. The changes of serum osteoclast and osteogenesis-related factors ［β-isomer of C-terminal telopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen（β-CTX）, procollagen type Ⅰ Nterminal propeptide (P1NP)］in the two groups before and after treatment were detected, and the changes of Chinese medicine symptom score before and after treatment were evaluated, and the changes of intestinal flora were compared. Results After 8 weeks of treatment, β-CTX and P1NP in both groups decreased compared with those before treatment,and in the combined group were lower than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). After 8 weeks of treatment, the scores of symptoms of low back pain, weakness of waist and knees, lower limb cramps, difficulty in walking and difficulty in carrying weight in both groups decreased compared with those before treatment,and in the combined group were lower than those in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). After 8 weeks of treatment, the total effective rate of the combined group was 92.50%, which was higher than that of the control group (75.00%) (P＜0.05). After 8 weeks of treatment, the number of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in feces in both groups increased compared with that before treatment, while the number of Escherichia coli decreased compared with that before treatment. After 8 weeks of treatment, the number of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in feces of the combined group was higher than that of the control group, and the number of Escherichia coli was lower than that of the control group (P＜0.05). There was no obvious adverse reactions in both groups during treatment. Conclusion For patients with PMOP, Bushen Jianpi prescription on the basis of calcium supplementation is helpful to regulate the levels of serum osteoclast, osteogenesis-related factors and intestinal flora, improve the clinical symptoms of patients and further improve the therapeutic effect, and it is safe.

In order to protect the organic relics and fragile relics inside “Yangtze River Estuary II” ancient ship, the ancient ship will be salvaged and transferred to a dry dock. The condition of the salvaged ancient ships is poor, and the requirements for the protection of cultural relics inside the ship are high. The dry dock used is the former abandoned dock which is not in good condition. Based on the analysis of the current situation of the abandoned dock, hydrological data, the timing of docking and comprehensive analysis of ancient ship handling scheme, the process flow of docking under complex conditions is summarized, which also provides a new process idea for subsequent similar projects.

Sleep disorders can lead to persistent immune responses, activate related signal transduction pathways, and keep the body in a low⁃grade inflammatory state, which is a state of the level of proinflammatory factors is increased but does not cause invasive tissue damage or dysfunction. Long⁃term persistent chronic low ⁃ grade inflammation (CLGI) can promote the occurrence and development of sleep disorders. This article reviews the research progress of CLGI and sleep disorders, and explores new targets for the treatment of sleep disorders.

Background and purpose: The interaction of CXC motif chemokine receptor (CXCR) on the cell surface of multiple myeloma (MM) with chemokines in the bone marrow microenvironment is involved in proliferation, survival and extramedullary invasion of MM cells. Sinomenine derivative YL064 exerts its biological effects by targeting intracellular signaling regulators in MM cells. This study aimed to explore possible modulating and biological effects of sinomenine derivative YL064 on CXCR3 in MM cells. Methods: The MM cell lines H929 and MM1.S were used as in vitro models. H929-OE and MM1.S-OE cells with stable overexpression of CXCR3 were constructed with lentivirus vector. The effects of CXCR3 on clonal formation and migration of MM cells were detected by clone spot formation and transwell migration assay. Meanwhile, flow cytometry was used to analyze apoptotic rates of H929, H929-OE, MM1.S and MM1.S-OE cells treated with different concentrations of YL064. Furthermore, real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR) and Western blot assay were applied to detect expression levels of CXCR3 and its downstream signal regulators extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) and p-protein kinase B (p-AKT) in H929 and MM1.S cells before and after the treatment with YL064. Results: The clonal formation rates of H929-OE and MM1.S-OE cells with CXCR3 overexpression reached to 81.33%±5.79% and 73.00%±4.90%, which were significantly higher compared with H929 (58.33%±3.30%) and MM1.S cells (41.00%±3.14%). The migration proportion of H929-OE and MM1.S-OE cells were 7.90%±0.81% and 23.00%±1.63%, which were significantly higher compared with H929 (4.63%±0.37%) and MM1.S cells (14.63%±1.04%). After treatment with YL064, the apoptotic rates of H929-OE and MM1.S-OE cells were 29.80%±0.30% and 14.20%±0.26%, which were lower than those of H929 (33.40%±0.25%) and MM1.S cells (21.60%±0.21%). It was also shown that YL064 could reduce clonal formation and migration, inhibit CXCR3 gene transcription and downregulate expressions of CXCR3, ERK and AKT in H929 and MM1.S cells. Conclusions: CXCR3 might promote proliferation and invasion of MM cells. Sinomenine derivative YL064 could downregulate expressions of CXCR3 and its downstream signal regulators in MM cells, reduce abilities of clonal formation and migration, and induce apoptosis.

In order to explore the light demand characteristics of Kaempferia parviflora and provide the theoretical basis for its cultivation in South China, the shading cultivation experiment of K. parviflora was carried out during its tuber propagation period. The fresh and dry weights of the underground and aboveground parts of K. parvifloria which were cultivated under different shading treatments were measured. Followingly, the data of monthly growth, water content and yield were also obtained. The results showed that: In the early growth period ( from July to August ), different shading treatments had no significant effect on the growth of aboveground and underground parts of Kaempferia parviflora. In the late growth period ( from November to January of the next year ), 30 % shading treatment was beneficial to the growth of the aboveground part of Kaempferia parviflora, and full illumination was beneficial to the growth of the underground part of Kaempferia parviflora. The rapid growth period of the aboveground part of Kaempferia parviflora was concentrated from August to November, and the rapid growth period of the underground part was concentrated from October to December. The moderate shading treatment (30 % shading degree) was beneficial to improve the yield of Kaempferia parviflora. However, too high shading degree (50% shading degree) would greatly reduce the yield of Kaempferia parviflora. Therefore, 30% shading degree in the summer and full illumination in the autumn and winter would be the best illumination pattern for the plantation of K. parviflora in the southern China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yunnan is located in the center of the east-Asian karst area, one of the three largest karst areas in the world. Rocky desertification is widespread in the area, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of local social economy. In this study, we summarize the research status and achievements of rocky desertification in Yunnan mainly from three aspects, rocky desertification zoning, governance model and vegetation restoration in rocky desertification areas. The results show that rocky desertification areas in Yunnan are divided into 2 large areas and 5 small ones. After years of exploration, 23 kinds in 4 categories of rocky desertification control models have been formed, and 435 kinds of plant species can be used for ecological restoration in rocky desertification areas, including 376 species of shrubs and 59 species of herbs. Finally, combined with geographical location, climate and altitude, this paper preliminarily summarizes the suitable restoration vegetation, and points out the shortcomings in the studies on the control of rocky desertification, so as to provide an important theoretical reference for the subsequent research on the restoration and control of rocky desertification vegetation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Copper nickel and zinc concentrates all belong to metal sulfide minerals and are import commodities. The rapid and accurate analysis of dispersed elements in these samples is beneficial to the comprehensive utilization of mineral. However, the content of rare elements in such minerals is extremely low, and the properties of each element are different. In particular, Ge and Se cannot be precisely determined due to volatilization loss in wet digestion, and it is difficult to simultaneously measure various elements. OBJECTIVES To simultaneously determine the various elements in the sample. METHODS Copper, zinc and nickel concentrates were used as representative sulfide minerals. The sample was pre-sealed by microwave digestion, and the content of rare elements was determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Simultaneous determination of various elements was realized. The experimental conditions of total solid solution, internal standard, mass spectrum interference elimination and pretreatment acid selection were compared. RESULTS During determination of Ga, Ge, Se, Cd, In, Te, La and Tl by microwave digestion in ICP-MS analysis, total amount of solid solution, internal standard, and mass spectrum interference elimination conditions was consistent in three types of metal sulfide ores. Unfortunately, the acid types were not the same. HNO3-HCl-HF-H2O2 system was more suitable for measuring Ga, Ge, Se, Cd, In, Te, La and Tl in nickel and zinc concentrates, and Ga, Ge, Se, Cd, In, La and Tl in copper concentrate. The recoveries of these elements ranged from 85.5% to 116.6%. The HCl-HNO3 (3:1) system was more suitable for detecting Te in copper concentrate. CONCLUSIONS The method is simple, and the simultaneous determination of multiple elements is realized. Other factors of the method are the same, the acid digestion system is the key to selection.

