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Using a high temperature solid state reaction at 1600 ℃ for 6 h, (Nd1－xCax)(Al1－xFex)O3－x/2(x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) was synthesized by introducing Ca2+ and Fe3+ into NdAlO3, and spark plasma sintering (SPS) ceramic samples were used to investigate the effects of Ca2+ and Fe3+ addition on the phase composition, emissivity and ferroelasticity of NdAlO3. The results show that a solid solution can be successfully fabricated through the high temperature solid state reaction. The doping of Ca2+ and Fe3+ in NdAlO3 increases oxygen vacancies and slight lattice distortion occurs, emissivity of NdAlO3 within the wavelength range of 2.5-10 μm increases the maximum to 0.9. The introduction of impurity ions makes the phase gradually transform from rhombohedral to cubic, leading to the ferroelastic domains vanish. However, the fracture toughness of ceramic samples remains at a high level.

The application of metal additive manufacturing technology and products in the aviation field requires optimized structural design at macroscale and precise manufacture control at microscale. As one of the typical features of additive manufacture, microstructure inevitably affects the material performance. The research has shown that the uniformity, plasticity, and fatigue fracture characteristics of additive manufacturing materials are often inferior to traditional materials, while their strength, hardness, wear resistance, and some microscale properties are often better than traditional materials. The size effect in the micro/nano-scale and the heterogeneous characteristics of materials have a significant impact on metal materials with microstructures. Under different microstructures, materials can achieve a better balance between strength and ductility, which is also applicable to additively manufactured metals. Therefore, the process characteristics of additive manufacturing and the heterogeneities introduced by human design are both expected to significantly improve the comprehensive performance of metals, which have important guiding value for the application of metal additive manufacturing in the aviation field. However, since many of the mechanism of these phenomena are still unclear, the strength-ductility synergistic and antagonistic relationships with other properties of the materials are also worth further research.

Based on the self-made Zr0.5Hf0.5C precursor and commercial liquid polycarbosilane, C/Zr0.5Hf0.5C-SiC composite was successfully prepared by the precursor impregnation and pyrolysis(PIP) process. The influence of the thickness of pyrolytic C coating on the structure and bending properties of composite materials was studied. The results show that the self-made Zr0.5Hf0.5C precursor can be converted into Zr0.5Hf0.5C solid solution at a relatively low temperature of 1400 ℃. Because of its good permeability, the transformed Zr0.5Hf0.5C matrix exists in both the inter-bundle and intra-bundle regions of the C/Zr0.5Hf0.5C-SiC composite, which presents as a layered structure on SiC matrix. The phase composition of C/Zr0.5Hf0.5C-SiC composite mainly includes C, SiC and Zr0.5Hf0.5C. The densities of three groups of composites with different thicknesses of pyrolytic C coating (0.67, 0.84, 1.36 μm) are 2.07, 1.99, 1.98 g/cm3, respectively. SiC content in the composite decreases with the increase of the thickness of pyrolytic C coating. The three groups of composites with different thicknesses show pseudoplastic fracture mode during bending loading tests, bending strength, bending modulus and fracture toughness are above 410 MPa, 60 GPa and 15.6 MPa·m1/2, respectively. Good interface bonding and pre-introduced SiC matrix are the keys to obtaining excellent bending properties of C/Zr0.5Hf0.5C-SiC composites.

Using carbon fiber cloth with different areal densities and tow sizes, two kinds of carbon fiber preforms with same carbon cloth laminated structure were produced through different z-direction stitching methods. Then, C/C-SiC composites were prepared by combining chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) with gas silicon infiltration (GSI). The influence of carbon fiber preform structure on the microstructure and mechanical properties of CVI-GSI C/C-SiC composites was studied. The results show that the density, phase composition, structure, and properties of the two composites prepared from preforms with the same fiber volume fraction and C/C preform density are significantly different. The smaller carbon fiber tow (1K) and carbon cloth surface density (92 g/m2), as well as the larger voids left by lock stitching, provide more sufficient channels for the infiltration of Si vapor in the GSI reaction process. Thus T1 composite finally prepared has low porosity, uniform structure, and higher performance, with bending strength, modulus, and fracture toughness of 300.97 MPa, 51.75 GPa, and 11.32 MPa·m1/2, respectively. The comprehensive control of the initial preform structure and the C/C intermediate structure is the key to the preparation of high performance C/C-SiC composites by the CVI-GSI process.

