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Functional nano-coatings have been a research hotspot in recent years. The nano-size composition units provide good volume effect and surface effect for functional nano-coatings, and greatly optimize the mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance and wear resistance of the coatings. The preparation technology and properties of functional nano-coatings determine the application range of nano-coatings. However, most reviews focus on certain properties, preparation methods or applications of functional nano-coatings, and lack of reviews on the integrity of functional nano-coatings. Firstly, this work introduced the concept and classification of functional nano-coatings briefly. Secondly, the preparation techniques of functional nano-coatings were described in detail, including traditional chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition and sol-gel method, the latest plasma spraying technology and other preparation techniques. Moreover, the principles, advantages and disadvantages of various nano-coatings preparation technologies and the application of nano-coatings in materials were analyzed and summarized. Finally, the latest and popular applications of functional nano-coatings were reviewed in detail, and the application prospect and potential of functional nano-coatings were prospected.

The purpose of the work is to research the planar source of 14C with large size by the absorbability of the anodizing membrane. The adsorption of 14C on the anodizing membrane with thickness of 4 to 12 μm were investigated. The adsorption of 14C and the uniformity of the planar source were investigated on the volume of 14C solution. The specific activity of 14C was investigated on adsorption of 14C. The fastness, the uniformity and the surface emission rate of the planar source of 14C were measured. The result shows that the uniformity of the planar source (100 mm×150 mm) of14C is precede 10%. The plateau length is 400 V, the slope of the plateau is 0.3% per 100 V. The threshold correction is 0.2%. The uncertainty of 14C source measurement is 2% (k=2). The technical parameters of the developed plane source 14C can meet the requirements of relevant standards.

To introduce 3D printing technology into the field of radiation source preparation and make up for the lack of precision special-shaped radiation source preparation technology at home and abroad. The photosensitive resin for 133Cs 3D printing was prepared by studying the phase transfer method and detected by ICP-MS to explore the preparation conditions. Then, the photosensitive resin material for 137Cs 3D printing was prepared and detected by lanthanum bromide detector. The results show that the uneven distribution of cesium in three photosensitive resins for 133Cs 3D printing and 137Cs 3D printing prepared by phase transfer method was less than 5%. As a simple and mild method, phase transfer method can be used to prepare photosensitive resin for 3D printing containing cesium, and has certain universality.

To study the new type of dosimeter with a dose up to the ultra-high dose range of MGy, the electron spin resonance (ESR) method is used to measure the signal intensity of the sample irradiated by gamma rays or electron beams. Preliminary studies have been carried out through the selection of sensitive materials, linearity after irradiation, and stability. The results showed that the quartz can be used as a raw material for ultra-high dosimeters. After 15 min 300 ℃ proper heat treatment, the signal intensity of the irradiated quartz sample can maintain good stability within one year with a change of less than 3%. The radiation dose and the E′ signal intensity of quartz are proportional to the dose range of 10-103 kGy. The fitting coefficient is above 0.99. Compared with the high-purity quartz sample without heat treatment, the stability and R2 of fitting function of quartz sample are significantly improved. Therefore, the quartz dosimeter is suitable as a working dosimeter in the ultra-high dose range.

Al2O3:C optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter (OSLD) was prepared by liquid film forming method, and its dosimetric properties were studied. The results showed that the background was 0.03 mGy after annealing, the uniformity was better than 2%, and it had linear response with correlation coefficient R2=0.999 6 in the measurement range of 0.02 mGy-10 Gy, the difference between the response coefficients of β and γ ray was about 10%, the response coefficient of neutron was about 4%-7% of β and γ rays, the response signal of dosimeter had no obvious attenuation after multiple measurements, and the response changed by 5% in two months after exposure, which can be used for dose archiving and retesting in a certain period. The results show that the OSLD prepared by the liquid film forming method has good dosimetric properties, which prove the feasibility of the method.

I-131 is an important artificial radionuclide and an important detection object in nuclear facilities. The current mainstream method is to use a uniformly distributed Ba-133 source instead of an iodine source to calibrate the I-131 detection instrument. However, in the process of value transmission, the distribution of the I-131 calibration standard source directly affects the setting value of the standard source and affects the calibration of the testing instrument. The plane source is used to determine the detection efficiency at different depths, and the depth efficiency curve is established. The fitting result is η(x)=0.007 655e-0.020 6x. Therefore, the activity efficiency equation of I-131 was established through mathematical analysis, and the positive and negative measurement results were used to solve it to determine its activity distribution. The distribution of the three I-131 sources is uniform distribution, exponential distribution and plane distribution. The deviation of exponential distribution source is between the deviation of the positive and negative measurement results of the uniform distribution source，which does not exceed 1%，and the deviation of the positive and negative measurement results of the planar distribution source，which exceeds 50%. By judging the quick solution of the source distribution, it is easy to prepare the calibration standard source and establish the on-site calibration process.