High content of Si phase is a critical problem in the ilmenite for the upgrade of titanium slag from Sichuan. The gravity concentration method was proposed to separate the SiO2 phase from the ilmenite. Particles with different size were prepared by ball milling process, then the particles were treated by heavy machine. The separation effects of different factors (such as particle size, particle proportion and stroke) on the Si phase from ilmenite were investigated. These results indicate that the proportion of particles with less than -200 mesh (<75 µm) increases with the grinding time extension. When the grinding time is 8 min, the proportion of particles with less than -200 mesh reaches 83.0% (mass fraction). With the increasing of the stroke, the content of SiO2 and the recovery rate of TiO2 increase. When the stroke is 15 mm, the content of SiO2 decreases to 1.07% (mass fraction) from 2.46%. Three different parties are divided after gravity concentration treatment, the content relation of TiO2 is ilmenite > middling product > tailing, and the content relation of SiO2 is ilmenite < middling product < tailing. The minimum content of SiO2 reaches 0.93% (mass fraction) when the proportion of particles with less than - 200 mesh is 85.5% (mass fraction). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The roundness of gravel particles is of great significance to the sedimentary facies of clastic particles. Through examining the underground drilling cores of the Lower Triassic Baikouquan Formation in Mahu Sag, using the de-flat roundness measurement, the quantitative relationship between gravel roundness and sedimentary microfacies in the fan delta deposition was obtained. In Huangyangquan fan, the distribution characteristics of roundness and their corresponding variance were analyzed, and the rationality of quantitative roundness characterization was discussed. The results show that the roundness of the gravel deposition in the fan delta is generally poor, mostly sub-angular & rounded and sub-angular. Gravel roundness by traction flow deposits is generally better than that by gravity flow deposits. Moreover, the roundness variance by traction flow is significantly lower than that by gravity flow deposits, indicating that the roundness distribution in the channel deposits is more concentrated. In Huangyangquan fan, the roundness is mainly angular to sub-angular. According to the trend of roundness and variance of conglomerate gravel particles in Huangyangquan, roundness can be an indicator of sedimentary facies. From the above, the quantitative characterization of gravel roundness could be a new quantitative sedimentology method for the analysis of coarse-grained clastic sedimentary facies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the effect of genetic variation on the prognosis of children with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and its association with cytokines. Methods A total of 81 EBV-positive HLH children who received the sequencing of related genes were enrolled. According to the results of gene detection, they were divided into a non-mutation group and a mutation group. According to the pattern of gene mutation, the mutation group was further divided into three subgroups: single heterozygous mutation (SHM), double heterozygous mutation (DHM), and homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation (H-CHM). The serum levels of cytokines were measured and their association with HLH gene mutations was analyzed. Results UNC13D gene mutation had the highest frequency (13/46, 28%). The STXBP2 c.575G>A(p.R192H) and UNC13D c.604C>A(p.L202M) mutations (likely pathogenic) were reported for the first time. The mutation group had a significantly higher level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) than the non-mutation group, while it had a significantly lower level of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) than the non-mutation group (P<0.05). The IL-4 level of the DHM subgroup was higher than that of the non-mutation group, while the IL-4 level of the H-CHM subgroup was lower than that of the DHM group (P<0.0083). The H-CHM subgroup had a significantly lower 1-year overall survival rate than the non-mutation group, the SHM subgroup, and the DHM subgroup (39%±15% vs 85%±6%/86%±7%/91%±9%, P=0.001). Conclusions There is a significant reduction in IFN-γ level in the mutation group. Children with homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation tend to have poorer prognosis, while other mutations do not have a significant impact on prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gymnocypris eckloni is widely distributed in the Yellow River and Qaidam River in the northeast of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. Inconsistence between morphology and phylogenetics was observed in two different drainage G. eckloni. On this basis, we speculated that the first was the morphological convergence caused by the similar ecological pressure of the two water systems, and the second was the traditional measurement method, which makes some subtle morphological features undiscovered. Hence, the combination of geometric morphometrics and Micro CT revealed the phenotypic difference among G. eckloni of two water systems. The structure of G. eckloni's head was almost identical between two drainages, demonstrating a significant difference in their bone structure. The divergence between head morphology and molecular data were presumably attributed to one reason. It may be that the morphological convergence caused by the similar ecological environment of the two river systems misled the taxonomic status of Gymnocypris eckloni of two water systems. The current study has laid a morphology foundation for correctly evaluating the real relationship between Gymnocypris eckloni of two water systems, and suggest that bone is an accurate standard for taxonomic classification in schizothoracin fishes. More molecular markers are required for further research to uncover the evolutionary pattern of G. eckloni from different geographic distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lossless data compression systems are prone to transmission errors, and the effect of bit errors presents a spreading trend as the decoding progresses, which limits its applicability in the areas such as noisy wireless channels and file systems that may be damaged. Lossless data compression algorithm LZW can be widely used in file formats such as GIF, PDF, and TIFF. In this paper, the redundancy of the LZW compressed data was used to propose a design scheme of the error repair algorithm, and present the relevant theoretical basis. This scheme was arranged to be compatible with the standard LZW algorithm, meaning that the files compressed by the proposed scheme could still be decompressed by the standard LZW decoder. Experimental results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The addition -cure thermally conductive solid fluorosilicone rubber was prepared with methyl vinyl fluorosilicone rubber as the base materials, and hydroxy silicone oil or diphenylsilyl glycol as the structure control agent, 2, 5 - dimethyl - 2, 5 - bis ( tert - butylperoxy) hexane as the vulcanizing agent, and fumed silica and a thermally conductive filler. The effect of the variety of fillers and particle size of the filler, the mass ratio of silicon nitride with different particle sizes on the properties of flurosilicone rubber was discussed. Results show that under the same content, the thermal conductivity of the flurosilicone rubber with nitride (large particle size ) is better than that of the fluorosilicone rubber with nitried (small particle size), and the thermal conductivity of each filler is improved as follows: nitrogen silicon >aluminium nitide>boron nitride, whwn the mass ratio of silicon nitride 7 μm of filler size to silicon nitride and that of of.μ-m of the particle size is 1 : 1, the rubber has the highest thermal conductivity rate of 1.362W/(m.K). The addition of structural control agent of hydroxy silicone oil and diphenyl silicone diol will reduce the hardness and thermal conductivity of the rubber. The secondary vulcanization has title effect on the thermal conductivity of the fluorosilicone rubber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In consideration of the deficiency of existing research, Mean-DCCA and Mean-MF-DCCA models are proposed by combining fractal research method with traditional portfolio theory in order to meet the actual demand of investors in different transaction cycles. The factors of time scales and different fluctuation ranges are taken into account in these models. The models are used to conduct portfolio strategies in Shanghai - Hong Kong stock markets by means of Shanghai & Hong Kong stock connect program, after which the effects of out-of-sample are tested and analyzed. The empirical results show that, first, the market structure of Shanghai - Hong Kong presents scales effect, long memory and multifractal characteristics; second, compared with the traditional strategies, the Mean-DCCA portfolio strategies are proved to achieve better effects; finally, the Mean-MF-DCCA portfolio strategies, by choosing an appropriate multifractal q-order, will significantly improve the single fractal portfolio strategies, enhance investment project profitability and Sharp Ratios, and create additional utility for investors with different risk preferences. This study is of great practical significance to the optimal allocation of assets, risk measurement and management, as well as the delineation of dependence structure of Shanghai & Hong Kong stock markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A major component 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) in fragrance is one of the important indices of high-quality rice, however, the biosynthetic pathway of 2AP has not been demonstrated clearly. The betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (BADH2) is considered to be closely related to 2AP biosynthesis. In this study, three mutations in Badh2 gene were screened from thirty rice varieties and a new fragrant rice variety Yuhui 2103 was discovered. The new variety has no mutation in the coding region of Badh2 gene and the Badh2 allele of Yuhui 2103 can complement the defect of the badh2-E7 allele in Yixiang 1B. From crosses between Yuhui 2103 and non-fragrant varieties the segregating ratios of F2 fragrant to non-fragrant individuals were 9:7, while from crosses between Yuhui 2103 and fragrant varieties the segregating ratios of F2 fragrant to non-fragrant individuals were 7:9, indicating that fragrance of Yuhui 2103 is not controlled by only one gene. Furthermore, expression patterns of genes involved in 2AP biosynthesis were examined by the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in Nipponbare, Yuhui 2103, and Yixiang 1B. There was no significant difference in transcription level of Badh2 in Nipponbare and Yuhui 2103, however, the transcription level of Badh2 in Yixiang 1B was unexpectedly high. The expression levels of most of the genes involved in pro line and glutamatic acid metabolism were significantly higher in Yixiang 1B than that in Nipponbare and Yuhui 2103. It is proposed that 2AP biosynthesis in Yixiang 1B is both influenced by Badh2 and the genes involved in proline and glutamatic acid metabolism, however, there is no necessary relationship between these genes and the fragrance of Yuhui 2103. The novel genetic characters of Yuhui 2103 may bring new breakthrough to the study of fragrance formation mechanism in rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The sequence of very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) of Cyprinus carpio var. Jian was cloned and its expression was studied to provide references for revealing fatty acid metabolism mecha -nism of Cyprinus carpio var. Jian. [Method] A full-length VLCAD cDNA was obtained and sequenced from Cyprinus carpio var. Jian by utilizing RT-PCR and RACE methods. