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The deformation behavior, microstructure evolution and precipitation phase of 617B alloy were studied by Gleeble thermal simulator, SEM and creep rupture test method. The results show that, 617B alloy has a high deformation resistance and the temperature range of processing secure channel is between 1165-1200℃; alloy instability exists in two forms:one is the formation of adiabatic shear band; another is the abnormal growth of full dynamic recrystallization grain; with extension of the stress rupture time, the microhardness increases rapidly and then tends to be steady, γ' is the main precipitate and the precipitate phase grows up with the time extension, but no harmful phases, and with higher stress rupture strength performance.

Based on analysis of horizontal well data characteristics, the differences of data distribution and variogram between vertical and horizontal wells in MPE3 oil field of Orinoco heavy oil belt were compared, and modeling strategies were proposed to cope with the big data paradox when data of horizontal wells was used directly into geologic modeling. The study shows the horizontal wells in the study area contain a large quantity of information, strong directionality of well trajectories and high drilling ratio of sandstone, causing variogram analysis result unconformable to the geologic understanding, and in turn making errors in the modeling of sedimentary microfacies and reservoir physical properties and prediction of probabilistic reserves. Firstly, the distributary channel distribution variogram was analyzed with data of vertical wells, and then the lithofacies framework was established under the control of the sedimentary facies and seismic data. After that, the horizontal wells data revealing high heterogeneity accuracy of reservoir, was combined with the vertical wells data to analyze argillaceous interlayer variograms and the corresponding reservoir lithofacies models were constructed. Finally, reservoir physical property models were generated and the geological reserves were calculated by wellblocks. This reservoir modeling method does not only reflect the geologic features underground, but also improve the accuracy of inter-well sand body prediction, and enhance the reliability of reservoir geologic model ultimately. Key words: horizontal well, geological modeling, big data paradox, big data analysis, variogram

Using persistent experiment method, combined with Gleeble,hardness analysis, SEM, EDS, TEM and other analytical methods, the hot deformation, stress rupture and precipitation behavior of TP310HCbN heat resistance steel was analysed at 650℃ and 700℃, the results show that:the change of the hardness is not obviously under two different stress rupture temperature; with stress rupture time prolongs, TP310HCbN heat-resistant steel intragranular precipitates from granular into rod-shaped, and presence of wormlike NbCrN rich precipitates and dislocation interactions; Taiyuan Iron and Steel production of TP310HCbN heat-resistant steel at 650/700℃-100000h extrapolation lasting strength meet the standard requirements.

Teaching medicinal chemistry in English plays a crucial role in cultivating international and innovative pharmaceutical talents. This study, based on the practical work of teaching medicinal chemistry in English, identified the pain points of this practice, such as limited and abstract teaching content and the limited teachers' level. Moreover, adhering to the concept of "student-centered and international-oriented" teaching, this study entailed an innovative practice research on teaching medicinal chemistry in English from the perspectives of teaching staff, teaching content, and teaching methods. It was revealed that, to improve the quality of teaching, this practice should focus on an innovative international teaching system based on the following four aspects: teaching team building, teaching methods, curriculum system, and teaching materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Memristor is an enabling device with non-volatile resistance, low power consumption, high durability, ease of integration, and CMOS compatibility. The stateful logic of memristors can realize the true fusion of computing and storage, and is complete in logic, which is expected to break the limitation of Von Neumann architecture and effectively alleviate the memory wall bottleneck. These excellent properties gain memristors great interest from academia and industry. In light of this, this paper summarizes the research progress of application-oriented computing storage fusion architecture based on stateful logic. Firstly, the implementation principle and improvement method of state logic are analyzed in detail. Secondly, the state logic design based on the memristor crossbar is reviewed, including the parallel implementation of the basic logics, copy operation and comparison operation, and then the design principle and implementation structure of the data storage structure based on the memristors are summarized. The paper then revisits an application-oriented computing storage fusion architecture in detail, and finally summarizes the problems in the research of this direction, and looks forward to the future direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the head and neck region. NPC has the characteristics of insidious onset, strong invasiveness and early lymph node metastasis. A variety of signaling pathways play a role in the invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, but the specific mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. Recent studies have found that DNA methylation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma-related genes can affect the invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma through a variety of signaling pathways including Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. This article reviews the specific mechanism of DNA methylation affecting the invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma through the above-mentioned signaling pathways.

