Search

Significane The analysis of source-to-sink system is a comprehensive study of tectonic geology, sedimentology, and sequence stratigraphy. Because of its integral, dynamic, and semiquantitative-quantitative characteristics, it has attracted widespread attention. Progress This review first introduces the key issues of the deep-time source-to-sink systems (pre-Quaternary systems), which include the quantitative characterization of sediment mass balance and the control of the transport process on the sediment. Due to the lack of stratigraphic records and the difficulty in obtaining parameters, the research is still challenging.Second, it reviews the quantitation methods of deep-time source-to-sink systems that can be classified into three categories, namely, geochronology, uniformitarianism, and sedimentology. By obtaining information such as geomorphological parameters, hydraulic parameters, erosion rates, and sediment flux, various methods establish the quantitative relationships between "sources" and "sinks" and then rebuild the sedimentary basin infilling history. This article introduces the principles and related parameters of different methods and then compares the advantages and limitations to provide a reference for future research. It is believed that geochronology is widely used, and the core lies in provenance analysis. The key to uniformitarianism is the analogy of geological background and the selection of geological parameters. The sedimentology is controlled by multiple variables, and the tectonic-climate background and research scale need to be considered comprehensively. Conclusions and Prospects Finally, this review states the development of quantitative analysis of deep-time source-to-sink systems. Under the guidance of the important idea of "the present is the key to the past", the research needs to focus on the provenance systems, sediment routing systems, sediment dispersal, and redistributive process, and coupling relationship between various parameters. Research also needs to pay attention to quantitative analysis at multiple timescales and multidisciplinary dynamic analysis. Compared with continental margin source-to-sink systems, continental lacustrine source-to-sink system patterns and prediction models need to be further improved.

This is an essay in the field of mining engineering. The crystal characteristics of spodumene are the endogenous factors that determine the floatability. The collector is an exogenous factor that determines floatability of spodumene. In the flotation process, the common metal ions have an important influence on the performance of spodumene collector. In this essay, the factors affecting the flotation behavior of spodumene are introduced and summarized from the crystal characteristics of spodumene and the effect of external metal ions on the common spodumene collector in industrial production. Firstly, the surface crystal characteristics of spodumene are summarized, and the effect of the active site of spodumene surface crystal on flotation behavior is summarized. Secondly, the effects of common metal ions on the properties of oleic acid, hydroxamic acid, amine and anion-cation complex collectors commonly used in industrial production are summarized. Studies have shown that Ca2+, Fe3+ and Mg2+ can improve the performance of oleic acid collectors. Pb2+ can improve the performance of hydroxamic acid collectors. Ca2+ can improve the performance of amine collectors. The effect of amine collector and spodumene can be inhibited by an iron ball milling medium. This study has theoretical and practical significance for improving the separation efficiency of spodumene and using spodumene collector efficiently.

Narcolepsy is a rare sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), cataplexy, sleep hallucination and sleep paralysis, and the vast majority of patients are accompanied by anxiety. There are neuronal interconnections and projections between the neural circuits of narcolepsy and anxiety, which may share common pathophysiology mechanisms, and some medications used clinically to treat cataplexy in narcolepsy may also improve anxiety. In this study, we propose to review the epidemiologic research, pathogenesis and therapeutic advances in narcolepsy with anxiety, with the aim of increasing the diagnosis and treatment of narcolepsy with anxiety and improving the prognosis of narcolepsy with anxiety patients.

Alternaria alternata (A.alternata) is a major pathogenic fungus that causes black mold disease in pears, goji berries, and other crops. In this study, we investigated the inactivation mechanism and kinetics of A.alternata by using contact glow discharge plasma (CGDP). First, the optimal sterilization process and conditions were determined by examining the effects of exposure time, electrolytes, and voltage on the fungicidal rate. Second, the sterilization mechanism of A.alternata by CGDP was studied by evaluating cell membrane integrity and leakage of spore nucleic acids and proteins, and an inactivation kinetic model was constructed. These results showed that CGDP had a significant sterilization effect on A.alternata.. The sterilization rate increased with increasing voltage and treatment duration. Leakage of spore nucleic acids and proteins gradually increased with increasing treatment time. Propidium iodide and Fluorescein diacetate staining, as well as scanning electron microscopy indicated that the effect of CGDP on A.alternata was due to the disruption of its morphology and cell membrane integrity. Spore inactivation kinetics were consistent with dose-response modeling, and the results provide an important theoretical basis for further studies on the bactericidal mechanism of A.alternata.