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to get the expression of jl-VLCAD in different tissues, lipid sources and starvation stress. [Result]The jl-VLCAD was 2527 bp in length, containing 296 bp 5'-untranslated region, 257 bp 3'-untranslated region and 1974 bp open reading frame encoding 659 amino acids. Flavin Adenine Dinucletide binding site, substrate binding pocket and catalytic base were consistent with its family characteristic structure. The results of semi-quantitative RT-PCR indicated that the jl-VLCAD mRNA was transcribed ubiquitously in all seven adult tissues (gonad , muscle , liver, foregut, kidney , heart, brain) , with expression being highest in the heart, and lowest in foregut. Comparing with the expressions of jl-VLCAD in two groups of lipid sources, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) between fish oil group and linseed oil group. After two weeks starvation stress, the expression of jl-VLCAD significantly increased in muscle(P<0.05). [Conclusion] The expression of jl-VLCAD is quite high in tissues rich in mitochondrion and fatty acid metabolism. It plays an important role in regulation of the (β-oxidation pathway of fatty acids , and the effect of jl-VLCAD on the oxidation of fatty acid regulation is obviously strengthened for energy supply after starvation stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following a two-factor split plot design, two popular varieties (Neimai836 and Chuanmai104) were used to study the effects of waterlogging at four growth stages (seedling, jointing, booting and anthesis) on wheat growth and yield formation during two growing seasons (2011-2012 and 2012-2013). The resulted showed that the greatest yield penalty occurred when waterlogging happened at the seedling stage (10%-15% decrease), and it was alleviated when waterlogging happened at the other stages. Waterlogging during the seedling stage significantly reduced SPAD of 2nd-6th leaves, tillers and spike number per plant, productive ears, dry matter accumulation after flowering and dry matter at maturity. Waterlogging during the jointing stage decreased SPAD of 4th-7th leaves, and waterlogging during the booting stage reduced the SPAD of top 2nd, 3rd, 4th leaves. Waterlogging during the jointing and booting stages reduced the SPAD of flag leaf, the rate of grain filling during the gradual increase stage, the average filling rate and the 1000-grain mass. Waterlogging during the flowering stage produced limited change in yield. Therefore, water logging during the seedling stage was identified to have the most critical influence on wheat production under wheat/rice cropping rotations in Sichuan Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the development of facial recess in cochlear implant recipients through measuring the width of facial recess. Method The facial recess was measured by preoperative CT and intraoperative measurement in 217 cases of cochlear implants. Results The width of facial recess was 3.90 ± 0.17mm by preoperative CT and 3.87 ± 0.16 mm in operation through the round window. There was no significant difference of the width between the preoperative CT and intraoperative measurement (P > 0.05) . There was no significant difference between the widths of the data in all groups of cochlear implant children (P> 0.05) . Conclusion Preoperative CT may accurately assess the width of facial recess, and has the benefit of appearing the facial recess and avoiding injury of facial nerve. There is no significant difference between the widths of the data in all groups of cochlear implant children, suggesting that the size of facial recess has no change after birth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] In order to preserve germplasm resource of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT % and provide theoretical basises for its new variety breeding, the genetic polymorphisms of different GIFT populations were investigated and the molecular markers which could distinguish different GIFT populations were screened. [Method]The genomic DNA of 48 caudal venous blood samples from two GIFT populations were extracted, then their alleles and genotypes were detected by using microsatellite marker technique. The genetic diversity parameters of two GIFT populations viz. effective number of alleles (Ne%, etc. were determined by analysis of GenAlEx 6.2, Cervus 3.0 and Populations software. [Result]Among 50 pairs of microsatellite primers, 23 pairs of screened primers could amplify stable, clear discernible, and specific bands. The molecular weights of DNA fragment amplified were about %%0 -388 bp in length. By using 23 microsatellite loci, 89 alleles and %63 genotypes were detected out from two populations. On average, the allele and genotype numbers of each locus were 3.8 and 7.1, respectively. As for two GIFT populations, their average observed heterozygosities (Ho % were 0.6383 and 0.5957 , respectively , expected heterozygosities (He % were 0.5759 and 0.5559, respectively, average polymorphic information contents (PIC% of 23 microsatellite loci were 0.5131 and 0.4942, respectively, and average fixation indexs (FIS% were -0.1184 and -0.0718, respectively. The genetic distance (Da% between two populations was 0.1287, and the genetic differentiation index(FST% was 0.135. There were significant differences among all bands amplified by UNH9%%, GM%4%, GM287 and GM%34 in two GIFT populations. [Conclusion] Two GIFT populations present relatively higher genetic diversity level, excessive heterozygote, and the medium level of genetic differentiation. These indicated that two GIFT populations have well adaptive capacity to environment and great potential for breeding. The four microsatellite loci viz., UNH9%%, GM%4%, GM287 and GM%34 can be used as molecular markers to distinguish two GIFT populations and applied to molecular marker-assisted breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gene Expression Programming (GEP) is an automatic programming approach widely used in many areas, such as time series analysis, classification, multi-objective optimization and massive data analysis. A new GEP algorithm is proposed by combining the advantages of the depth-first and breadth -- first technologies in the GEP decoding process. The new algorithm can increase the diversity of individuals and properly preserve better sub_ETs. The experimental results show that, compared with the standard GEP algorithm, the new algorithm can improve the mean fitness without increasing too much evolutionary time, thus achieving a higher success rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To discuss the prevention and treatment strategies of hemolysis after transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defect. Methods There were 157 cases of transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defect at the Department of Cardiology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 2012 to January 2014, and three of them (2 males and 1 female) were complicated with intervascular hemolysis after transcatheter closure. The defect sizes of the three patients were 11, 15, and 18 mm, respectively. Case 1 was due to acute myocardial infarction, the other two were CHD membranous VSD. We chose 16mm domestic symmetry VSD occluder, 18mm domestic PDA occluder, and 24mm domestic symmetry VSD occluder for the three patients. Results Hemolysis occurred in 3 patients 10, 7 and 4 hours after transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defect. After transcatheter closure, case 1 had no residual shunt, case 2 had little residual shunt and and case 3 had approximately 3mm residual shunt. After conservative treatment for 6 days and 3 days, hemolysis was blocked in Case 1 and Case 2. Interval hemolysis occurred in Case 3, and after conservative treatment for 28 days, hemolysis became more serious, at last the patient underwent surgery to remove the VSD occluder and repair VSD in cardiac surgery. Conclusion Hemolysis after VSD transcatheter closure may be related with occluder size and residual shunt. Hemolysis not only occurs in patients with residual shunt, but also in patients without residual shunt. No residual shunt is the most important measure to prevent postoperative hemolysis. After hemolysis, it is necessary to actively give rehydration, urine alkalization, and diuresis to prevent acute renal failure, and to stop aspirin, heparin and sometimes prescripe glucocorticoids to relieve hemolysis. When hemolysis became serious, we must perform surgery to remove the VSD occluder and repair VSD in cardiac surgery immediately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The abrupt change of train vibration energy is an important basis for judging track defects or deteriorations. Based on the continue wavelet transform's detailed performance in time-scale mesh generation, and combined with the probability method, the time, scale and time-scale wavelet energy spectrum of train vibration response and track irregularity signal was established after the calculating and analyzing of track irregularity and train vibration energy, then the combined diagnosis and analysis was conducted. Through the track inspection data analysis for Shanghai-Nanjing Passenger Dedicated Railway and Shenchi-Huanghua Heavy Haul Railway, the results show that the method this paper proposed can effectively extract the type, damage degree and space position of small disease, and realize the evaluation of track irregularity's overall state. This offered a new technical approach for railway track disease diagnosis and state evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personalized learning recommendation is a research field of intelligent learning. Its goal is to provide specific learners with effective learning resources on the learning platform, thereby enhancing learning enthusiasm and learning effect. Although the existing recommendation methods have been widely used in learning scenarios, the scientific rules of learning activities make personalized learning recommendations unique in terms of personalized parameter setting, recommendation goal setting, and evaluation standard design. In response to the above-mentioned problems, the research of personalized learning recommendation in recent years is reviewed on the basis of investigating a large number of literatures. The research on personalized learning recommendation is systematically sorted out and interpreted from five aspects, i.e., the general framework of learning recommendation, learner modeling, learning recommendation object modeling, learning recommendation algorithm, and learning recommendation evaluation. Firstly, the general framework of learning recommendation system is proposed. Secondly, the ideas and methods of learner modeling are introduced. Next, the ideas and methods of learning recommendation object modeling are discussed. Then, this paper summarizes the algorithm and model of learning recommendation. The following, this paper summarizes the design and method of learning recommendation evaluation. This paper also analyzes the main ideas, implementation plans, advantages and disadvantages of the existing research in these five aspects. Finally, this paper also looks forward to the future development direction of personalized learning recommendation, which lays foundation for further in-depth research on intelligent learning.