[Objective] The objective of this study was to scientifically examine the coupling rule, spatial characteristics, and formation mechanism of population and built-up area changes under the differential population flow in county units, and improve the multi-scale and multi-level allocation mechanism for the intensive use of land resources. [Methods] Taking the urban agglomeration of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region as the study area and using GIS spatial analysis and econometric models, this study explored the pattern, coupling relationship, and driving mechanism of population density change in the built-up areas at the county level. [Results] The study found that: (1) From 2009 to 2018, population of 61% of the areas in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region decreased. The population growth was concentrated in peripheral districts of Beijing and Tianjin and municipal districts of Hebei Province. Meanwhile, the corridor between Beijing and Tianjin and the central urban areas of prefecture-level cities in Hebei were the high-growth areas of the built-up areas in the region, and the growth rate of the built-up areas of both Beijing and Tianjin slowed down significantly. (2) Population density in the built-up areas of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region declined by 323 people per square kilometer, and substantial decline areas were concentrated in counties in Hebei Province. The coupling relationship between population and built-up area changes was dominated by the pattern of “shrinkage and extensive” type from 2009 to 2018, which increased pressure on land resource allocation. (3) Population flow and industrial development model significantly influenced population density change in the built-up areas, but the increase of urbanization rate did not exhibit a significant effect on land use efficiency. [Conclusion] The relationship change between the populations and built-up areas of county-level units in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is significantly different, and the pressure of intensive use of the built-up areas in counties surrounding central cities, especially located in the central and southern plain farming areas of Hebei Province is increasing. Therefore, it’s urgent to innovate the multi-scale coordination mechanism of provinces, prefectural cities and counties, and optimize the multi-level policy system for reusing idle land in urban-rural areas.

The ultrafine-grained (UFG) CrCoNi medium entropy alloys (MEAs) with excellent mechanical and tribological performances were fabricated by combining rolling deformation and annealing treatment. The microstructures of CrCoNi MEAs were characterized by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results show that the materials annealed at 650 ℃ for 10 min after cryogenic rolling display a yield strength as high as 1135 MPa and a graceful uniform ductility of 14.1%. Another group of materials rolled at room temperature followed by annealing at 650 ℃ for 20 min exhibit a yield strength of 987 MPa and an improved ductility of 18.6%. In addition, the grains of CrCoNi medium entropy alloys after above treatment are greatly refined to an average grain size of 0.81 μm and 0.92 μm respectively. The ultra-high strength is due to the grain boundary strengthening of high angle boundaries and dislocation strengthening of low angle boundaries. Remarkably, such UFG MEAs exhibit high wear resistance.

