Search

Resistiveness to care (RTC) is a common abnormal behavioral symptom in dementia patients during the care process, which seriously negatively impacts the patients and their caregivers. The research on assessment tools for RTC started earlier in foreign countries, and has explored relevant aspects more deeply and comprehensively. Since the Resistiveness to Care Scale for Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type (RTC-DAT) came out in 1999, overseas researchers have made several revisions to its content and methods, and have expanded it to include different scales for assessing RTC in different care settings. In this paper, we present a review of the tools developed overseas to assess RTC in patients with dementia, focusing on the differences in contents and methods of the tools, and the characteristics, strengths and weaknesses of each tool, which may offer insights into China's development of such a tool or introduction of a foreign tool applicable to China. The evaluation method of the assessment tools currently used in foreign research on RTC in patients with dementia is mostly based on the researcher-observed method used in the initial RTC-DAT, which faces many limitations in its practical application. The Refusal of Care Informant Scale (RoCIS) developed in 2022 attempts to use the method of evaluation by consulting caregivers, which is commonly used in other fields, providing a new way for China's introduction or development of a RTC assessment tool applicable to Chinese dementia patients. Considering various types of these tools, we recommend that the tool should be selected according to its applicability assessed comprehensively.

Resistance to care (RTC) is a common abnormal behavioral manifestation of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. Although RTC is strongly associated with agitation or aggressive behavior, it is a specific behavioral response of dementia patients to caregivers, and may result in a negative feedback mechanism as it often directly, negatively impacts caregivers. Currently, there are rare studies on RTC in dementia patients or measuring RTC in these patients using relevant tools in China, which may be because domestic researchers easily confuse RTC with other behavioral concepts. While the concept of RTC was introduced earlier in foreign studies, and has been systematically explored and studied. In this paper, we reviewed available relevant studies, and gave a detailed description of the concept, impact, assessment tools, and interventions regarding RTC, with a view to providing ideas and strategies for the study of RTC in patients with dementia in China.

Objective: To investigate the effect of Schizandrin B on lung injury in rats with acute pancreatitis (AP) via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) /nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Methods: SD rats were taken and induced the establishment of AP lung injury model by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into the bile duct. According to random number table method, they were divided into model group, schisandrin B group, TLR4 overexpression vector group, TLR4 empty group, schisandrin B+ TLR4 overexpression vector group, 12 rats per group. Twelve SD rats only flipped the intestines without injecting 5% sodium taurocholate, as the sham operation group. After intervening rats in groups with drugs, pulmonary function of rats in each group, the amount of ascites and lung tissue wet weight/dry weight (W/D) of rats in each group were measured; HE staining was used to detect pathological morphology of lung tissue and score; levels of arterial blood gas indexes of rats in each group were detected by fully automatic biochemical analyser; levels of serum amylase and inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-18 were measured by ELISA; Western blotting was used to detect protein expression of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in lung tissue; expression of TLR4 protein in lung tissue of rat in each group was detected by immunohistochemical staining. Results: Compared with sham operation group, lung tissue of rats in model group showed pathological changes, MV, PEF, PaO2 and OI of model group were significantly reduced (P<0.05), while Ri, ascites volume, W/D, PaCO2, Holfbauer score, serum amylase, IL-6 and IL-18 levels, lung tissue proportion of TLR4 positive cells, expressions of TLR4 and MYD88 protein, p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 level were significantly increased (P<0.05) . Compared with model group and schisandrin B+TLR4 overexpression vector group, respectively, pathological changes of lung tissue of rats in schisandrin B group were reduced, MV, PEF, PaO2 and OI were all increased (P<0.05), while Ri, ascites volume, W/D, PaCO2, Holfbauer score, serum amylase, IL-6 and IL-18 levels, lung tissue proportion of TLR4 positive cells, expressions of TLR4 and MYD88 protein, p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 levels were decreased (P<0.05); in TLR4 overexpression vector group, degree of pathological damage in lung tissue of rats was aggravated, MV, PEF, PaO2 and OI were all decreased (P<0.05), while Ri, ascites volume, W/D, PaCO2, Holfbauer score, serum amylase, IL-6 and IL-18 levels, lung tissue proportion of TLR4 positive cells, expressions of TLR4 and MYD88 protein, p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 level were increased (P<0.05) . Compared with model group, rats in TLR4 empty group showed no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion: Schizandrin B can down-regulate TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway to inhibit inflammation, reduce lung injury in AP rats, and repair lung function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional servo system has the advantages of simple structure and reliability,but it is easy to change with the parameters of the motor,so the anti load disturbance performance is poor,and the robustness is weak. In order to solve this problem,an adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller is added to the system. As a kind of non continuity control,the biggest advantage is that the sliding mode is completely adaptive to the interference of the system. The integral sliding mode surface is used to design the switching function and the fuzzy method is used to realize the high precision control of linear systems and nonlinear systems. The simulation results show that the adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control is not only robust and fast response speed,but also can greatly weaken the chattering phenomenon of sliding mode control under the similar control effect.