Objective: To screen interleukin (IL)-1β secretion-related membrane transporters by macrophage experiment in vitro and conventional knockout mice., Methods: THP-1 cell line was differentiated to obtain human THP-1-derived macrophages, and the primary macrophages were obtained from human peripheral blood. FVB wild-type mice with the same sex and age were used as the controls of MRP1 knockout mice. The macrophages in abdominal cavity and bone marrow of mice were cultivated. The cells were treated with ABCC1/MRP1, ABCG2/BCRP, ABCB1/P-gp, OATP1B1, and MATE transporter inhibitors, then stimulated by lipopolysaccharide and adenosine triphosphate. The secretion level of IL-1β was detected by ELISA, Western blot, and immunofluorescence., Results: After inhibiting ABCC1/MRP1 transporter, the secretion of IL-1β decreased significantly, while inhibition of the other 4 transporters had no effect. In animal experiment, the level of IL-1β secreted by macrophages in bone marrow of MRP1 knockout mice was significantly lower than control group ( P < 0.05)., Conclusion: ABCC1/MRP1 transporter is a newly discovered IL-1β secretion pathway, which is expected to become a new target for solving clinical problems such as cytokine release syndrome.

Objectives: To observe effects of acupuncture at "Die E acupoint" on the protein expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB), transcription factor T-bet (T-bet), and GATA-binding protein-3 (GATA-3) in the nasal mucosa and the serum contents of related inflammatory cytokines in rats with allergic rhinitis, so as to explore the mechanism of acupuncture in treating allergic rhinitis., Methods: Twenty-four healthy SD rats were randomly divided into blank, model, acupuncture, and sham acupuncture groups, with 6 rats in each group. The rat model of allergic rhinitis was established by using ovalbumin induction. The rats in the acupuncture group received bilateral acupuncture at the "Die E acupoint" with a depth of 15-20 mm, while the rats in the sham acupuncture group received only sham acupuncture (light and shallow acupunture of the skin at the "Die E acupoint" ). Both interventions were performed once daily for a total of 6 days. Behavioral scores of rats in each group were recorded. Pathological changes of nasal mucosa were observed by H.E. staining. Serum contents of IgE, ovalbumin-specific IgE (OVA-sIgE), interferon(IFN)-γ, interleukin(IL)-4, IL-10 and IL-17 were measured by ELISA and the protein expression levels of T-bet, GATA-3, TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB p65 in the nasal mucosa were detected by Western blot., Results: After modeling, compared with the blank group, rats in the model group showed increased behavioral scores, serum IgE, OVA-sIgE, IL-4, and IL-17 contents, and nasal mucosal GATA-3, TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB p65 protein expression levels ( P <0.05), whereas the contents of serum IFN-γ, IL-10 and the protein expression level of T-bet in the nasal mucosa were decreased ( P <0.05). Comparison between the EA and model groups showed that acupuncture intervention can decrease the behavioral scores of rats with allergic rhinitis, the contents of serum IgE, OVA-sIgE, IL-4, IL-17, and the protein expression levels of GATA-3, TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB p65 in the nasal mucosa ( P <0.05), and up-regulate the contents of serum IFN-γ, IL-10, and the nasal mucosal T-bet protein expression level. Sham acupuncture did not have a significant modulating effect on the above indicators. Inflammatory infiltration of nasal mucosa was seen in the model group and sham acupuncture, and the inflammatory reaction was milder in the acupuncture group., Conclusions: Acupuncture at "Die E acupoint" can alleviate the symptoms of allergic rhinitis and suppress the inflammation of nasal mucosa in rats, which may be related to inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling and balancing the levels of cytokines of Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17, and T-bet/GATA-3.