Solar insecticidal lamps Internet of Things (SIL-IoTs) is a novel physical agricultural pest control implement, which is an emerging paradigm that extends Internet of Things technology towards Solar Insecticidal Lamp (SIL). SIL-IoTs is composed of SIL nodes with functions of preventing and controlling of agricultural migratory pests with phototaxis feature, which can be deployed over a vast region for the purpose of ensuring pests outbreak area location, reducing pesticide dosage and monitoring agricultural environmental conditions. SIL-IoTs is widely used in agricultural production, and a number of studies have been conducted. However, in most current research projects, fault diagnosis has not been taken into consideration, despite the fact that SIL-IoTs faults have an adverse influence on the development and application of SIL-IoTs. Based on this background, this research aims to analyze the characteristics and challenges of fault diagnosis in SIL-IoTs, which naturally leads to a great number of open research issues outlined afterward. Firstly, an overview and state-of-art of SIL-IoTs were introduced, and the importance of fault diagnosis in SIL-IoTs was analyzed. Secondly, faults of SIL nodes were listed and classified into different types of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) faults. Furthermore, WSNs faults were classified into behavior-based, time-based, component-based, and area affected-based faults. Different types of fault diagnosis algorithms (i.e., statistic method, probability method, hierarchical routing method, machine learning method, topology control method, and mobile sink method) in WSNs were discussed and summarized. Moreover, WSNs fault diagnosis strategies were classified into behavior-based strategies (i.e., active type and positive type), monitoring-based strategies (i.e., continuous type, periodic type, direct type, and indirect type) and facility-based strategies (i.e., centralized type, distributed type and hybrid type). Based on above algorithms and strategies, four kinds of fault phenomena: 1) abnormal background data, 2) abnormal communication of some nodes, 3) abnormal communication of the whole SIL-IoTs, and 4) normal performance with abnormal behavior actually were introduced, and fault diagnosis tools (i.e., Sympathy, Clairvoyant, SNIF and Dustminer) which were adapted to the mentioned fault phenomena were analyzed. Finally, four challenges of fault diagnosis in SIL-IoTs were highlighted, i.e., 1) the complex deployment environment of SIL nodes, leading to the fault diagnosis challenges of heterogeneous WSNs under the condition of unequal energy harvesting, 2) SIL nodes task conflict, resulting from the interference of high voltage discharge, 3) signal loss of continuous area nodes, resulting in the regional link fault, and 4) multiple failure situations of fault diagnosis. To sum up, fault diagnosis plays a vital role in ensuring the reliability, real-time data transmission, and insecticidal efficiency of SIL-IoTs. This work can also be extended for various types of smart agriculture applications and provide fault diagnosis references.

La2Zr2O7 powders were synthesized by solid-state reaction method. After spray granulation, the La2Zr2O7 coatings were fabricated by air plasma spray technique. The effect of heat treatment time on the properties of La2Zr2O7 coatings was investigated, focusing on phase composition, microstructure evolution and thermal conductivity. The results show that a single pyrochlore phase of La2Zr2O7 coating has been successfully fabricated. And the average porosity is 11.3%. The phase composition and porosity do not change with the prolongation of heat treatment time. The thermal conductivity of the as-sprayed coating can be as low as 0.392 W?m–1?K–1. A number of amorphous structures exist in the as-sprayed coating, which can effectively block the transmission of phonons. With an increase of thermal exposure time at 1300 ℃ in air, the amorphous structure is gradually transformed into crystalline structure, and the phonon transfer efficiency is obviously improved, resulting in a significant increase in the thermal conductivity of the coating. Interestingly, after heat treatment, the rebound effect of thermal conductivity at high temperature didn’t appear in this research.

Along with the increasing awareness of environmental protection and growing demand for green and pollution-free agricultural products, it has a great need to explore new ways to apply greener pest control methods in agricultural production. Researching on Solar Insecticidal Lamps (SILs) has continuously received incremental attentions from both the academia and industry, which brings a new mode for the preventing and controlling of agricultural migratory pests with phototaxis feature, and now is becoming to a hot research topic. Towards the fast development of "precision agriculture" and "smart agriculture" as well as the increasing demands for agricultural informatization, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been widely used for agricultural information collection and intelligent control of agricultural equipment. WSNs are suitable for large-scale deployment and regional monitoring, which can be easily combined with SIL nodes. Based on the combination, a new type of agricultural Internet of things - Solar Insecticidal Lamps Internet of Things (SIL-IoTs) was proposed and the technology of WSNs for the prevention and control of phototactic migratory pests in agricultural applications were surveyed. Firstly, the state-of-art insecticidal lamps applications was reviewed and their characteristics deployment manners and working lifetime in the production of crops (e.g., forest, fruits, rice, vegetables) were summarized. Secondly, the characteristics of existing GSM/3G/4G-enabled SIL nodes and their latest research status on SIL-IoTs were summarized. Furthermore, the research status was analyzed concerning the energy harvesting mode and deployment characteristics of SIL, which are solar energy SIL harvesting mode for energy saving and the heuristic mode for node deployment, respectively. Finally, towards the fast-developed vision of smart agriculture, in which various emerging IT and automation technologies are maturely applied, SIL-IoTs can be considered as a new and important component to contribute to the green agricultural pest monitoring and control. To further enhance SIL-IoTs' capability and enrich SIL-IoTs' function, four open research issues on SIL-IoTs were proposed, i.e., 1) optimized deployment scheme of SIL-IoTs with multiple constrains, 2) optimized and adaptive energy management strategy for ensuring normal working hours of SIL node, 3) lack of algorithms for pests outbreak area localization, and 4) interference on data transmission because of dense high voltage discharge during severe pest disaster. To sum up, SIL-IoTs is one of the representative applications of "precision agriculture" and "smart agriculture" based on WSNs, which is a new model on prevention and control of pests. The combination of both optimized deployment algorithms of SIL-IoTs nodes and artificial intelligence techniques will provide a theoretical basis for SIL-based applications in terms of optimized deployment and energy management. Intelligent pest information collection, alarm, and node' senergy management via SIL-IoTs will facilitate decisions-makings for precise agricultural applications in prevention and control of pests.

