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Objective To evaluate the value of PLT and its parameters combined with AFP, CA199, CA125 and CEA on the preoperative differential diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Methods We analyzed retrospectively 274 patients with liver cancer who underwent surgery in the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University. They were divided into 229 cases in HCC group and 45 cases in ICC group according to postoperative pathological results. The differences of PLT, its parameters and tumor markers between the two groups were compared. ROC curve was used to evaluate the differential diagnosis effect on HCC and ICC by significantly different indicators in single and combined forms. The best scheme was verified in the patients with determined and undetermined preoperative diagnosis. Results Compared with HCC group, the levels of PLT, PCT, CA199 and CA125 in ICC group were higher (P < 0.05) and the level of AFP was lower (P < 0.05). The diagnostic analysis results of ROC curve showed that in single test, the AUC of AFP for HCC diagnosis was the largest (0.827). The AUC of the combined groups was higher than the single groups of tumor markers; the AUC of the PCT+AFP+CA199+CA125 group was the highest in all combination groups, and AUC was 0.891. The verification of the best combination group showed that the AUC was 0.924 in the preoperative determined diagnosis group and 0.854 in the undetermined diagnosis group. Conclusion Tumor markers in combination with PLT and PCT can increase the preoperative differential diagnosis efficacy of HCC and ICC. The combination of PCT, AFP, CA199 and CA125 before operation is helpful to further determine the diagnosis and plan the operation scheme.

Generative adversarial networks (GAN) has become a popular research direction in the field of deep learning. The unique adversarial idea of GAN comes from the two-player zero-sum game in game theory. How to solve the problems of unstable GAN training, poor quality of generated samples, inadequate evaluation system, poor interpretability and other issues is critical and difficult in current GAN research. This paper investigates the research background and development trend of GAN. First, the basic idea and algorithm implementation of GAN are described, the advantages and disadvantages of GAN are analyzed, a more systematic classification of existing improved methods is made, and some typical optimization methods and derivative models of GAN are sorted out from two categories based on structure change and loss function variants respectively. Next, the similarities and differences between GAN and other generative models are compared, and their respective advantages and disadvantages are introduced. Then, this paper compares the performance of GAN and its derivative models, and summarizes their operation mechanism, advantages, limitations and applicable scenarios. The applications of GAN in the field of image generation are introduced. Finally, the mainstream evaluation indicators of GAN are listed, the main problems still faced in GAN research are analyzed and corresponding solutions are given. The listed mainstream solutions are compared and analyzed in terms of solution effects and applicability, and the future research direction is prospected.

With the in-depth implementation of rural revitalization strategy, the protection and utilization of traditional villages have been an important topic of increasing concern in the academic community. From the perspective of daily life, this paper explores the complex interface of traditional village buildings, excavates its regional characteristics and humanistic connotation, and explores the local activation and transformation of the building composite interface. According to different interface types, this paper constructs the transformation principles of being-emerged-in-site, shaping-space-with-sprit and responding-to-culture, and proposes the transformation strategies of "shape", "feeling" and "structure" of the building composite interface. With the case of the transformation of traditional Chinese medicine clinics in Zhoutie traditional villages (community) in Yixing, in order to enhance the vitality of the streets of traditional villages and realize the active protection and utilization of traditional villages, different types of building composite interfaces are taken as the operating elements, and three transformation strategies are proposed according to different types, namely, breaking the boundary, establishing the boundary and extending the boundary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-terrestrial network (NTN) in 5G system is expected to provide communication services via near-earth space access and satellite access, which means 5G network has expanded its service area from land to space. Standardization status and key technolgies of 5G 3GPP Release 17 NTN were presented, including key differences compared 5G TN, especially in network architecture, time and frequency synchronization, HARQ, and mobility management etc. Moreover, the main candidate techniques in 3GPP Release 18 NTN and beyond were explored, aiming to outline a vision for NTN evolution. Based on the analysis of 5G NTN and its evolution, it was observed that the integration of TN and NTN would be an obvious technique trend, which paved a way to a unified system applied for space, land and sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: To explore the occupational health risk level of silicosis caused by silica dust exposure in non-ferrous metal mining enterprises., Methods: Using typical sampling method, 44 non-ferrous metal mining enterprises were selected in seven provinces.37 non-ferrous metal mining enterprises were included, and most of them were underground enterprises(97.30%). Enterprises basic information and silica dust exposure data of key positions were collected by using on-site hygiene investigation and detecting method. Finally, the International Council on Mining and Metals&apos;(ICMM) risk rating table method and occupational hazard risk index method(INDEX) were used to analyze the occupational health risk level of silicosis caused by silica dust exposure in non-ferrous metal mines from total and respirable dust views, respectively. Meanwhile, the square weighted Kappa test was performed to analyze the consistency between two risk assessment method., Results: Medium enterprises(64.69%(40.38%, 73.41%)), silver mining enterprises(84.69%(63.38%, 86.06%)) and antimony mining enterprises(72.22%) had relatively higher silica dust exposure rates. On-site hygiene detecting result showed that:(1) M(P25, P75) of free silica content was 21.18%(17.03%, 30.47%). (2) 1.60(0.86, 2.46)mg/m~3 for total dust concentration, 64.47% total dust concentration samples exceeding Chinese permissible concentration-time weighted average(PC-TWA), 0.68(0.30, 1.18) mg/m~3 for respiratory dust concentration, 50.00% respirable dust concentration samples exceeding Chinese PC-TWA. (3) Medium-sized enterprises, as well as rock drillers and crushers, had higher levels of silica dust exposure. Occupational health risk assessment result showed that:(1) The overall occupational health risk level of silicosis caused by silica dust exposure in non-ferrous metal mining enterprises was medium:(1) In term of total dust, ICMM risk rating table method and INDEX method indicated high and medium risks, respectively(S&#95;(weighted) were 3.52 and 2.79). (2) In term of respirable dust, both ICMM risk rating table and INDEX method indicated medium risks(S&#95;(weighted) were 2.78 and 2.35). (2) Medium-sized enterprises risk level was higher than other two production scales enterprises. ICMM risk rating table method and the INDEX method consistency analyses showed that these two risk assessment method had strong consistencies in terms of total dust or respirable dust(both Kappa values ≥ 0.600)., Conclusion: The overall occupational health risk level of silicosis caused by silica dust exposure in non-ferrous metal mining enterprises was medium, and the risk levels of medium production-scale mining enterprises, rock driller and crusher were higher.

Cochlear implant surgery is now recognized as the most effective intervention for patients with severe and profound sensorineural hearing loss. Due to various factors such as high altitude, low oxygen content, and ethnic differences in Tibet, the early hearing screening found that the incidence of neonatal hearing loss was significantly higher than in the mainland. With the great assistance of the China Disabled Persons' Federation, the first cochlear implant surgery was carried out in Tibet in 2011, and a total of 116 cases have been completed. This article aims to summarize the clinical experience of cochlear implant surgery in Tibet for ten years and retrospectively analyze the postoperative rehabilitation effect, so as to improve the understanding of cochlear implant surgery in plateau areas., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)