Objective To analyze the correlation between diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neuropsychological tests in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), and to explore the damage mechanism of acute mTBI. Methods A total of 16 mTBI patients and 15 sex -, age - and education - matched healthy controls were scanned at 3.0T MRI, including T1WI, T2WI, T2 -FLAIR and DTI. Voxel-1414 based morphometry (VBM) was used to calculate fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Neuropsychological tests including Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) and Trait Anxiety Inventory (TAI) were performed. Spearman rank correlation analysis explored the correlation between FA, MD, ADC values and neuropsychological tests. Results Compared with control group, FA value was decreased in supplementary motor area (SMA) of right frontal lobe, and increased in precentral gyrus and supramarginal gyrus of right frontal lobe and right parietal lobe; MD value was increased in bilateral frontal lobes, parietal lobes and right cingulate gyrus; ADC value was increased in bilateral frontal lobes, right parietal lobe and insular lobe in mTBI group. SAI score in mTBI group was significantly higher than that in control group [20.50 (13.25, 29.75) score vs. 11 (8, 12) score; Z = - 3.493, P = 0.000), while BDI and TAI scores had no significant difference between 2 groups (P > 0.05, for all). Spearman rank correlation analysis showed there was no correlation between FA (rs = 0.369, P = 0.478), MD (rs = 0.295, P = 0.421) and ADC (rs = 0.401, P = 0.394) values of abnormal brain regions and SAI score. Conclusions DTI parameters and related neuropsychological changes of multiple brain regions exist in acute mTBI. This study suggest that DTI can serve as a potential biomarker of mTBI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the uninterruptible power supply in the power flow of the uneven distribution and raising and reducing capacity problems, based on the bidirectional Buck-Boost DC/DC converter on the traditional topology from begin to research, a new type of bidirectional DC/DC converter is put forward. By analyzing the circuit topology and working principle of the converter, two operating modes of power forward transmission and reverse transmission are introduced in detail, and the output voltage expressions corresponding to different modes are derived. Compared with the conventional bidirectional Buck-Boost type DC/DC converter, the new bidirectional DC/DC converter proposed in this paper has higher voltage gain, smaller power switching voltage stress, and more stable output voltage. Finally, the feasibility and advantages of the new topology are verified by theoretical analysis and experimental circuit.

Objective This study aims to explore the effect of practice on the triage and acuity scale in the emer⁃ gency department of Stomatological Hospital. Methods 150 emergency patients admitted to the emergency depart⁃ ment from April 2016 to July 2016 were randomly selected as the control group before the implementation of graded dis⁃ trict diagnosis and treatment, and 150 emergency patients admitted from August 2016 to November 2016 were selected as the observation group after the implementation of graded diagnosis and treatment. The control group was treated with the traditional nursing treatment mode, and the observation group adopted the triage and acuity scale mode. The efficien⁃ cy of treatment for the patients and the degree of satisfaction of the patients in terms of the nursing work was compared between the two groups (waiting time, checkup time, start treatment time). Results A comparison of the patients in the observation group and control group showed that the waiting time (min)(25.63 ± 8.75 vs. 35.57 ± 10.60, t = ⁃8.52, P < 0.001), the time of accepting examination (min)(24.80 ± 7.90 vs. 39.23 ± 12.42, t = ⁃12.01, P < 0.001) and the starting time of treatment（min） (28.67 ± 9.37 vs. 40.47 ± 10.86, t = ⁃10.08, P < 0.001) were significantly lower in the observa⁃ tion group than the control group (P < 0.05). The degree of satisfaction with the nursing work for the patients in the ob⁃ servation group (96.67%) was higher than that of the control group (85.33%), and this difference was statistically signifi⁃cant (χ2＝17.647, P＝0.001). Conclusion The application of a triage and acuity scale in the diagnosis and treatment of stomatological emergency patients according to the severity and urgency of disease can ensure the priority of treat⁃ ment in critically ill patients, the safe and efficient performance of emergency work, and improvements to the efficiency and quality of emergency medical services.