Range Cell Migration Correction (RCMC) represents an important advance in moving target imaging in the airborne single antenna high-resolution SAR system. In this paper, we propose a new four-step RCMC approach combined with parameter estimation that overcomes the drawbacks of high computation and low accuracy in high-resolution. First, we use the Hough transform and the energy balancing method to estimate the range velocity and correct the range walk. Next, we perform a range curvature correction in the range-Doppler domain by using the initial Doppler rate. Thirdly, we accurately estimate the Doppler rate using Mapdrift technology. Finally, we correct the residual range curvature by the accurate Doppler rate. Compared with traditional algorithms, the proposed method requires less computation and is robust in the high-resolution SAR system. In this paper, we present a mathematical model and validate its effectiveness using both simulation and real data.

This paper presents a radar working mode based on multi-pulse combination and coding, and the basic concept and theoretical model of pulse-coded radar are established. Using multi-pulse combination and the modulation of the time, frequency, and phase parameters, the pulse signal is coded in time domain, frequency domain, or time-frequency domain. Based on multi-pulse combination and coding, a new working method and theoretical basis are provided to solve the problem of coupling constraints among parameters of traditional pulse and continuous wave radars, which limits the performance of the radar system. Based on the fabricated Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and its tests, the pulse coding, target signal recovery method, and pulse coding performance were studied. The study and test results show that the sampling rate of radar signals could be reduced to break through the limitation of Nyquist sampling theorem and simplify the difficulty of system implementation using frequency division pulse coding method. A 5 GHz bandwidth signal was sampled with 4.8 GHz and was recovered without distortion in the radar system, and an SAR imaging resolution of 0.03×0.03 m was realized. By using the time domain pulse coding method with an increase of duty cycle, the signal-to-noise ratio was improved by over 20 dB. By using the two-dimensional pulse coding method, the SAR signal ambiguity was removed, and the imaging swath of over 90 km was realized. The theoretical and test results verify the significant advantages of the pulse coding method in improving radar performance, by which a new technical approach for the realization of high performance radar system is provided.

This paper provides a brief review of the development in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) borne SAR technology, and gives a summary on the important areas of UAV SAR, including the operation mode, key facilitating technology, performance and specifications, typical systems and applications. According to the characteristics and attributes of UAV platform, the paper focuses on the current development of high resolution, motion compensation and innovative operation mode of the UAV SAR payload. On the demonstration of high resolution, full polarization and interferometric UAV SAR systems, the technologies of top level design on modular reconfiguration, real-time image formation and multi-dimentional motion compensation involved are introduced in detail. Also, the future development trends of UAV SAR technology is discussed as well.

TiPW/SA was produced using the sol-gel method and characterized by FT-IR and N2 adsorption-desorption. Taking the gasoline with a sulfur compounds content of 300 mg/kg as experimental material, the catalytic oxidation and adsorption desulfurization performance of TiPW/SA was analyzed. The results showed that all the loaded catalysts keep the Keggin structures, and TiPW/SA has a supermicroporous structure, and the specific surface area is 325 m² / g . The analysis also suggested that the desulfurization rate of TiPW/SA under the optimal reaction condition could reach 92.08%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fetal structural anomalies and birth defects are primarily caused by genetic variants such as chromosomal number abnormalities, copy number variations (CNV), single nucleotide variants (SNV), and small insertions and deletions (indel). Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) as an emerging technology for genetic disease diagnosis can detect the aforementioned types of variants. In recent years, high-depth WGS (> 30×) for prenatal diagnosis has also become available, and proved to be practical for unraveling the genetic etiology of fetal developmental abnormalities. To facilitate clinical practice, test development and preliminary implementation of WGS for diagnosing fetal structural anomalies, we have formulated a consensus over the application of WGS in prenatal diagnosis by compiling previously published consensuses, guidelines, and research findings to provide a guidance on data analysis, reporting recommendations, and consultation of prenatal WGS results.