Objective: To explore the effect of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with ectopic high OCT4 expression on T-cell proliferation, activation and secretion in vitro ., Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from healthy children. Anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies were used to activate T lymphocytes, which were stimulated by interleukin (IL)-2 for one week in vitro . Then MSCs with ectopic high OCT4 expression (MSC-OCT4) were co-cultured with activated T lymphocytes. After one week of co-culture, the supernatant was collected and the levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines [IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ] were determined by flow cytometry. The lymphocytes after one week of co-culture were collected and counted by Countstar software. After the proportions of activated/inactivated T cell subsets were determined by flow cytometry, the absolute lymphocyte counts were calculated and expressed as mean ± standard deviation., Results: Compared with control T cell alone culture group, the proliferation of CD3 + T cells, CD3 + CD4 + T cells, and CD3 + CD8 + T cells were significantly inhibited in MSC group and MSC-OCT4 group. Compared with MSC, MSC-OCT4 could inhibit CD3 + CD8 + T cell proliferation better ( P =0.049), and mainly inhibited early T cell activation. Compared with control T cell alone culture group, the levels of IL-2 and INF-γ were significantly down-regulated both in MSC group and MSC-OCT4 group.After co-culture with T cells for one week, the level of IL-6 significantly increased in MSC group and MSC-OCT4 group compared with that before co-culture. Compared with control MSC group, MSC-OCT4 group had higher viable cell numbers after 1 week of co-culture ( P =0.019), and could resist the inhibition of proliferation by higher concentration of mitomycin C., Conclusion: Both MSC and MSC-OCT4 can inhibit the proliferation and activation of IL-2-stimulated T cells in vitro . After overexpression of OCT4, MSC has better proliferation ability in vitro and can inhibit the proliferation of CD3 + CD8 + T cells more effectively, which may have a better and more lasting immunosuppressive ability to regulate the balance of Th1/Th2.

Objective: To analyze the immunological phenotype of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and explore its characteristics and significance., Methods: The immunophenotypes of 40 CML children and 40 controls were analyzed by multicolor flow cytometry. CD45/SSC, as the basic gate, was used to delineate neutrophils. Then, the distribution of cluster differentiation (CD) molecules on the surface of granulocytes was analyzed in three ranges (≥1%, ≥5%, and ≥20%), and the expression rates of CD molecules (≥1% included in the statistical analysis) and the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) were compared between the two groups., Results: The proportion of granulocytes in the CML group was (82.1±6.4)%, which was significantly higher than (57.8±11.8)% in the control group ( P <0.001). The expression rates of CD15/CD11b/CD33/CD13 in CML and control groups were high, and both distributed in the range of ≥20%. The differentiation trajectory of CD33/CD13 was normal and there were no significant differences in the expression rate and MFI between the two groups. However, both the expression rate of CD11b and CD15 MFI in the CML group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P <0.001). There were no significant differences in the expression rate and MFI of CD10 between the two groups, and the expression levels of CD10 between the two groups were consistent in different distributions. In the CML group, there was a large number of cases with abnormal high expression of CD56, 52.5% of the cases had a CD56 expression rate of ≥5%, and 42.5% had a CD56 expression rate of ≥20%, while the control group did not express CD56 (<1%). The expression distribution of CD117 was different between the two groups. In the range of expression rate ≥5%, there were 35.0% cases in the CML group, while only 2.5% in the control group. The expression rate of CD117 in the CML group was higher than that in the control group ( P <0.001), though there was no significant difference in MFI., Conclusion: The immunophenotyping of CML is characterized by increased proportion of mature neutrophils, decreased CD15 MFI, decreased proportion of CD11b and abnormal high expression of CD56 and CD117. Flow cytometric analysis of immunophenotype can effectively distinguish normal granulocytes from chronic granulocytes, and help in the diagnosis of CML.

Although chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy has produced remarkable clinical responses for patients with relapsed or refractory hematological malignancies, setbacks were experienced, including antigen escape and heterogeneity, its efficacy and safety issues. In recent years, researchers at home and abroad are addressing the current obstacles by digging deeply into structural optimization of CAR gene in order to solve the problems of CAR-T cell therapy. In this review, we mainly illustrate the ectodomain structure, transmemberane domain, and endodomain structure, and new designs which promote persistence of CAR-T cells in vivo, so as to provide new ideas for improving the safety and the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy.

With the acceleration of industrialization, the toxic effect of heavy metal cadmium (Cd) pollution has become prominent. In order to explore the molecular mechanism of the physiological regulation of Caulerpa lentillifera under Cd stress, we analyzed the transcriptome of Cd-stressed (Hcd 2+ ) algae tissues using RNA-Seq. A total of 702 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened between the control and Hcd 2+ groups, out of which 257 genes were up-regulated and 445 genes were down-regulated in the Hcd 2+ group. We conducted functional annotation and enrichment analysis of the obtained DEGs. The results showed that various biological functions of C. lentillifera were affected under Cd 2+ stress, which eventually showed growth inhibition. Results of GO enrichment analysis showed that the production and removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C. lentillifera were out of balance and caused oxidative damage such as DNA damage. Results of KEGG enrichment analysis showed that many photosynthesis-related pathways were inhibited, indicating that Cd 2+ stress led to disorder of photosynthetic reaction of C. lentillifera .

This paper aims to explore active components and mechanism of Scutellariae Radix(SR)-Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex(PCC) drug pair in treatment of psoriasis by network pharmacology and molecular docking. Specifically, the chemical components of SR and PCC were retrieved from literature and TCMSP, as well as targets of these components from PharmMapper and UniProt, and the targets related to psoriasis from OMIM, TTD, PharmGkb, and DrugBank. Then the chemical component-medicinal target, protein-protein interaction(PPI), and chemical component-psoriasis target networks were constructed by Cytoscape. Gene ontology(GO) term enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed based on Metascape. Finally, molecular docking of the chemical components(high degree) with core therapeutic targets was carried out by AutoDock vina. The results showed 88 compounds of SR and PCC(including baicalin, wogonoside, berberine and phellodendrine) and 30 targets of the pair in the treatment of psoriasis. The 30 targets mainly involved the biological processes such as neutrophil mediated immunity(GO: 0002446) and T cell activation(GO: 0042110), and the signaling pathways such as metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450(hsa00980), apoptosis(hsa04210), and PI3 K-Akt signaling pathway(hsa04151). The results of molecular docking demonstrated that the main active components can spontaneously bind to the targets and the binding energy of 46 components with epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) was less than-8 kcal·mol~(-1). According to the PPI analysis, EGFR may be a key target for the treatment of psoriasis. Active components such as baicalin and berberine had high binding affinity with EGFR. This study preliminarily revealed the multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway mechanism of SR-PCC drug pair in the treatment of psoriasis, which provided theoretical basis for the research on the mechanism of the drug pair in the treatment of psoriasis.

Combining the current development of material science and acupunctology, we propose a new concept of "acupuncture-material science" as the new branch of acupunctology. We also hold that this new branch may be in the future the important direction of acupuncture-moxibustion instrument innovation. The future carding and development of the connotations and epita-xial contents of this discipline, the classification, applied range, research and development of the materials, as well as the related standard formulation, etc. should be paid more attention and improved in order to make greater contribution to the inheritance and innovation of acupunctology in the new era.