To develop anodizing devise of 20% sulphuric acid for the preparation of the source of nonmetal nuclide, the process paramenters of the anodizing membrane were studied, the adsorption performance of radionuclide 14C was verified, and a new method for the preparation of the plate source of nonmetal nuclide was developed. The influence of several parameters including temperature, volt and time to the thickness of the anodizing membrane were investigated within 14-20 ℃, 10-22 V and 20-150 min. The result shows that the thickness of the anodizing membrane produced by the process is within 4-60 μm and the uniformity of the thickness is precede 7%. The absorbent of the anodizing membrane within 4-12 μm is over the 75% to the 14C. The research can provide a new method for the developing of the plane source of nonmetallic nuclide.

Cerebrovascular diseases are important causes of clinical death and disability because of high prevalence and morbidity and easy to recurrence. A number of risk factors have involved in the progress of cerebrovascular diseases, which include uncontrolled and controlled risk factors. The former refers to old age, gender, low birth weight, race/ethnicity, genetic factors, etc. The latter includes hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation and other cardiac diseases, dyslipidemia, asymptomatic carotid stenosis, obesity, smoking, unhealthy lifestyle, alcoholism, metabolic syndrome, hyperhomocysteinemia, etc. Meanwhile, hypertension is the most important one in the above-mentioned risk factors. It would effectively reduce or postpone the onset of cerebrovascular diseases through proper intervention and management on those risk factors. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2015.01.006

Objective To investigate the effects of early cranioplasty on neurologic and cognitive function in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) after decompression of bone flap. Methods One hundred and six patients with TBI who underwent cranioplasty after decompression of bone flap were selected from January 2016 to December 2019, and were divided into early cranioplasty group (48 cases, 1-3 months after decompression) and conventional cranioplasty group (58 cases, 3-6 months after decompression). Before and 6 months after operation, Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), modified Rankin Scale (mRS), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Mini - Mental State Examination (MMSE) were utilized, and recorded syndrome of the trephine incidence of 6 months after craniotomy decompression. Results At 6 months after craniotomy decompression, GOS (P = 0.000) and MMSE (P = 0.000) scores of both groups were significantly higher than those before craniotomy decompression, while mRS (P = 0.000) and NIHSS (P = 0.000) scores were significantly lower than those before craniotomy decompression. GOS (P = 0.041) and MMSE (P = 0.040) scores in the early cranioplasty group were significantly higher than those in the conventional cranioplasty group, while mRS (P = 0.021) and NIHSS P = 0.043) scores were significantly lower than those in the conventional cranioplasty group, and the incidence of syndrome of the trephine was also lower than that in the conventional cranioplasty group [18.75% (9/48) vs. 39.66% (23/58); χ² = 5.446, P = 0.020]. Conclusions Early cranioplasty for TBI patients after cranioplasty decompression with bone - removing flap can effectively improve activities of daily living, nerve function and cognitive function, reduce the incidence of syndrome of the trephine, and improve prognosis and long-term quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FTIR was used to indicate whether the grinding can improve the floatability of the two different oxidized coals. The results of FTIR show that the grinding processes can reduce the contents of hydrophilic groups(carboxyl and hydroxyl) and increase the content of hydrophobic groups (benzene rings and methyl). The coal oxidized mildly can be floated efficiently after 20-30 min grinding. The coal heavily oxidized can also be floated efficiently after 80 min grinding. But the flotation recovery of heavy oxidized coal drops down while the grinding time is more than 80 min. The best flotation recovery of heavy oxidized coal occurs while the yield of size fraction 62-11 µm is the highest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To study the virtual reality-pattern visual evoked potential (VR-PVEP) P100 waveform characteristics of monocular visual impairment with different impaired degrees under simultaneous binocular perception and monocular stimulations., Methods: A total of 55 young volunteers with normal vision (using decimal recording method, far vision ≥0.8 and near vision ≥0.5) were selected to simulate three groups of monocular refractive visual impairment by interpolation method. The sum of near and far vision ≤0.2 was Group A, the severe visual impairment group; the sum of near and far vision <0.8 was Group B, the moderate visual impairment group; and the sum of near and far vision ≥0.8 was Group C, the mild visual impairment group. The volunteers' binocular normal visions were set as the control group. The VR-PVEP P100 peak times measured by simultaneous binocular perception and monocular stimulation were compared at four spatial frequencies 16×16, 24×24, 32×32 and 64×64., Results: In Group A, the differences between P100 peak times of simulant visual impairment eyes and simultaneous binocular perception at 24×24, 32×32 and 64×64 spatial frequencies were statistically significant ( P <0.05); and the P100 peak time of normal vision eyes at 64×64 spatial frequency was significantly different from the simulant visual impairment eyes ( P <0.05). In Group B, the differences between P100 peak times of simulant visual impairment eyes and simultaneous binocular perception at 16×16, 24×24 and 64×64 spatial frequencies were statistically significant ( P <0.05); and the P100 peak time of normal vision eyes at 64×64 spatial frequency was significantly different from the simulant visual impairment eyes ( P <0.05). In Group C, there was no significant difference between P100 peak times of simulant visual impairment eyes and simultaneous binocular perception at all spatial frequencies ( P >0.05). There was no significant difference in the P100 peak times measured at all spatial frequencies between simulant visual impairment eyes and simultaneous binocular perception in the control group ( P >0.05)., Conclusions: VR-PVEP can be used for visual acuity evaluation of patients with severe and moderate monocular visual impairment, which can reflect the visual impairment degree caused by ametropia. VR-PVEP has application value in the objective evaluation of visual function and forensic clinical identification.