Objective: To retrospectively analyze the results of prenatal diagnosis for 67 pedigrees affected with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) from the Central Plain Region of China and explore the optimal diagnostic strategy., Methods: Probands from the 67 pedigrees were subjected to multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), next-generation sequencing (NGS) and Sanger sequencing to attain the diagnosis. The fetuses were subjected to prenatal diagnosis, and the results were verified with short tandem repeat (STR) analysis., Results: Among the 67 probands, large deletions, duplications and small mutations have accounted for 73.13% (49/67), 10.45% (7/67), and 16.42% (11/67), respectively. A hotspot deletion has involved exons 45 to 52. There were 11 small mutations, among which four were unreported previously. De novo mutations have accounted for 41.80% (28/67), of which 27 were novel large fragment deletions. Prenatal diagnosis was provided to 39 women who have carried the DMD gene mutations, 10 fetuses were identified as male patients and 7 fetuses were female carriers. Among the prenatal diagnosis results of 28 non-carrier pregnancies, one fetus was a male patient with the same mutation site as the proband., Conclusion: For the prenatal diagnosis of DMD, in addition to known pathogenic mutations, deletion of large fragments should also be excluded. Mothers of probands who do not carry the DMD mutation should also undergo prenatal diagnosis to rule out gonadal mosaicism.

Background: Malignant plural effusion (MPE) is one of the most common specimen for liquid biopsy gene detection. This study aims to explore a method for isolating tumor cells from large volume of MPE and evaluate its efficacy and application prospect in gene detection., Methods: Pleural effusions (>500 mL) from 20 advanced lung cancer patients were obtained by effusion drainage and used to isolate tumor cells with cell separation media Percoll and Ficoll. Cell number and purity were calculated. DNA was extracted from the supernatant (etDNA), total cells and isolated tumor cells of pleural effusion (ETC-DNA) to detect the mutation of tumor-related genes by next-generation sequencing., Results: The median number of cells isolated from malignant pleural effusion was 8.50×10⁴ (interquel range: 9.25×10³-3.75×10⁵), 85.50%±5.80% of the cells were identified as tumor cells. The detection rates of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation of etDNA, total cell DNA and ETC-DNA were 70.00%, 50.00% and 70.00%, reseparately, while the median EGFR mutation abundance in 3 components was 16.05% (4.78%-43.06%), 1.09% (0.00%-2.39%), and 33.02% (18.50%-76.70%), respectively. ETC-DNA had good consistency with tissue DNA (P>0.999, kappa=1.000) and etDNA (P>0.999, kappa=1.000). ETC-DNA inclined to have higher EGFR mutation than etDNA, but the result was not statistically significant., Conclusions: Our method can isolate large amount of tumor cells from a large volume of malignant pleural effusion with high purity. Using ETC-DNA as specimen improves the efficacy of gene detection, thus is worth further study.

Objective: To explore the relationship between paediatric early warning score (PEWS) and the occurrence of mechanical ventilation complications in children with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
 Methods: A total of 110 children with ARDS diagnosed in First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, who underwent mechanical ventilation, were selected. The baseline data, blood gas analysis index, laboratory test index, ventilator parameters, pediatric critical illness score (PCIS) and PEWS in the children were recorded. With reference to ventilatory treatment results, the children with ventilator-associated complications were included in the trial group (n=20), while the patients with good cohort status were included in the control group (n=40) according to the nested case-control study. Independent sample t-test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the factors affecting the occurrence of complications after ventilatory treatment.
 Results: There were statistically significant differences in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), serum creatinine (SCr), albumin (ALB), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), mechanical ventilation time, mean article pressure (MAP), tidal volume (VT), positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), PCIS, PEWS between the control group and the experimental group (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that MODS, PaO2/FiO2, PaCO2, VT, PEEP and PEWS had influence on complications after mechanical ventilation in children with ARDS (all P<0.05).
 Conclusion: The MODS, PaO2/FiO2, PaCO2, VT, PEEP, and PEWS exert effects on complications after mechanical ventilation in children with ARDS. PEWS combined with other indicators can assess the risk of complications in children with ARDS after mechanical ventilation.