When dealing with the problems of non-normality, multi-variables, small failure probability, and nonlinear performance functions, it was difficult to pursue satisfactory accuracy with low cost by means of traditional structural reliability solution methods. In order to overcome the short comings of existing methods, an adaptive subdivision-importance sampling method for solving structural reliability was proposed by organically combining universal generating function, adaptive subdivision method and importance sampling. According to the adaptive subdivision theory, the critical region was subdivided to reduce the discrete interval length, and the random variables were subdivided nonuniformly and adaptively by the backward recursion operation to obtain the probability of the failure region and the subdivided critical region, and the structure universal generating function of the critical region might be obtained by means of combination operations. The failure probability of the critical region was mainly obtained by employing the important sampling for the hot focal elements The sum of the failure probabilities of the failure region and the critical region were the estimate of the structural failure probability. The examples indicate that the errors of the new method are significantly less than that of traditional methods. Additionally, the computational efficiency is improved wit] the help of importance sampling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How to develop the west of China and how to balance the development between the east and the west of China is a longstanding topic. More than 80 years ago, Mr. Hu Huanyong researched population distribution and agricultural regional development based on China's traditional agriculture and the sharp contradiction between 450 million people and arable land at that time. Today, what we call the development of the west is by no means the issue of the traditional agricultural planting industry, but the issue of how to put forward new business forms and new high-quality developments that are suitable to the western region under the national conditions of the new era. This study combines Hu Huanyong Line with Mid-Spine Belt of Beautiful China (MSBBC) and expounds different themes under different times background. Hu Huanyong Line is a reflection of the characteristics of the sudden change of population density dividing line in modern China as a traditional agricultural country. MSBBC is the strategic need of the new land space planning with high-quality development in the contemporary new era, and is the strategic move to reduce the imbalance of development between the east half and the west half. The study puts forward the following suggestions: (1) Taking the MSBBC as the pioneer and demonstration belt of new infrastructure construction; (2) Taking the MSBBC as an important part of the unified and differentiated strategic planning for constructing a new developing pattern; (3) Building the MSBBC into a hub channel of internal and external circulation; (4) Building the MSBBC into an ecological security barrier belt, a national defense security belt, and a new livable living area; (5) Constructing the MSBBC into a new type of urbanization development mode; (6) Connecting the development strategy of the MSBBC with other national strategies to help realize the dream of Chinese rejuvenation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The erodibility parameters of barrier dam were an important basis for the evaluation of the outburst flood in the emergency treatment of the dammed lake. The erosion rate was typically modeled with excess shear stress model and Wilson model. However, there is no unified understanding of the range of erodibility parameters. In order to study the range of erodibility parameters of various types of soils and the relationship between the erodibility parameters of two models and soil properties, quickly determine the erodibility parameters of the dam, a database of 279 test results were collected from the literature review as well as by contacting researchers and organizations working on erosion around the world. The samples were classified into coarse-grained and fine-grained soils according to the unified soil classification system. Correlation analysis and regression analysis of the data were used to obtain the relationship