Significance Groundwater flow paths may cross the surface divide at the regional scale, resulting in interbasin groundwater circulation that affects hydrological relationships and solute transport process between basins. However, research on interbasin groundwater circulation is still in its infancy internationally, and the progress achieved is a matter of concern. Progress This study systematically tracks and analyses the literature on interbasin groundwater circulation at home and abroad in the past 20 years and summarizes the existing research progress from three perspectives: formation mechanism, identification methods, and impact assessment. In terms of the hydrodynamic formation mechanism, the study theoretically determines the deviation characteristics between the surface divide, the highest point of the water table and the divide point of groundwater flow systems. Based on the deviation characteristics, multiple interbasin groundwater circulation paths can be separated between rivers.In terms of identifying the interbasin groundwater circulation, a series of real basin cases provide available methods, including the water balance method, basin-scale hydrological model and hydrogeochemical end element mixed model. The methods identify the existence of interbasin groundwater circulation and even evaluate the circulation fluxes, which can improve the recognition of the water balance in the basin. It is also found that the location, size, climate and geological conditions of the basin affect the occurrence and flux of interbasin groundwater circulation.In terms of impact assessment, it is preliminarily found that the interbasin groundwater circulation has an important impact on the assessments of climate sensitivity, state parameters of the Budyko framework and carbon source/sink in the basin. Ignoring its role may lead to obviously incorrect conclusions. Conclusions and Prospects At present, research on the dynamic process and material transport effect of interbasin groundwater circulation is relatively weak. Accurate and quantitative evaluation methods are also lacking. The focuses of future research are to reveal the circulation paths of interbasin groundwater in three-dimensional aquifer space and accurately assess the various impacts of interbasin groundwater circulation.

More and more attention has been paid to the sedimentary forward modeling (SFM) since the study on the sedimentology is targeted toward quantification, process orientation and systematization. This review first stated the main input and output data of the current sedimentary forward modeling and sorted out the determination methods of the input parameters. Then it reviewed the classification methods of the sedimentary forward modeling, and the classification principles included principle of simulation, number of simulation processes, types of simulation results, simulation dimension, simulation scale, data fidelity and source region covering source-sink system. Subsequently, it introduced the sedimentary forward modeling methods for the different sedimentary systems of clastic series, including hillside landform, river and deep-draft waterway, delta, lobe and landslide. It also described some classic simulation programs for the individual series, indicated the sedimentary characteristics of this series to be essentially simulated and their corresponding principles of simulation and covered multiple simulation methods as much as possible to expand the understanding of the sedimentary forward modeling. Finally, it looked into the development of the sedimentary forward modeling believed it would be targeted toward the three-dimension visualization, multi-process integration and multi-discipline integration, proposed to strengthen the training of compound talents in computer, mathematics, mechanics and geosciences; strengthened the experimental study on the sedimentary forward modeling hypothesis to study the sedimentation theory; tried multiple simulation methods and shifted the application foremost to the research and development foremost.