Objective To report 2 cases of reversible splenial lesion syndrome (RESLES) and to summarize some key points in diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Methods The pathogenesis, clinical presentations, neuroimaging features and outcomes of 2 cases with RESLES were retrospectively analyzed and related literature was reviewed- Results Two patients, including a 24-year-old female and an 18-year-old male, presented with sudden-onset neurologic symptoms, which became prominent after the initiation of an upper respiratory infection. Both patients were previously healthy and had no history of seizure, usage of antiepileptic drugs, or any type of vaccination during the last 2 years. Case 1 just presented with non-vertiginous dizziness. However, Case 2 presented symptoms such as dysphrenia, fever, rigidity, tremor, leukocytosis and creatine kinase (CK) elevation. Their clinical presentations were nonspecific, without evidence of callosal disconnection syndrome. They were treated with corticosteroids. Clinically, both patients were greatly improved after 14 and 21 days. Cranial MRI showed an isolated lesion centered in the splenium of the corpus callosum. The lesions were round-shaped without contrast enhancement, and disappeared after complete remission of the underlying disease. Conclusions To our knowledge and according to previous reports, RESLES is a distinct clinicoradiological syndrome of varied etiology. In addition to sudden withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs and infection, RESLES can be caused by neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). The outcome of the above mentioned cases supports the opinion that prognosis depends on the underlying disorder, but not on the presence or absence of the splenial lesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To investigate the changes of IL-27 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) before and after treatment with different methods for chronic periodontitis. METHODS: Sixty patients with moderate or severe chronic periodontitis were selected as study group to divide into group A (cross-quadrant) and group B (upper and lower half-mouth) randomly. Another 30 healthy people were selected as group C. Gingival crevicular fluid of group A and B were collected at baseline and each week during treatment. At the same time, the clinical parameters including PD, AL, BI and PLI were recorded. And the levels of IL-27 in GCF were measured by ELISA. SPSS 17.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The levels of IL-27 in GCF 2 and 3 weeks after treatment were higher in study group compared with those at baseline, while PD, AL, BI and PLI showed significant reduction. The changes except PLI in group A was more obvious than group B, which had a significant difference. After three-week treatment, IL-27 in group A had no remarkable difference compared with group C. There were significantly negative correlation between PD, AL, BI, PLI and IL-27. CONCLUSIONS: IL-27 in GCF can be considered as a potential target for prevention and treatment of chronic periodontitis. Compared with the upper and lower half-mouth subgingival scaling, cross-quadrant has more pronounced short-term effect. Supported by Special Research Foundation of Ph.D. Program in University (20112104110013) and Science and Technology Program of Liaoning Province (2012225015). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to working condition of mine-used power supply in coal mine underground, novel intrinsically safe power supply with 'ia' grade was designed. The power supply uses a fully enclosed AC-DC module to eliminate special flameproof enclosure, and has over-voltage protection circuit of dual redundancy and over-current protection circuit of three redundancy. The experimental results show there is no spark when the power supply load is short circuited under the conditions of no fault, one counting fault and two counting faults, which realizes intrinsic safety.

The flat-membrane silicon on insulator (SOI) high-temperature piezoresistive pressure sensitive silicon chip has been developed using MEMS (micro electro-mechanical system) technology. It was packaged on the borosilicate glass ring by electrostatic bonding process, thus the inverted-cup elastic-sensitive unit was produced. The influence of the alignment error between the silicon chip and glass ring on the nonlinearity of the pressure sensitive silicon chip was analyzed. The experiments were performed to verify the effect of the electrostatic bonding process on the temperature properties of the pressure sensitive silicon chip, and obtained the characteristics of the fabricated high-temperature pressure sensor. According to the theoretical and experimental results, the alignment error has a great impact on the nonlinearity of the silicon chip, while the electrostatic bonding process has less effect on the zero drifts and thermal zero drifts of the silicon chip. The fabricated high-temperature pressure sensor has fine performances to meet the requirements of engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic circles usually narrate functionalism without strictly classifying its internal structure, and they are ambiguous on the origin and change of Hsiao-tung Fei's functionalism. Meanwhile, it is generally accepted that Fei Xiao tong became a functionalism after he acknowledged Malinowski as his master and followed him all along. The paper classifies the different development stages of Hsiao-tung Fei's functionalism: the rudimentary stage of Hsiao-tung Fei's functionalism before he studied in Britain; influenced by Malinowski's functionalism greatly during his staying in Britain; he became a structural functionalism of Brown from functionalism of Malinowski after he returned home from abroad. The paper lays special emphasis on analyzing the last stage and concludes five causes bringing about the change which makes him accomplish The Institutions for Reproduction. Therefore, Fei Xiao tong completed the functionalism of Malinowski and transcended the structural functionalism of Brown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For problems of traditional boost converter including limited boost ability and high capacitor voltage stress, a boost DC-DC converter was proposed which used two quasi-Z-source networks in cascade. Working process of the converter was analyzed, and expressions of step-up ratio and capacitor voltage stress were derived. Compared with traditional Z-source boost converter, the quasi-Z-source converter can realize larger step-up ratio with small duty cycle, and has lower capacitor voltage stress under the same step-up ratio. The simulation and experimental results verify validity of the theoretical analysis.

For shortages of traditional Buck-Boost converters such as limited output voltage, poor stability, low voltage gain and so on, a novel bidirectional DC-DC converter was designed which used Z-source network to connect DC input power and load. Working process of the novel converter was analyzed during power forward transmission and power reversed transmission. The experimental results show that the novel converter not only realizes bidirectional power transmission, but also realizes voltage lifting and falling under power forward transmission mode or the reversed one. In addition, the novel converter has more stable output voltage and higher voltage gain than traditional Buck-Boost converter.