Polydopamine (PDA) and MIL-53(Fe) modified Fe 3 O 4 particles (MIL-53(Fe)@PDA@Fe 3 O 4 magnetic composite) were prepared by simple one-pot solvothermal method. The obtained composite was introduced to rapidly extract four kinds of sulfonylurea herbicides (SUHs) from environmental water samples by magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE). Then the herbicides were analyzed by a high performance liquid chromatographic system equipped with a photodiode array detector. The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and water containing 0.01% (v/v) trifluoroacetic acid, and the detection wavelength was 233 nm. Significant extraction parameters were optimized to improve the extraction efficiency. Under the optimum conditions (5 mL desorption solvent of acetone, 4.5 min extraction time, 60 mg adsorbent dosage, 0.5 g NaCl and the pH 3 of the solution), the developed method showed good linearities with correlation coefficients ( r ) no less than 0.9980. The limits of detection (LODs, S/N =3) of the four SUHs were 0.28-0.77 μg/L. The method was successfully used to determine four SUHs in three kinds of environmental water samples with satisfactory recoveries ranging from 78.8% to 109.7%. Therefore, the MIL-53(Fe)@PDA@Fe 3 O 4 magnetic composite is efficient and has good potential for the extraction of SUHs.

Objective: To investigate osteopontin (OPN) expression in plasma and tissue of patients with layngeal squamous cell carcinoma and analyze its role in invasion, metastasis, and clinical significance in laryngeal quamous cell carcinoma., Method: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry were used to detect expression of OPN in plasma and tissue of 60 cases of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, 20 cases of adjacent normal laryngeal tissue and 20 cases of plasma from healthy subjects., Result: The expression of plasma OPN was closely correlated with clinical stage and cervical lymphatic metastasis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (P < 0.05), but no significant correlation with the tumor location, pathological grade, gender and age (P > 0.05). The expression of OPN increased in plasma during cancer development: laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (38.089 ± 9.225) ng/ml, healthy subjects (18.563 ± 9.308) ng/ml. There was a significant difference between the groups (P < 0.05). The expression of OPN in tissue was closely correlated with clinical stage (P < 0.05), pathological grade (P < 0.05) and cervical lymphatic metastasis (P < 0.05) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma adjacent atypical hyperplastic epithelium and carcinoma. The expression of OPN increased in tissue during cancer development: laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (56.67%), adjacent normal laryngeal tissue (15.00%). There was a significant difference between the groups (P < 0.05). Elevated expression of plasma OPN is positively correlated with the expression of OPN in tissue in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients (r = 0. 871, P < 0.05)., Conclusion: OPN plays an important role in the infiltration, metastasis and carcinogenesis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Combination of serum OPN, tissue OPN detection can be used as diagnostic and surveillance indicators for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma infiltration and metastasis.

Objective: To evaluate therapeutic eff ect of siRNA-HDAC5 on non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice by using small interference RNA (siRNA) technique to knock down the expression of HDAC5 in spleen CD4+ T cells., Methods: NOD mice, 12-weeks old, were randomly divided into 3 groups and were given normal saline, siRNA-Control or siRNA-HDAC5 through caudal vein injection. The spleens and other samples were collected at the 18th, 24th or 30th week. The blood glucose was tested by blood glucose meter. The urinary albumin and serum levels of IL-1, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α were detected by ELISA. The mRNA levels of CD11a, CCR5, and CX3CR1 in spleen CD4+ T cells were measured by quantitative Real-time PCR. The HDAC5 protein level in spleen CD4+ T cell was detected by Western blot., Results: Compared with the control group, the siRNA-HDAC5 group showed a significant decrease in blood glucose, urine albumin excretion rate, serum cytokine and the mRNA levels of CD11a, CCR5, and CX3CR1, consist with the decrease in protein level of HDAC5., Conclusion: Inhibition of HDAC5 expression in NOD mice could effectively alleviate the onset and development of kidney damage caused by diabetes.