The effects of load, speed and slip angle on the abrasion and surface temperature of natural rubber composites were investigated using LAT 100 laboratory abrasion tester, and the relationships between energy loss and abrasion, side force and wear surface morphology during the abrasion were established. The results showed that the abrasion and surface temperature of natural rubber composites increased with the increase in load, speed and slip angle. The slip angle had the greatest effect on the abrasion and surface temperature of natural rubber composites, the speed had the least effect on the abrasion of natural rubber composites, and the load had the minimal effect on the surface temperature of natural rubber composites. The effect of friction force on abrasion was much smaller than that of side force, the abrasion of natural rubber composites had an exponential relationship with the energy loss during the wear process, and the exponent was about 2. The abrasion was the severest in the slip region of natural rubber composites, and the area of the slip region was determined by the distribution of side force in the contact area.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive involvement of upper motor neuron (UMN) and lower motor neuron (LMN). With the rapid development of sequencing technique, genetic screening of ALS improved from a single locus site sequencing to whole exome sequencing (WES) or whole genome sequencing (WGS), more and more pathogenic genes affecting the occurrence and development of diseases have been discovered. At present, the pathophysiological mechanisms of ALS mainly include abnormal protein aggregation, abnormal DNA or RNA function, changes in cytoskeleton and axon dynamics, autophagy process, lysosome dysfunction, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Exploring the genetic mechanism of ALS has great significance to elucidate its pathophysiological mechanism. This paper reviews the main pathogenic genes, genetic research methods and related pathogenic mechanisms of ALS, reveals the pathogenesis and development of the disease and related pathophysiological mechanisms, and provides new strategies for the treatment of ALS.

The hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in precipitation have the altitude effect, and they participate in the groundwater circulation after the infiltration of precipitation. How does the altitude effect of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in precipitation transform to the depth effect of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in groundwater under the influence of groundwater flow systems? The existing research lacks quantification for this problem. In this study, the steady-state groundwater flow theoretical models represented by unidirectional inclined basin and bimodal wavy basin are constructed. The MODFLOW and MT3DMS programs are used to simulate the two-dimensional groundwater flow field in the profile and the convection-dispersion process of heavy isotope molecules to obtain the spatial distribution of D and 18O values in groundwater and discuss the mechanism of altitude effect of the hydrogen and oxygen isotopes transforming to depth effect in the groundwater flow systems. The results indicate that in the monoclinal basin, the altitude effect of D and 18O content in precipitation in the recharge area is transformed to the depth effect of δD and δ18O values in groundwater through the regional groundwater flow system which exponentially decreases with the increasing water table depth in the drainage area. In the bimodal wavy basin, when the permeability of the aquifer is relatively larger than the infiltration intensity (K0/w=1000), only one regional groundwater flow system develops, and the distribution of δD and δ18O presents a S-shaped curve with the increasing water table depth in the discharge area of regional groundwater. When the permeability of the aquifer is relatively smaller than the infiltration intensity (K0/w=250), multiple local groundwater flow systems develop in the bimodal wavy basin. The δD and δ18O indicate an S-shaped curve with the increasing water table depth in the discharge area of regional groundwater, while in the discharge area of local groundwater, they show a monotonic attenuation trend with the increasing water table depth. This study theoretically advances the understanding of the influence mechanism of groundwater flow systems on solute transport, and reveals the indicative role of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in groundwater flow systems.

In order to promote the germination of Lycium barbarum seeds, the Lycium barbarum seeds were treated by contact glow discharge plasma (CGDP), the effects of CGDP on germination were explored under different treatment time, voltages, and electrolyte conditions. The seed treatment process was optimized by response surface optimization design based on seed germination rate and vigor indexes. The effects of CGDP on the structure and properties of the seed coat were preliminarily studied through the detecting changes in the morphology and the contact angle of the seed coat. The results showed that the optimized conditions for seed treatment were 15 min, voltage 550 V, Na2SO4 electrolyte, and the highest seed germination rate was 95.56%. After treatment, the seed coat becomes flat, the texture is blurred, and the hydrophilicity of the seeds is enhanced; the chlorophyll content in the leaves of seedlings increases. Therefore, glow discharge plasma treatment can promote the germination and growth of Lycium barbarum seeds.