Objectives: To explore the changes of elbow flexor muscle strength after musculocutaneous nerve injury and its correlation with needle electromyography (nEMG) parameters., Methods: Thirty cases of elbow flexor weakness caused by unilateral brachial plexus injury (involving musculocutaneous nerve) were collected. The elbow flexor muscle strength was evaluated by manual muscle test (MMT) based on Lovett Scale. All subjects were divided into Group A (grade 1 and grade 2, 16 cases) and Group B (grade 3 and grade 4, 14 cases) according to their elbow flexor muscle strength of injured side. The biceps brachii of the injured side and the healthy side were examined by nEMG. The latency and amplitude of the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) were recorded. The type of recruitment response, the mean number of turns and the mean amplitude of recruitment potential were recorded when the subjects performed maximal voluntary contraction. The quantitative elbow flexor muscle strength was measured by portable microFET 2 Manual Muscle Tester. The percentage of residual elbow flexor muscle strength (the ratio of quantitative muscle strength of the injured side to the healthy side) was calculated. The differences of nEMG parameters, quantitative muscle strength and residual elbow flexor muscle strength between the two groups and between the injured side and the healthy side were compared. The correlation between elbow flexor manual muscle strength classification, quantitative muscle strength and nEMG parameters was analyzed., Results: After musculocutaneous nerve injury, the percentage of residual elbow flexor muscle strength in Group B was 23.43% and that in Group A was 4.13%. Elbow flexor manual muscle strength classification was significantly correlated with the type of recruitment response, and the correlation coefficient was 0.886 ( P <0.05). The quantitative elbow flexor muscle strength was correlated with the latency and amplitude of CMAP, the mean number of turns and the mean amplitude of recruitment potential, and the correlation coefficients were -0.528, 0.588, 0.465 and 0.426 ( P <0.05), respectively., Conclusions: The percentage of residual elbow flexor muscle strength can be used as the basis of muscle strength classification, and the comprehensive application of nEMG parameters can be used to infer quantitative elbow flexor muscle strength.

Bone development shows certain regularity with age. The regularity can be used to infer age and serve many fields such as justice, medicine, archaeology, etc. As a non-invasive evaluation method of the epiphyseal development stage, MRI is widely used in living age estimation. In recent years, the rapid development of machine learning has significantly improved the effectiveness and reliability of living age estimation, which is one of the main development directions of current research. This paper summarizes the analysis methods of age estimation by knee joint MRI, introduces the current research trends, and future application trend.