between the erodibility parameters and soil properties. Four measures were used to evaluate the statistical significance of the relationship between erodibility parameters and soil parameters for coarse-grained and fine- grained soils: R² MSE Fvalue/Fstatistic and cross-validation. The erodibility parameters obtained from the experimental data were compared with the erodibility parameters predicted by the regression equation, the range of erodibility parameters of different soil and correlation between erosion parameters and soil parameters were obtained. According to the erodibility parameters database, the regression equation of erodibility parameters were obtained through statistical analysis of limited soil parameters and erodibility parameters to quickly predict the erosion rate of the soil. Finally, taking Baige weir plug as an example, according to the erodibility parameter database and statistical relationship established in this study, the erodibility parameters and erosion rate were analyzed rapidly. The research findings can be used to quickly determine the erosion parameters of the dam plug body, and provide help for rapid assessment of the risk of burst flood under emergency conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the short-term effectiveness of arthroscopic surgery combined with direct anterior approach for hip diseases., Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 23 cases with hip diseases (23 hips), who were treated with the arthroscopic surgery combined with direct anterior approach, between January 2015 and December 2016. There were 9 males and 14 females, aged from 27 to 49 years (mean, 38.6 years). There were 11 cases of posterior dislocation of the hip associated with femoral head fracture (Pipkin typeⅠ) and 7 cases of femoral neck fracture (Garden type Ⅳ). And the interval between injury and operation was 2-8 days (mean, 4.3 days). Five cases were osteonecrosis of femoral head at precollapse stage which were rated as stageⅡA according to Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) classification system. The disease duration was 3-8 months (mean, 5.9 months). The preoperative Harris hip score, Oxford Hip Score (OHS), Postel score, and visual analogue scale (VAS) were 57.3±8.2, 11.2±3.6, 3.2±1.5, and 7.2±1.3, respectively., Results: All the wounds healed primarily. Lateral femoral nerve injury occurred in 3 cases. All patients were followed up 8-19 months (mean, 15.6 months). Bone union achieved in all patients after 14-19 weeks (mean, 15.8 weeks) and no secondary osteoarthritis or heterotopic ossification occurred. At last follow-up, the Harris hip score (92.5±5.3), OHS (36.5±5.9), and Postel score (14.2±2.6) were significantly higher than preoperative scores ( t =45.274, P =0.000; t =36.586, P =0.000; t =32.486, P =0.000), and VAS score (1.8±0.9) was significantly lower than preoperative score ( t =21.314, P =0.000)., Conclusion: Arthroscopic surgery combined with direct anterior approach for hip diseases can effectively relieve pain, improve hip function, and obtain the satisfactory short-term effectiveness.

Objective: To detect the caspase-14 expression in malignant melanoma cells and tumor tissues and its effect on tumor resistance to drug., Methods: The mRNA and protein level of caspase-14 in 4 melanoma cell lines (A375, A875, M14, and SK-Mel-1) and the melanocytes, was detected by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blotting. Caspase-14 expression in 34 malignant melanoma tumor tissues and 10 dermal nevus tissues was determined by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry., Results: Caspase-14 expression was seen in melanoma cells and melanocytes. It was higher in melanoma-associated antigen 1 recognized by T cells (MART-1) positive cells than in MART-1 negative cells. The cells expressing the lower caspase-14 were more sensitive to the treatment with either chemotherapy drugs camptothecin and cisplatin or radiotherapy than the ones expressing the higher caspase-14 (P<0.01). Caspase-14 expression was observed in 70% dermal nevus, as well as 97% in malignant melanoma tissues, and the difference between them was statistically significant (P<0.05)., Conclusion: Caspase-14 is expressed in tissues and cells of malignant melanoma. Our data indicated that the expression level of caspase-14 affected the drug sensitivity of melanoma.