For incorrect operation of existing identification methods for UPS switching, an identification method for UPS rapid switching was designed by use of DSP technology. The method uses software lock mode, and adopts AC voltage amplitude and phase signals colleted and processed by DSP to measure power fail and voltage drop. When the measured value exceeds the setting one, USP would be switched. The experimental result shows the method can determine AC power fail and voltage drop, and achieve UPS switching in about 1 ms.

For problems that traditional chopping current protection circuit had small cut-off current value and poor anti load impact ability, and needed additional recovery circuit or manual circuit after over-current fault, a novel chopping current protection circuit for intrinsically safe power supply was designed. The circuit adopts double parallel control structure, so as to improve reliability. The circuit can chop circuit rapidly under condition of load over flowing, and put into operation fast after fault with adjusted input point. Meanwhile, the circuit has low power consumption part, so as to reduce power loss under condition of light load or no-load. The experimental results show that the circuit can recover automatically after over-current fault with low load effect and strong load capacity.

Computer security protection and the prevention of network leakage are the basic requirements for the troops under information condition, which are also an indispensable part for all levels of students under the condition of professional education when developing their comprehensive ability of computer. This paper studies this issue from the following aspects, such as designing teaching contents, improving teaching methods, implementation of teaching means, etc. The results of this study provid new ideas and methods for the project course Security Protection of Host Computer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Colorectal cancer has become the third most prevalent malignant tumor in Jiading district of Shanghai, and its disease burden is still increasing. Objective To analyze the epidemic trend of colorectal cancer in Jiading district of Shanghai from 2003 to 2019 and provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer. Methods Based on the cancer registration data from 2003 to 2019 in Jiading district of Shanghai, the statistical indicators such as crude incidence rate, crude mortality rate, standardized incidence rate and standardized mortality rate were calculated (the rate was standardized using the Chinese standard population of 2010). Joinpoint Regression Program 4.9.1.0 software was used to analyze the trends of incidence rate and mortality rate. Results From 2003 to 2019, there were 5 020 new cases of colorectal cancer in Jiading district of Shanghai, with a crude incidence rate of 52.12/100 000, a standardized incidence rate of 26.27/100 000; there were 2 419 deaths, with a crude mortality rate of 25.12/100 000, and a standardized mortality rate of 11.16/100 000; with males having higher crude incidence and crude mortality rates than females (P

Objective To explore the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone （SIADH） caused by sodium valproate （VPA）, aiming to improve the awareness of clinicians. Methods Clinical data of a patient with SIADH caused by long-term use of VPA were collected. Literature review was conducted by using the keywords of “VPA” and “SIADH” in both Chinese and English from PubMed and CNKI databases. Results The 62-year-old male patient presented with malaise, lower extremity edema, and hyponatremia as the main manifestations. He was administered with VPA for a long-time due to the secondary epilepsy. The diagnosis of SIADH caused by VPA was confirmed after excluding other possible causes of hyponatremia. After stopping VPA and adding tolvaptanka, serum sodium gradually returned to normal range. During follow-up, the patient’s symptoms were improved, and the serum sodium was normal. Through literature reviews, a total of 5 related case reports consisting of 8 patients were retrieved and 6 of them were middle-aged and elderly patients. Symptoms of all patients were improved after gradually discontinuing use of VPA. Conclusions The cases of SIADH caused by use of VPA have been rarely reported in clinical practice, which are likely to be missed diagnosis or misdiagnosed. This case prompts that when SIADH is considered in the diagnosis of refractory hyponatremia, attention should be paid to the possibility that SIADH may be caused by use of VPA. Hence, the treatment plan should be timely adjusted to mitigate symptoms and enhance prognosis of patients.

Objective To analyze the correlation between diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neuropsychological tests in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), and to explore the damage mechanism of acute mTBI. Methods A total of 16 mTBI patients and 15 sex-, age- and education-matched healthy controls were scanned at 3.0T MRI, including T1WI, T2WI, T2-FLAIR and DTI. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to calculate fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Neuropsychological tests including Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) and Trait Anxiety Inventory (TAI) were performed. Spearman rank correlation analysis explored the correlation between FA, MD, ADC values and neuropsychological tests. Results Compared with control group, FA value was decreased in supplementary motor area (SMA) of right frontal lobe, and increased in precentral gyrus and supramarginal gyrus of right frontal lobe and right parietal lobe; MD value was increased in bilateral frontal lobes, parietal lobes and right cingulate gyrus; ADC value was increased in bilateral frontal lobes, right parietal lobe and insular lobe in mTBI group. SAI score in mTBI group was significantly higher than that in control group [20.50 (13.25, 29.75) score vs. 11 (8, 12) score; Z = -3.493, P = 0.000), while BDI and TAI scores had no significant difference between 2 groups (P > 0.05, for all). Spearman rank correlation analysis showed there was no correlation between FA (rs = 0.369, P = 0.478), MD (rs = 0.295, P = 0.421) and ADC (rs = 0.401, P = 0.394) values of abnormal brain regions and SAI score. Conclusions DTI parameters and related neuropsychological changes of multiple brain regions exist in acute mTBI. This study suggest that DTI can serve as a potential biomarker of mTBI. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2018.04.005