Objectives: To reduce the dimension of characteristic information extracted from pelvic CT images by using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) methods. To establish a support vector machine (SVM) classification and identification model to identify if there is pelvic injury by the reduced dimension data and evaluate the feasibility of its application., Methods: Eighty percent of 146 normal and injured pelvic CT images were randomly selected as training set for model fitting, and the remaining 20% was used as testing set to verify the accuracy of the test, respectively. Through CT image input, preprocessing, feature extraction, feature information dimension reduction, feature selection, parameter selection, model establishment and model comparison, a discriminative model of pelvic injury was established., Results: The PLS dimension reduction method was better than the PCA method and the SVM model was better than the naive Bayesian classifier (NBC) model. The accuracy of the modeling set, leave-one-out cross validation and testing set of the SVM classification model based on 12 PLS factors was 100%, 100% and 93.33%, respectively., Conclusions: In the evaluation of pelvic injury, the pelvic injury data mining model based on CT images reaches high accuracy, which lays a foundation for automatic and rapid identification of pelvic injuries.

Objective: To systematically review the efficacy and safety of beclomethasone nasal spray in the treatment of chronic adenoid hypertrophy in children., Methods: We computerized searches of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (issue1, 009), MEDLINE (1950 to August 2008), EMbase (1984 to August 2008), CNKI (1994 to September 2008), and VIP (1989 to August 2008), WANFANG DATA, Annual Review-s and Elsevier Science. Also the reference lists of all papers were identified for further trials. All searches were initially performed in May 2007 and updated in April 2009.Randomized controlled trials (RCT) and quasi-RCTs were identified and analyzed according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions., Results: Three RCT were included. Meta-analysis was not performed due to heterogeneity and the data were summarized in a narrative format. The trials showed that higher doses of beclomethasone (336 microg/d, 400 microg/d) might improve the nasal obstruction symptoms and reduce adenoid size in children with adenoid hypertrophy., Conclusions: Higher and subsequently half doses of beclomethasone (336 microg/d, 400 microg/d) can improve the nasal obstruction symptoms in children with adenoid hypertrophy.The improvement appears to be associated with a reduction of adenoid size. Because of a lack of the RCT, further studies are required to support the use of beclomethasone as a first-line approach for these children.

Objective: To observe the cardioprotective effects of propofol and midazolam in children with congenital heart diseases undergoing open heart surgery., Methods: Thirty-two children with cyanotic congenital heart diseases of ASA classes I - II were randomly divided into 2 equal groups: propofol combined with low dose fentanyl group (Group PF) and midazolam combined with low dose fentanyl group (Group MF). The changes of hemodynaics, ECG, SpO2, nasopharyngeal and rectal temperatures were monitored continuously. The time of tracheal extubation and ICU staying time were recorded. Venous blood samples were collected when the venous channel was opened (T(0)), 2 h after declamping of the aorta (T(4)), and 24 h after operation (T(5)) to detect the plasma cardiac troponin I (cTnI). Myocardium samples were collected 10 - 20 min after aorta cross-clamp (T(2)), and 10 - 20 min after declamping of the aorta (T(3)) to undergo immunohistochemistry to observe the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)., Results: The tracheal time of Group GF was 14.17 h, significantly shorter than that of Group MF (23.65 h, P < 0.05), and the ICU staying time of Group GF was 30.17 h, significantly shorter than that of Group MF (49.47 h, P < 0.05). The plasma cTnI level at T(4) of Group GF was 97 ng/ml +/- 33 ng/ml, significantly higher than those at T(0) (0.17 ng/ml +/- 0.10 ng/ml, P < 0.01) and T(5) (23 ng/ml +/- 13 ng/ml, P < 0.01). The plasma cTnI level at T(4) of Group MF was138 ng/ml +/- 56 ng/ml, significantly higher than those at T(0) (0.62 ng/ml +/- 0.96 ng/ml, P < 0.01) and T(5) (24 ng/ml +/- 6 ng/ml, P < 0.01). And the plasma cTnI levels at T(5) of these 2 groups were both significantly higher than those at T(0) (both P < 0.01), however, there was no significant difference in the plasma cTnI level at any time point between these 2 groups. The grey values of HO-1 in cardiac muscle cells at T(2) of Groups GF and MF were 182.2 +/- 0.8 and 193.5 +/- 1.4, both significantly higher than those at T(3) (125.6 +/- 2.1 and 145.5 +/- 7.4 respectively, both P < 0.01), and the grey values of HO-1 in cardiac muscle cells at T(2) and T(3) of Group MF were both significantly higher than those of Group GF (both P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Both propofol and midazolam have protective effects for the children with congenital heart diseases undergoing open heart surgery, and propofol is superior to midazolam in the cardioprotection.