In order to find out the optimum harvest time of Polygala fallax, the study analyzed the root morphology, biomass, medicinal components, nutritional components and mineral elements of P. fallax roots during the 1-5 cultivating years by national standards and other methods. The results were as follows: (1) The morphology and biomass of P. fallax roots increased slowly during the first two cultivating years, and increased rapidly during the 2-3 cultivating years, however the parameters tended to be flat during the 3-5 cultivating years. (2) The contents of different medicinal ingredients varied significantly within the cultivating years, crude polysaccharides reached to the peak in the first year, total saponins reached to the peak in the second year, and total flavonoids reached to the peak in the fourth year. (3) The mineral elements showed various behavior among cultivating years, the contents of Ca, Mg, Mn and Cu accumulated to the maximum in the third year, the content of Fe decreased with increasing cultivating years, and the content of Pb increased with increasing cultivating years. (4) Crude protein content increased first and then decreased, and the same change trends were observed in the contents of total ash and crude fat, both of which decreased as cultivating years increasing. (5) P. fallax reached a high yield in the third cultivating year, and most of the quality indicators in the roots of 4-5 year at the lowest value, and the third year was the ideal harvest period for P. fallax, which provided technical guidance for high-yield and good quality of P. fallax. The results of the study elucidate the dynamics accumulation of P. fallax during different cultivating years and reveal the optimum harvest time of P. fallax.

Patulin is the most common mycotoxins present in apple juice, and is very harmful to consumer health and economic development. Herein, we investigated the degradation of patulin and promotion of flavor component in apple juice by glow discharge plasma (GDP). The results showed that when the DC voltage was 550 V and the current range was 10-90 mA, the degradation rate of Patulin in apple juice reached 92.89% after treatment by glow discharge plasma for 15 min. After 30 min of GDP treatment, no significant change in the soluble solids and phenols of apple juice was observed, while the electrical conductivity, redox potential, and the color value of apple juice increased, with a slight decrease in pH. After 20 min of GDP treatment, 38 compounds were detected in apple juice by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS), including 8 esters, 7 alcohols, 20 aldehydes and ketones, and 3 others. Two new components ,viz. acetophenone and 6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undeundene-2-one were detected compared with the control; both are sweet and fragrant essential oils, which could make the apple juice taste more delicious. The results of this study can provide the basis for applying GDP in the degradation of patulin and promotion of flavor components in apple juice.

Condensation water can accelerate weathering of stone relics. Previous methods for detecting condensation water in grottoes have some shortcomings, such as the complex equipment layout and limited monitoring range, and are unable to reflect the real-time condensation state, which restrict the effective prevention and control of condensation water in grottoes. In this paper, the infrared thermal imaging technology, which can be used to obtain continuous and large-scale observation of temperature on the wall of grottoes, and the microwave moisture measurement technology, which can be used to obtain rock moisture inside the wall, are both used to study the formation mechanism of condensation water. During the occurrence of a rainfall event, a wall in cave 19 of the Yungang Grottoes was monitored by the infrared thermal imaging for 100 hours. This set of data reveals the diurnal variation pattern of temperature before and during the rainfall event, and two periods beneficial for the formation of condensation water were identified by comparing with the air dew point temperature. The two periods are the condensation period before cooling which starts from 16 hours before rainfall to a sudden drop of temperature during rainfall and the condensation period after cooling which starts from the sudden drop of temperature to 12 hours after the end of rainfall. At the same time, the dynamic monitoring of the shallow rock moisture content for 56 hours was carried out with a microwave moisture meter. Although condensation water cannot be directly observed on the wall, the microwave moisture meter shows that water content in the rock increases, indicating that water has been preferentially condensed inside the rock. It is also found that the sudden drop of air temperature (from 18.5 °C to 15.6 °C in 1 hour) during the process of rainfall causes the condensation of water vapor in atmosphere, which causes a significant decline in the dew point temperature, and the condition of condensation water formation is not fulfilled. This phenomenon is of important guiding significance for the prevention and control of condensation water.