Purinergic signaling is involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes. Psychological stress, as an inharmonious state in response to stressors, is closely related to the function or dysfunction of purinergic signaling. Abnormal expression of ATP interceptors caused by stress leads to psychological stress-related diseases, such as anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and schizophrenia. Recent studies demonstrate that a complex network of purinergic signaling (such as ATP, adenosine and P2X2R, P2X3R, P2X4R, P2X7R, A1R, A2AR) plays a key role in psychological stress, but the specific mechanism remains to be further studied. And few studies focus on the application of ATP real-time detecting to psychological stress animal models, so the specific biological role of ATP in the process of stress is still unknown. This review will summarize the relationship between purinergic signaling and psychological stress and propose to apply the duplicate ATP real-time detection technology and purinergic compounds on psychological stress research in order to provide novel potential targets for the treatment of stress-related diseases., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Objective: Based on the cell-extracellular matrix adhesion theory in selective cell retention (SCR) technology, demineralized bone matrix (DBM) modified by simplified polypeptide surface was designed to promote both bone regeneration and angiogenesis., Methods: Functional peptide of α4 chains of laminin protein (LNα4), cyclic RGDfK (cRGD), and collagen-binding domain (CBD) peptides were selected. CBD-LNα4-cRGD peptide was synthesized in solid phase and modified on DBM to construct DBM/CBD-LNα4-cRGD scaffold (DBM/LN). Firstly, scanning electron microscope and laser scanning confocal microscope were used to examine the characteristics and stability of the modified scaffold. Then, the adhesion, proliferation, and tube formation properties of CBD-LNα4-cRGD peptide on endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were detected, respectively. Western blot method was used to verify the molecular mechanism affecting EPCs. Finally, 24 10-week-old male C57 mice were used to establish a 2-mm-length defect of femoral bone model. DBM/LN and DBM scaffolds after SCR treatment were used to repair bone defects in DBM/LN group ( n =12) and DBM group ( n =12), respectively. At 8 weeks after operation, the angiogenesis and bone regeneration ability of DBM/LN scaffolds were evaluated by X-ray film, Micro-CT, angiography, histology, and immunofluorescence staining [CD31, endomucin (Emcn), Ki67]., Results: Material related tests showed that the surface of DBM/LN scaffold was rougher than DBM scaffold, but the pore diameter did not change significantly ( t =0.218, P =0.835). After SCR treatment, DBM/LN scaffold was still stable and effective. Compared with DBM scaffold, DBM/LN scaffold could adhere to more EPCs after the surface modification of CBD-LNα4-cRGD ( P <0.05), and the proliferation rate and tube formation ability increased. Western blot analysis showed that the relative expressions of VEGF, phosphorylated FAK (p-FAK), and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) proteins were higher in DBM/LN than in DBM ( P <0.05). In the femoral bone defect model of mice, it was found that mice implanted with DBM/LN scaffold had stronger angiogenesis and bone regeneration capacity ( P <0.05), and the number of CD31 hi Emcn hi cells increased significantly ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: DBM/LN scaffold can promote the adhesion of EPCs. Importantly, it can significantly promote the generation of H-type vessels and realize the effective coupling between angiogenesis and bone regeneration in bone defect repair.

Objective: To explore the effect of OCT4 over-expression on the expression of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-related transcription factors (cMYC，KLF4，LIN28，NANOG and SOX2) in human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs), so as to provide fundamental basis for exploring the pathogenesis of hematological diseases (leukemia, aplastic anemia, etc.) from the perspective of hemopoietic microenvironment in the future., Methods: Recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1-OCT4 was constructed and transferred into the optimal generation P3-4 hBMMSCs by liposome transfection. The cells with stable and high expression of OCT4（hBMMSCs-OCT4）were screened by G418 resistance screening (limited dilution) and subcloning, the expression of OCT4 mRNA and OCT4 protein was verified by RT-PCR and FCM, respectively. The expression of iPSC-related transcription factors (cMYC, KLF4, LIN28, NANOG and SOX2) were also determined by FCM and RT-PCR, so as to evaluate the effect of ectopic high expression of OCT4 on the expression of iPSC related transcription factors in hBMMSCs., Results: Recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1-OCT4 was successfully constructed and cells with stable and high expression of OCT4 were successfully screened from hBMMSCs by limited dilution and subcloning. The result of flow cytometry showed that the mean expression level of OCT4 protein increased from (3.03±1.49)% to (95.46±1.40)% compared with the untransfected parental MSCs, which was also confirmed by RT-PCR analysis. At the same time, the expression levels of OCT4 protein and mRNA were compared between transient transfection (day 4) and stable expression cells (day 96), respectively, it was showed that the OCT4 protein level increased from (36.36±0.28)% at day 4 to (96.25±1.38)% at day 96, and the OCT4 mRNA level increased from 2.75-folds to 6.23-folds, respectively. Compared with the untransfected parental MSCs, the average expression levels of stemness transcription factors increased from (1.12±0.47)% (cMYC), (0.84±0.30)% (KLF4), (2.14±0.79)% (LIN28), (0.63±0.37)% (NANOG) and (14.34±2.44)% (SOX2) to (80.65±4.75)%, (73.03±4.70)%, (68.08±3.05)%, (39.39±1.85)%and (91.45±4.56)% in hBMMSCs-OCT4, respectively, which were consistent with results of RT-PCR analysis. Moreover, the expression levels of NANOG and SOX2 positively correlated with the mean expression of OCT4 (OCT4 vs NANOG: r=0.7802，OCT4 vs SOX2: r=0.4981；NANOG vs SOX2: r=0.7426)., Conclusion: Cells with stable and high expression of OCT4 have been successfully established from hBMMSCs. Ectopic high expression of transcription factor OCT4 in hBMMSCs can up-regulate the expression of other iPSC-related transcription factors such as cMYC, KLF4, LIN28, NANOG and SOX2.

Objective: To explore the clinical therapeutic effect of light and heat of moxibustion for knee osteoarthritis (KOA)., Methods: A total of 216 patients with KOA were randomized into a traditional moxibustion group (72 cases, 8 cases dropped off), a moxibustion light group (72 cases, 9 cases dropped off) and a moxibustion heat group (72 cases, 10 cases dropped off).The special light-heat separation moxibustion cup was applied, the patients in the traditional moxibustion group received the treatment of moxibustion, the patients in the moxibustion light group received the treatment of moxibustion light and the patients in the moxibustion heat group received the treatment of moxibustion heat. The acupoint selection of the three groups was Neixiyan (EX-LE 4), Dubi (ST 35) and Zusanli (ST 36), the treatment was given 20 min each time, 3 times a week, 4 weeks were required totally, and the follow-up surveys were made 4 and 8 weeks after treatment. The scores of Western Ontario and McMaster University osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) and visual analogue scale (VAS) were observed before treatment, after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, 4 and 8 weeks after treatment. The therapeutic effects were evaluated according to the criterion of patient global assessment (PGA) after 4 weeks of treatment and 8 weeks after treatment., Results: Compared with before treatment, the pain scores, stiffness scores, physical function scores and total scores of WOMAC were reduced after 2, 4 weeks of treatment and 4 weeks after treatment in the three groups ( P <0.05). The pain scores, stiffness scores, physical function scores and total scores of WOMAC were reduced 8 weeks after treatment in the traditional moxibustion group and the moxibustion heat group ( P <0.05). The stiffness score, physical function score and total score of WOMAC were reduced 8 weeks after treatment in the moxibustion light group ( P <0.05). The pain score, physical function score and total score of WOMAC in the traditional moxibustion group after 4 weeks of treatment were lower than the moxibustion light group ( P <0.05). Compared with before treatment, the VAS scores were reduced after 2, 4 weeks of treatment and 4 , 8 weeks after treatment in the three groups ( P <0.05). The improvement rates in the traditional moxibustion group and the moxibustion heat group after 4 weeks of treatment and 8 weeks after treatment were superior to the moxibustion light group ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: The light and heat of moxibustion have therapeutic effect for KOA, and the therapeutic effect of moxibustion heat is superior to moxibustion light.