Genus Veratrum plants contain a diversity of steroidal alkaloids, so far at least 184 steroidal alkaloids attributed to cevanine type(A-1～A-69), veratramine type(B-1～B-21), jervanine type(C-1～C-31), solanidine type(D-1～D-10) and verazine type(E-1～E-53), respectively, have been isolated and identified in the genus Veratrum. Their pharmacological activities mainly focused on decreasing blood pressure, anti-platelet aggregation and anti-thrombosis, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, and antitumor effect. This paper classified and summarized the 184 kind of steroidal alkaloids from the Veratrum plants and their major pharmalogical activities in order to provide the scientific basis for the further development and utilization of active alkaloids.

The medicinal parts of Hovenia include the branches, leaves, seeds and fruits with inflorescence axis. This plant has been used with a long history as traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of alcoholism and liver protection. Modern pharmacological research shows that the crude extracts or pure compounds from Hovenia have anti-alcoholism, hepatoprotective, anti-hyperuricemia, anti-viral and anti-tumor activities, etc. Previous phytochemical studies have indicated that flavonoids, triterpenoid saponins, phenylpropanoids and polysaccharides are the major constituents in this plant. In this paper, we systematically summarized and analyzed the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Hovenia, providing the scientific evidences for the rational use and comprehensive development of Hovenia.

Objective: To explore the spatial-temporal clustering distribution of schistosomiasis transmission risk in Yunnan Province from 2004 to 2015, so as to provide scientific evidence for the future schistosomiasis control and consolidation of the control achievements., Methods: All data pertaining to endemic situation of human and bovine schistosomiasis and snail survey at a township level in Yunnan Province from 2004 to 2015 were collected. A descriptive epidemiological method and Joinpoint model were used to describe the changing trends of Schistosoma japonicum infections in humans, bovine and snails, and the hotspots and clusters of schistosomiasis transmission risk were identified using spatial autocorrelation analysis, hotspots analysis and retrospective space-time scan statistic in Yunnan Province from 2004 to 2015., Results: The prevalence of S. japonicum infections appeared a continuous decline in humans, bovine and snails in Yunnan Province from 2004 to 2015, and the estimated number of schistosomiasis cases reduced from 43 056 in 2004 to 756 in 2015, with a decline rate of 98.24%. There were no acute cases since 2008 and no infected snails since 2014 in Yunnan Province. There were significant differences in the changing trends of human and bovine S. japonicum infections in Yunnan Province between 2012 and 2015 and between 2013 and 2015, respectively using the Joinpoint model ( P < 0.05). In addition, there was a spatial autocorrelation in human S. japonicum infections in Yunnan Province from 2004 to 2013 ( P < 0.01), and the hotspots areas for human S. japonicum infections were mainly distributed in some townships from Dali City, Weishan County and Eryuan County. Retrospective spatial-temporal scanning revealed that S. japonicum human, bovine and snail infections were clustered in 23, 15, 4 townships from Dali City, Weishan County, Eryuan County, Nanjian County and Heqing County, respectively, with relative risks of 6.25 to 28.75 ( P < 0.01), which was almost consistent with the cluster areas detected by hotspots analysis., Conclusions: The endemic situation of schistosomiasis significantly reduced in Yunnan Province from 2004 to 2015; however, there is still a risk of schistosomiasis transmission. The monitoring and control of schistosomiasis should be intensified in the future in Yunnan Province.

Sulfur-containing Anemarrhenae Rhizoma decoction pieces were prepared by using sulfur-fumigating procedure. The difference components before and after sulfur fumigation in Anemarrhenae Rhizoma were analyzed and on-line identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE combined with UNIFI informatics platform, principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) respectively. As a result, 16 major differences components were identified, and among them, 9 components were mainly from sulfur-fumigated samples. The main chemical markers in sulfur-fumigated Anemarrhenae Rhizoma were identified as the sulfite derivatives newly produced after sulfur-fumigating. Meanwhile, UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE was used to find the main chemical marker anemarrhena saponin BⅡ sulfite (m/z 983). By using this method, a rapid screening method for sulfur-fumigated Anemarrhenae Rhizoma was established. This was a convenient and accurate detection method for sulfur dioxide residue, and it can be used as an effective assistant method to control the quality of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma. At the same time, it was the first time to identify sulfited derivatives of steroidal saponins, and screen the sulfur-fumigated Anemarrhenae Rhizoma., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Leshan City, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the strategy and measures for consolidating the achievements of malaria elimination., Methods: The data of epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Leshan City from 1950 to 2015 were collected and analyzed with the descriptive epidemiology method., Results: There were four larger scale epidemics of malaria in Leshan City from 1950 to 2015. The order of malaria in infectious diseases dropped from the first to the twentieth. The peak season for malaria epidemics ceased. The Plasmodium species, patient age, occupation and sex distribution of malaria were different in the different periods. In November 2016, the whole city achieved the national standard for malaria elimination., Conclusions: After years of prevention and control, the epidemiological characteristics of malaria have changed significantly in Leshan City, and the effect of anti-malarial measures is significant. In the future, we should strengthen the monitoring, and prevention and control of imported malaria.