Objective: To explore the relationship between histone acetylation modification in spleen CD4+T cells and diabetic nephropathy., Methods: Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice were randomly divided into 4 groups and random blood glucose at 12, 18, 24 and 30 weeks were detected. Urinary albumin and creatinine were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The global acetylation levels of H3 and H4 in CD4+T cells were measured by H3/H4 acetylation kit. The relevant mRNA expression level of histone acetylation modification enzymes was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the altered expression genes verified by Western blot., Results: Compared with mice from 12 weeks, there were significant increases in blood glucose levels and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) from 24 and 30 weeks (glucose: (18.1±6.3) and (20.7±7.5) vs (7.2±3.1) mmol/L, ACR: (4.04±1.54) and (8.11±1.77) vs (2.12±0.56) mg/g). Conversely, the global acetylation levels of H3 (0.068±0.023 and 0.043±0.017 vs 0.127±0.036) and H4 (0.058±0.022 and 0.041±0.019 vs 0.082±0.032) in spleen CD4+T cells from 24 and 30 weeks were obviously lower. The mRNA levels of such histone acetylases as P300 (15.53±6.31 and 13.76±3.62 vs 22.94±7.40) and P300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) (3.21±0.81 and 2.74±0.36 vs 5.31±0.73) declined while the protein and mRNA of histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) significantly increased from 24 and 30 weeks. All the above differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The levels of H3 (r=-0.590, P=0.043) and H4 (r=-0.702, P=0.011) were negatively correlated with urinary ACR while HDAC5 level was positively correlated with urinary ACR from 24 and 30 weeks (r=0.673, P=0.016)., Conclusions: With aging and progression of nephropathy in NOD mice, the global acetylation levels of H3 and H4 decrease while the expression level of HDAC5 increases in spleen CD4+T cell. And altered HDAC5 expression in spleen CD4+T cells is closely correlated with kidney damage in NOD mice.

Objective: To investigate the role and clinical value of the serum level of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in laryngeal squamous cell cancer and the relationship between HGF, VEGF and clinicopathological factors., Method: We measured serum HGF and VEGF level in 54 laryngeal squamous cell cancer patients using ELISA to demonstrate the variation of HGF, VEGF level before operation and at day 1, 3, 7, 14 post-surgery. The concentration of the serum HGF, VEGF content in 35 normal healthy people and in 30 vocal cords polyps patients were measured by the quantitative sandwich enzyme linked immunoassay technique., Result: (1) The level of serum HGF and VEGF in the patients with laryngeal squamous cell cancer was significantly higher than that of normal healthy people and vocal cord polyps patients (P < 0.01). (2) The level of serum HGF, VEGF in the patients with laryngeal squamous cell cancer was related to clinical stage, differentiation situation, lymph nodes metastasis (P < 0.01), but it was independent of age at diagnosis, gender and tumor location (P > 0.05). (3) There was a significantly positive correlation between preoperative serum VEGF and HGF levels (r = 0.7667, P < 0.01). (4) Post-operational serum HGF levels in 54 laryngeal squamous cell cancer patients who underwent surgical intervention increased significantly, peaked at day 3 after operation. Serum HGF levels of survivors during follow-up period gradually decreased at day 7 and day 14 after operation. The postoperative serum levels of VEGF were decreased significantly than that of preoperation., Conclusion: HGF and VEGF may play an important role in the development and progression of human laryngeal cancer. Elevated serum HGF and VEGF levels predict a more aggressive biological behavior in laryngeal squamous cell cancer.

Objective: From gene lever identified the asexual stage of Taishan cordyceps., Methods: Using rDNA ITS regions as molecular targets, PCR amplification, sequencing, and comparing with the other ITS region sequences of known., Results: Through the Blast search of GenBank, the ITS sequence is same as the sequence of Paecilomyces tenuipes (100% )., Conclusion: The asexual stage of Taishan cordyceps was proved through molecular biology method for the first time. The results showed that the asexual stage of Taishan cordyceps. should be Isariafarinosa, not be Hirsutella sinensis.