With deep rotary tillage before sowing (DRT) as control, the effects of shallow rotary tillage with simultaneous sowing (SRT) and strip tillage under no tillage conditions along with sowing (NT) on root growth, soil moisture, and soil nitrate content of wheat (Triticum aestivum) after rice (Oryza sativa) were examined from 2016 to 2018. Compared with DRT, NT and SRT resulted in higher soil water content, and lower soil nitrate content in the plow layer before booting. There was no significant difference in root weight density and root surface area density among the treatments at jointing and anthesis stages. No significant difference was found in grain yield and aboveground plant nitrogen uptake among the treatments in the growing season of 2016-2017. In the growing season of 2017-2018, NT and SRT resulted in 10.9% and 10.5% higher grain yield and 17.5% and 12.0% higher aboveground plant nitrogen uptake than DRT, respectively. Compared with DRT and SRT, NT resulted in better work efficiency and lower seedling missing rate. In conclusion, NT could effectively improve sowing quality, enhance soil water storage ability, reduce the risk of soil nitrogen leaching, and ultimately enhance wheat yield and environmental benefits in the growing stage of wheat plantation after rice.

From 2016 to 2018, a field trial on three tillage and sowing practices, deep rotary tillage before sowing (DRT), shallow rotary tillage with simultaneous sowing (SRT), and strip tillage under no tillage conditions along with sowing (NT), was conducted to evaluate shoot growth, soil nutrient uptake, and utilization of wheat (Triticum aestivum) after rice (Oryza sativa) in Guanghan, Sichuan Province, China. Compared with DRT, both SRT and NT improved tillering capacity and fertile shoot rate. In 2016-2017, grain yield did not differ among the treatments, whereas in 2017-2018, NT had significantly higher grain yield (10.9%) than DRT. Furthermore, the diffe-rence in dry matter accumulation among the treatments mainly occurred prior to wheat jointing. Total nitrogen uptake of plants was higher by 9.9% in NT than in DRT, whereas nitrogen harvest index was higher in DRT than in NT. Total phosphorus uptake was not different among the treatments. Total potassium uptake was higher in NT plants than in DRT plants. Overall, the results showed that compared with the traditional tillage practice (i.e., DRT), strip tillage practice along with sowing (i.e., NT) is an effective method for increasing grain yield and soil nutrient uptake for wheat after rice.

A girl, aged 4 years and 3 months, presented with cyanosis of the lips shortly after birth. She then experienced shortness of breath after activity 1 year ago and acrocyanosis 3 months ago, with obvious acropachy and toe deformity. Laboratory examinations revealed an increase in hemoglobin (178 g/L) and a reduction in arterial partial pressure of oxygen (37.7 mm Hg). Plain and contrast-enhanced CT scans of the lungs showed a large area of dense shadow and multiple nodules with clear boundaries in the right lower lung, as well as thickening of the arteries and dilatation of the veins in the right lower lung. Magnetic resonance angiography of the pulmonary artery showed large arteriovenous malformation in the lung. The child was diagnosed with congenital pulmonary arteriovenous fistula and was given interventional embolization of the pulmonary arterial fistula. The child was followed up at 3 months after surgery. The symptoms of shortness of breath and cyanosis disappeared, and activity tolerance, heart rate, hemoglobin, red blood cell count, and transcutaneous oxygen saturation all returned to normal.

Objective: To explore the epidemiologic characteristics of acupuncturists who are sensitive to stimulation of moxa smoke, which could provide further direction for safety protection of exerting moxibustion and to further verify the feasibility of internet survey., Methods: A self-made questionnaire regarding body response to moxa smoke was established, which was used to conduct a face-to-face survey among acupuncturists who had performed long-term moxibustion. The Logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting the stimulation response of acupuncturists and the epidemiological characteristics of acupuncturists was obtained., Results: A total of 733 valid data was obtained. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the history of chronic respiratory disease was the main risk factor of stimulus response including cough, phlegm in the throat, asthma, dyspnea, shortness of breath and nasal dryness after exposure to moxa smoke ( P <0.05, P <0.01). The risk of stimulus response such as cough, tearing and nasal dryness was higher in women than in men ( P <0.05, P <0.01). The risk of dry eyes and eyes pain in smokers was higher than those in non-smokers ( P <0.05). The risk of shortness of breath in those who were exposed to second-hand smoke was higher than those who were not exposed to second-hand smoke ( P <0.05). The analysis of index trend line showed that the results of internet survey were similar to those of face-to-face survey., Conclusion: The stimulus response of acupuncturist after long-term exposure to moxa smoke is related to the history of chronic respiratory disease, being female, smoking or exposure of second-hand smoke, therefore more attention should be paid to those populations. In addition, the internet survey can be used for the epidemiological investigation of safety of moxa smoke.

A girl, aged 8 years, developed jaundice and liver dysfunction in the neonatal period, with congenital glaucoma diagnosed on day 5 after birth, hypertension and unusual facies (broad forehead, hypertelorism and deep-set eyes). Cholestasis was the main type of liver dysfunction. Cardiac macrovascular CTA showed stenosis at the abdominal aorta and the beginning of the bilateral renal arteries. Whole exon sequencing revealed a heterozygous frameshift mutation, c.1485delC (absence of cytosine), in exon 12 of the JAG1gene. The girl was diagnosed with Alagille syndrome and was given transaminase-lowering, cholagogic and antihypertensive treatment with multiple drugs. There were significant reductions in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and total bile acid, but blood pressure fluctuated between 102-140 mm Hg/53-89 mm Hg. After renal artery angiography and balloon dilatation angioplasty, the girl was given oral administration of antihypertensive drugs, and blood pressure was controlled at a level of 110-120 mm Hg/60-80 mm Hg. The rare disease Alagille syndrome should be considered when a child has refractory hypertension with the involvement of multiple systems, especially liver dysfunction with cholestasis as the main manifestation. Genetic causes should be analyzed for a early diagnosis.

Immunity reaction has been regarded as a key step for clinical acupuncture and moxibustion treatment. In the present paper, we review current situations about studies on acupuncture-moxibustion induced immunoregulation from 1) related project fundings of National Natural Science Foundation (NCFS) of China from 1989-2017; 2) papers published in SCI and Chinese medical journals from 2010-2018; 3) clinical conditions or disorders treated by acupuncture and moxibustion and their clinical therapeutic effects; 4) the commonly used acupoints for studying immune regulation functions; 5) some mechanisms of innate immunity and adaptive immunity involved; and 6) immune adjustment pathways involved. Moreover, in our future studies, we suggest to pay more attention to 1) the detailed cellular molecular mechanisms; 2) interactions among the immune cells, the immune cells and non-immune cells and cytokines responsible for regulation effects of acupuncture-moxibustion; 3) interrelationship of different systems as skin-brain axis, brain-intestinal axis, nerve-blood vessel unit of brain tissues, etc. involving acupuncture-moxibustion induced immunoregulation by using new techniques as proteomics, genomics, two-photon imaging technology, tracer technique, cryo-electronic microscope technology, etc.

The influence of cascade hydropower construction on the migration and transformation of raw material and ecological problems in the Lancang River Basin is of concern to scholars domestically and internationally. Based on stable isotope technology, this study analyzed the spatial distribution of nitrogen in the Lancang River Basin and explained the cause of this distribution. The results showed that the range of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) was 0.28-0.60mg·L -1 , and that of DIN in the downstream area of the Lancang River was 0.39-1.15mg·L -1 . The range of suspended particulate matter δ 15 N in the upstream area of this river was 4.52‰-6.72‰, and that in the downstream reservoir section was heavier than that in the upstream reservoir, which varied between 2.3‰ and 11.8‰. This study used Isosource to analyze the source of suspended particulate matter. The results showed that industrial wastewater and sewage, soil organic matter, atmospheric sedimentation, and agrochemicals are the main sources of suspended particulate matter, and their respective total contribution rates are 42.43%, 22.38%, 18.16%, and 17.03%. At the same time, the δ 15 N of suspended particulate matter in Xiaowan, Manwan, and Dachaosan dams downstream of the Lancang River were influenced by algal assimilation, it leads to a reduction in the number of δ 15 N of suspended particles.