Purpose: To investigate the role of IL-23 in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, and the influence of porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) on periodontal tissue and the expression level of IL-23., Methods: The gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected in 10 periodontally healthy individuals, 14 cases with gingivitis, 14 cases with gingivitis and PFM, and 14 cases with periodontitis and PFM. The teeth were detected and recorded the clinical parameters（GI, SBI, AL, PD）by Florida probe. The concentration of IL-23 in GCF was detected by ELISA assays.SPSS13.0 software package was used for statistical analysis., Results: The expression of IL-23 in GCF of normal group (227.047±29.880) pg/mL was below inflammatory groups. A significant overexpression of IL-23 in GCF was detected in periodontitis with PFM group(511.327±138.846) pg/mL compared to gingivitis group (330.353±196.266) pg/mL (P<0.01) and gingivitis with PFM group (347.359±218.260) pg/mL (P<0.05). The expression level of IL-23 in GCF was positively correlated with clinical parameters (GI, SBI, AL, PD) (r>0.4, P<0.05). There was a high degree of periodontal destruction in gingivitis with PFM group compared to gingivitis group, and significant difference existed in AL (P<0.05) and PD (P<0.01). The change of IL-23 expression was most positively correlated with PD (r>0.5, P<0.01)., Conclusions: IL-23 might play an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. PFM could have influence on the destruction of periodontal tissues and the expression level of IL-23.

Objective: To investigate the effect of Am80 on innate immune response of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) W83-induced periodontitis in mice., Methods: Twenty-five mice were randomly divided into five groups, control group, PgW83-induced periodontitis group (periodontitis), Am80 (10 µg/d) treatment group (low-dose group), Am80 (50 µg/d) treatment group (middle-dose group), Am80 (100 µg/d) treatment group (high-dose group). The distance of alveolar bone resorption in each mouse was observed and measured by a dissecting microscope. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the level of serum anti-Pg specific IgG. The mRNA expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleuking-12 (IL-12) in gingival tissues, draining lymph node and spleen were detected by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The measurement data were statistically analyzed., Results: The resorption rate in Am80 group [(121 ± 10)%] and high-dose of Am80 group [(108 ± 8)%] was significantly different with that in periodontitis mice [(133 ± 10)% ] (P < 0.05). The serum levels of anti-Pg specific IgG of the Am80 groups of different doses (0.437 ± 0.083, 0.566 ± 0.012, and 0.386 ± 0.078) were significantly lower than that of the periodontitis group (1.151 ± 0.433) (P < 0.001). Real-time quantitative PCR assay showed that after Am80 treatment, the IL-12 mRNA levels in the gingival tissues, lymph nodes and spleen of mice were reduced to 1.107 ± 0.088, 0.806 ± 0.220, and 0.668 ± 0.756, which were all significantly different with those in periodontitis (P < 0.01). Similarly, the relative expression of IFN-γ mRNA levels in gingival tissue, lymph nodes and spleen of mice were reduced to 8.898 ± 0.427, 16.654 ± 5.995, and 1.482 ± 0.033, which were significantly different with periodontitis (P < 0.001)., Conclusions: Am80 can reduce the extent of inflammation and alleviate alveolar bone resorption by modulating innate immune response.

Penicillium decumbens T. is an important filamentous fungus for the production of cellulases to effectively degrade lignocellulose for second generation biofuel production. In order to enhance the capability of Penicillium decumbens to produce cellulases, we constructed a creB (a deubiquitinating enzyme encoding gene) deletion cassette, and generated a creB knockout strain with homologous double crossover recombination. This mutation resulted in a detectable decrease of carbon catabolite repression (CCR) effect. The filter paper activity, endoglucanase activity, xylanase activity and exoglucanase activity of the deltacreB strain increased by 1.8, 1.71, 2.06 and 2.04 fold, respectively, when comparing with the parent strain Ku-39. A 2.68 fold increase of extracellular protein concentration was also observed. These results suggest that the deletion of creB results in CCR derepression. These data also suggest that CREB influences cellulase production of Penicillium decumbens. In generation, this study provides information that can be helpful for constructing cellulase hyper-producing strain.