The sediment storage environment in tributaries has been altered by impoundment of water in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, affecting the distribution of phosphorus forms in sediment and processes at the sediment-water interface. Through collection of sediment and overlying water samples in Xiangxi Bay in August 2016 (before impoundment) and October (after impoundment), the distribution characteristics of sedimentary phosphorus and the environmental conditions of storage before and after impoundment were analyzed. Fluxes of PO 4 3- -P at the sediment-water interface were also estimated. Results show that pH increased, alkalinity and reducibility were enhanced, and Eh in sediments decreased after impoundment. The relative content of phosphorus in sediments changed as follows:NaOH-P > HCl-P > OP to HCl-P > OP > NaOH-P; this could be attributed to changes in the depositional environment. Compared to pre-impoundment values, TP values after impoundment in sediment, overlying water ρ (PO 4 3- -P), and interstitial water ρ (PO 4 3- -P) were 1.3 times, 3.7 times, and 8.3 times higher, increasing the risk of nutrient release in sediments of Xiangxi Bay. The manifestation of PO 4 3- -P in sendiments of Xiangxi River generally is "source" pre-impoundment and post-impoundment, but the PO 4 3- -P diffusive flux increased from -0.0029-0.0059 mg·(m 2 ·d) -1 pre-impoundment to 0.0067-0.1071 mg·(m 2 ·d) -1 post-impoundment. The release of phosphorus from sediments at the bottom of Xiangxi Bay increased after impoundment.

Objective: To observe whether the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV 1) plays a role in moxibustion (Moxi)-induced regulation of local immune inflammatory response., Methods: Fifteen C 57 BL/6 J and 15 TRPV 1 -/- mice were randomly and respectively divided into blank control, Moxi-30 min and Moxi-72 h groups (5 mice/group). The Moxi intervention ([46±1] ℃) was applied to the left "Zusanli" (ST 36) for 30 min. The local tissue of the left ST 36 region was collected for observing the histological changes after H．E. staining, and for counting the number of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) immune-reaction (IR)-positive cells after immunofluorescence staining., Results: In both C 57 BL/6 J and TRPV 1 -/- mice, following Moxi, the local epidermis tissue was incomplete, with vague layers and arrangement of the stratum corneum (being thicker than control mice), and visible scar tissue. The corium layer was relatively looser in the structure, and the collagenous and elastic fibers were loosened in the arrangement or absence, with an abundant inflammatory cell infiltration, vascular dilation and congestion of blood vessels, and abnormal hyperplasia of hair follicles and sebaceous glands (but without marked structural changes of the subcutaneous tissue). In C 57 BL/6 J mice, compared with the control group, the numbers of TNF-α IR-positive cells were significantly increased in the epidermis of the Moxi-30 min group ( P <0.05), and in the dermis of the Moxi-30 min and -72 h groups ( P <0.01). In TRPV 1 -/- mice, compared with the control group, the numbers of TNF-α IR-positive cells were also considerably increased in the epidermis of the Moxi-30 min group, and in the dermis of both Moxi-30 min and -72 h groups ( P <0.01). Comparison between the two Moxi groups showed that the number of TNF-α positive cells was significantly lower in the dermis of the Moxi-72 h group than in that of the Moxi-30 min group in C 57 BL/6 J mice ( P <0.01), and significantly lower in both the epidermis and dermis of the Moxi-72 h group than in those of the Moxi-30 min group in TRPV 1 -/- mice ( P <0.01)．., Conclusion: Moxibustion stimulation of ST 36 can induce structural changes of the regional epidermis and dermis of the skin and up-regulate the number of TNF-α IR-positive cells in both C 57 BL/6 J and TRPV 1 -/- mice, which may contribute to its therapeutic effect via local TRPV 1-independent immunoregulation.

Objective: To compare the salivary microbial profiles of healthy subjects and those with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) by using high-throughput sequencing., Methods: Salivary samples were obtained from children with S-ECC (group C, n=24) and healthy children (group H, n=24). Total metagenomic DNA was extracted, and DNA amplicons of the V1-V3 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene were generated and subjected to 454 sequencing. The characteristics of oral microbial communities from the two groups were compared based on microbial diversity and taxonomy assignment., Results: First, the microbial richness was significantly higher in group C than group H (P<0.05). Second, the microbial community structure was significantly different for the groups H and C (P<0.01). In addition, caries microbiota was significantly conserved in group C (P<0.001). High expression of suspected cariogenic microorganisms in group C (P<0.1) and health related microorganisms in group H (P<0.1) were identified. Finally, models of caries risk assessment were proposed to distinguish caries from healthy subjects with over 70% accuracy., Conclusions: Salivary microbiota and certain taxa, such as caries-associated taxa (Prevotella), may be useful to screen/assess the children's risk of developing caries.

Objective: To study the protective effect of moxibustion for tripterygium-induced premature ovarian failure (POF) and its underlying mechanisms in rats., Methods: Forty-five female SD rats were randomly divided into normal control, POF model and moxibustion groups ( n ＝15/group). The POF model was induced by intragastric administration of Triptolide (40 mg/kg), once daily for 6 weeks. From the 4 th week after modeling, moxibustion was given at "Guanyuan" (CV 4) and bilateral "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6) for 10 min, once daily for 3 weeks. Pathological changes of ovary tissues were determined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The serum estradiol (E 2 ), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β) contents were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression levels of phosphatidyl inositol 3- kinase (PI 3 K), protein kinase B (Akt) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) proteins of the ovarian tissue were detected by Western blot., Results: After modeling, HE staining showed that the numbers of ovarian follicles and follicular granulocytes and corpora luteum layers were decreased, and the number of corpora atretica was increased in the model group. The content of serum E 2 was markedly decreased and those of serum LH, FSH, IL-6 and IL-1 β were markedly increased in the model group ( P <0.01), and the expression levels of ovarian p-PI 3 K, p-Akt and p-mTOR were markedly increased after modeling relevant to the control group ( P <0.01). Following moxibustion, the pathological damage of ovarian tissue was improved, the contents of serum LH, FSH, IL-6, IL-1 β, and the levels of p-PI 3 K, p-Akt and p-mTOR proteins in the ovarian tissue were significantly decreased ( P <0.05, P <0.01), and the content of serum E 2 was markedly increased ( P <0.05) in comparison with the model group., Conclusion: Moxibustion can improve POF in POF rats, which may be related to its actions in inhibiting PI 3 K/Akt/mTOR signaling, down-regulating serum IL-6, IL-1 β, and regulating serum hormones.

Moxibustion is an effective therapy for treatment of a lot of clinical problems, but the ignited moxa-induced smoke containing harmful substances may bring about indoor air pollution to affect both patients' and medical workers' health. However, there is no standards about controlling indoor air quality (IAQ) for moxibustion rooms in China. In the present study, the authors reviewed newly-published articles about some substances released from moxa smoke as inhalable particles (PM 10 and PM 2.5), formaldehyde, benzene, methylbenzene, xylene, bene[α]pyrene, total volatile organic compounds, CO, CO 2 , NO, SO 2 , NH 3 , O 3 , etc. some of which affect IAQ. On this account, the authors put forward some strategies for controlling IAQ in moxibustion clinics including setting united safe standards, enhancing ventilation, controlling moxibustion material quality and strengthening scientific research on the safety of moxa smoke control, fully playing the superiority of moxibustion therapy and reducing its unfavorable aspects in clinical practice in the future.