The finite element model of the intact lumbar spine (L1-L5) was set up to study the biomechanical changes of three different pairs of the lumbar laminectomy. The three-dimensional finite elements model of L1-L5 vertebrae structure was constructed by the combination of self-compiled software and Hyper Mesh. The finite element model was compared with the experimental data in vitro. The finite element model was modified of stenosis at L3-L4 and L4-L5 with the same boundary conditions and physical loads to study the motion and loading in the annulus changes at the surgical site as a result of surgical alteration. The study suggested that the removal of posterior lumbar spinal elements for the treatment of stenosis at L3-L4 and L4-L5 produced a graded increase in motion at the surgical site, with the greatest changes occurring in flexion-extension and axial rotation and that during lateral bending the amount of resection was only slightly affected. The data showed that for flexion-extension and axial rotation the increases in motion were correlated to the extent of posterior element removal. It is necessary to retain the greatest degree of posterior lumbar structures in thorough decompression, which can further reduce the postoperative intervertebral disc, facet degeneration.

This paper is to show a way of acqusition of the variable region gene of rabbit osteoprotegerin (OPG) and to analyse series. Total RNA was extracted from rabbit tibia, transcripted reversely into cDNA with random primers. The variable region of the OPG gene ampliflied using 5'RACE. Sequencing was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis and sequencing analysis. Full length of OPG gene was 1540bp that encoding 400 amino acids. It shared 89% identity with human OPG in whole amino acid sequence and about 85% with rattus norvegicus and other mammal. The OPG sequence of rabbit was obtained by 5'RACE, which could provide a good basis for OPG functional study.

Objective: To explore the effect of low frequency vibration (LFV)on the osteogenic differentiation regulating capability of bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC)and the expressions of OPG (osteoprotegerin) mRNA and RANKL (nuclear factor kappa B ligand) mRNA through living animal experiment., Methods: Both BMSC transplantation and low-frequency vibration were employed to treat bone defects. The groups were randomized into non-vibration and vibration of different frequencies. The vibration group received vibrating interventions at Day 7 for 5 weeks. After vibrations, the BMSC OPG and RANKL mRNA of different frequency groups were detected., Results: The BMSC OPG and RANKL gene expressions significantly increased (P < 0.05), especially at 25 Hz (P < 0.01). And for the vibration group at 100 Hz, the BMSC OPG and RANKL gene expressions decreased (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Low-frequency vibration may promote the osteogenic differentiation capability of BMSC probably through regulating the OPG/RANKL mRNA expression, directly promoting bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption.

Objective: To analyze locking plates with bone graft fusion in treating displaced intraarticular calcaneal fractures and determine whether it is beneficial in maintaining restoration of calcaneal height and anatomic reduction of the articular surface., Methods: From January 2007 to January 2008, 22 patients with displaced intraarticular calcaneal fractures were treated with locking plates with and without bone graft (divided into the bone graft group and non-bone graft group). There were 17 males and 5 females, ranging in age from 18 to 59 years with the mean of 35 years. Sanders III was in 14 cases and Sanders IV in 8 cases. Autologous iliac bone filled defects with locking plates fixation for the bone graft group; just locking plates fixation were performed for non-bone graft group. The Böhler angle and Gissane angle were measured before and after operation. The foot function of two groups were compared according to Maryland standard at the 6th month, 1, 2 years after operation., Results: All patients were followed up with an average of 25 months. There was no significant difference in the recovery of Böhler angle and Gissane angle between two groups (P > 0.05). After the 6 months,1, 2 years, there was no significant difference in the foot function between two groups (P > 0.05), in bone graft group, excellent result was in 6, 7 ,7 cases respectively; and in non-bone graft group, excellent results in 5, 6, 7 cases respectively., Conclusion: Bone graft in the surgical treatment of calcaneal fractures is not an advantage.

Biofuels and bio-based chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass are sustainable, making them alternatives to petroleum-derived fuels and chemicals to address the challenges of the shortage of crude oil supply and climate change resulted from the overconsumption of petroleum-based products, particularly in China. However, high cost in liberating sugars from lignocellulosic biomass is still the bottleneck of the commercialization of biofuels and bio-based chemicals. In this article, the major components of cellulases and their synergistic role in the hydrolysis of pre-treated biomass is reviewed, followed by how to evaluate the enzymatic hydrolysis. With the elucidation of the underlying mechanism of the conformations of the enzyme molecules and their effectiveness in attacking cellulose substrate, more efficient enzymes are expected to be developed. Using the high production strain Penicillium decumbens, the on-site production of cellulases for cellulose ethanol production is discussed.

Cucumber bacteria wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is one of soilborne plant diseases of worldwide origin. Biological control is considered the most environment-safe and efficacious approaches to control this disease. In this study, a total of 469 entophytic bacteria were isolated from cucumber plant roots at different growth stages and 59 of these isolates were shown antagonistic against Ralstonia solanacearum. An analysis of the level of biodiversity of the isolates at the species level was performed by comparing the Alu I restriction patterns of the 16S ribosomal DNAs (rDNAs) amplified by PCR from 59 isolates. This comparison was allowed to cluster the isolates into 5 operational taxonomic units (OTU), which were dominated by OTU1 group accounting for 39 isolates. This dominant OTU1 group was further investigated by a genomic fingerprinting technique, ERIC-PCR. The results indicated that there were 12 different ERIC-PCR types present among OTU1 groups. Isolates HE-1 and HE-2, which belonged to OTU1 and originated from all plant growth stages, were used to test the effect of biocontrol on the cucumber wilt caused be Ralstonia solanacearum. Results showed that while the growth of seedlings was promoted, the disease was suppressed too. As these strains are the same genotype, it can be hypothesized that if they were included in an inoculum, they would efficiently colonize the cucumber and protect the plant in whole growing season. Thus, the strains described here could be used in future screening programs for target biocontrol agents. The results of this study have practical importance in the context of using biocontrol agents to protect plants against rhizosphere pathogens.

Food allergy is a public sanitary problem which has received attention worldwide. It is becoming an increasingly interesting problem to decrease the concentration of allergens for improvement of the food security. Soybean allergens in seeds are composing of storage proteins, structure proteins, and disease-related proteins. Among them, Gly m Bd 28K, Gly m Bd 30K and Gly m Bd 60K are the major allergens located in 7S conglycinin fragments. By recognizing allergens' physicochemical property, hypersensitivity and gene structure, certain progresses had been made to reduce the concentration of allergens in soybean through food processing, traditional breeding and genetic engineering. The paper reviewed the sorts and characters of soybean allergens, the physicochemical property of the three immunodominant allergens and their gene structures. Progress in developing hypoallergenic cultivars was also discussed.

Objective: To study the characteristics of the SiO2/R2O3 in non-zonal purple soil in the light of the difference between the high yield and low yield of Salvia miltiorrhiza., Method: Both the high yield and low yield drugs developed from the same parental material (k1cy) were chosen in the ecology area in Zhongjiang county, Sichuan Province. By using the air-dried drugs as sample, quadrat sampling method was used to calculat the production. Gravimetric method, volumetric method, and colorimetric method and neutralization titration were used to measure the content of adhesive particle colloids element in the soil. And T-test was used for the variable-difference analysis., Result: There was a sharp contrast between the production of high yield and low yield drugs (P < 0.001). The characteristic value of the high yield soil embryology was much higher than that of the low yield soil., Conclusion: The characteristic value of the purple soil embryology is one of the important factors of the soil adaptability of the drug and its quality. The weathering degree of the soil is closely related to the yield of the drug.

The cellular ultrastructural morphology, grain filling ratio and activity of related enzymes during denucleation development stage in starchy endosperm cell of an Indica rice variety Zhongxian 8836 were observed and analyzed. The endosperm cellularization was completed at about the 3rd day after flowering (DAF). At 5 DAF a few endosperm cells initiated denucleation development. At 13 DAF almost all the starchy endosperm cells completed their denucleation. The nuclear degradation is the first stage of programmed cell death (PCD) in starchy endosperm. It occurred unsynchronously among different starchy endosperm cells. The nuclear degradation of starchy endosperm cell during denucleation development stage showed not only morphological features commonly observed in animal and plant PCD, but also some unique characteristics. Mitochondria degeneration was observed along with nuclear degradation, indicating there were interrelations between the two processes. Enzymes related to PCD, such as super-oxide dismutases (SOD) and catalase (CAT), as well as enzymes related to starch synthesis, such as ADP-glucose pyriphosphorylase (AGP), soluble starch synthase (SSS) and starch branching enzyme or Q-enzyme, showed very high activity during the denucleation development stage. Maximum grain filling rate and grain weight increase were also achieved in the denucleation developing stage of most starch endosperm cells. The denucleated cell remained alive in the developing endosperm, keeping its normal metabolisms, the synthesis and accumulation of starch and storage proteins. However, enzyme activities and grain filling rate were apparently dropped to a lower level after denucleation. The starchy endosperm cell finally completed its PCD process when it was completely filled with reserves. Evan's blue staining indicated that cell death occurred unsynchronously among the starchy endosperm cells with initiation points randomly distributed in the endosperm tissue.