As an essential part of hydrological cycle, groundwater circulation is a process including groundwater recharge, flow and discharge, which has been the primary research topic in hydrogeology.The spatial patterns of groundwater circulation are composed of different structure elements.There are two partitioning methods: the media structure determined from aquifer properties and the dynamic patterns determined according to the seepage field.A groundwater flow system (GFS) roles as a groundwater circulation cell within the concept of the dynamic patterns.In the last decade, significant advances have been achieved in the theory of GFSs, revealing groundwater circulation patterns in more comprehensive and deep ways.Studies on GFSs between parallel streams discovered that the top of water table is not the accurate position of groundwater divide.At the basin scale, the integrated impacts of the vale landform, precipitation infiltration rate, depth dependent permeability and basin thickness on the undulating shape of water table and groundwater circulation patterns were systematically investigated, with preliminary discovery on the evolution characteristics of dynamic patterns in periodicity and tendencies.Partitioning methods for three dimensional groundwater circulation cells were developed, according to fine-grained identification of paths or statistic analysis on residence times along a huge number of streamlines.For the hydrogeological effect, it has been found that the groundwater circulation patterns significantly influence the distribution of groundwater age.As an indication of hydraulic connection between recharge and discharge zones, groundwater circulation patterns play a key role in the geochemical processes at the basin scale and eco-hydrological processes at the catchment scale, which should be studied with more attentions on the dynamic and evolution behaviors of the three-dimensional groundwater circulation.

The theory of groundwater flow systems proposed by Tóth, which was based on the two-dimensional profile flow field, has become the theoretical basis for studying basin-scale groundwater circulation.The stagnation points on the two-dimensional profile can be used to accurately divide the spatial distribution of groundwater flow systems.However, the spatial distribution of groundwater flow systems and whether stagnation points exist in the 3D domain remain unknown.In this study, two typical three-dimensional basins, namely foreland-like basins with undulations only in the x direction and dune-type basins with undulations in both x and y directions, are used as typical examples.By using a combination of cosine functions to characterize the undulating water table, analytical solutions of head distribution in the two basins are derived.Moreover, by employing the TECPLOT software, the spatial distribution of the 3D groundwater flow systems is clearly shown.It is found out that stagnation points can develop in two basins.The stagnation points in the foreland-like basin constitute a horizontally extending stagnation line, which controls the spatial distribution of four flow systems in the basin, while the stagnation points in the dune-type basin form an arc-shaped stagnation line, which controls the spatial distribution of six flow systems in the basin.By studying the distribution of stagnation line in 3D basins and successfully dividing flow systems by using the stagnation line, this study leads to a deepened understanding of groundwater circulation in 3D basins.

The Kongqi River Irrigation District (KRID) in Xinjiang, China, has a serious problem of groundwater overexploitation.A scientific understanding of the development conditions and evolution characteristics of regional groundwater flow systems is the basis for optimizing the utilization of groundwater resources.The variation characteristics of groundwater flow systems in KRID, from 1970 to 2020, were simulated and identified via numerical modeling and streamlines tracing of the three-dimensional steady-state groundwater flow in the Quaternary aquifers.As indicated, a complex patterns of groundwater flow systems can be developed around the Kongqi River, with streamlines linking different recharge and discharge zones, varying with the pumping intensity of groundwater in KRID.In the 1970s when the condition was close to a natural state, groundwater flow systems with north-to-south flow dominated the irrigation district, and the spatial pattern depended on hydrogeological parameters and recharge-discharge factors.There were possibly 1-4 flow systems discharge to the Kongqi River in the natural condition.Currently, groundwater is strongly exploited in the irrigation district, and groundwater flow systems are attracted by the groundwater withdrawal funnel with recharge from surrounding areas, cutting off the groundwater flow system with recharge from the leaking upper reaches of the Kongqi River and discharge into the middle-lower reaches.In the past 50 years, the projected area for groundwater flow systems of the phreatic evaporation discharge has decreased by 29%, while the projected area for groundwater flow systems of pumping discharge has increased from zero to 40% of the total model area.Phreatic evaporation plays an important role in supporting natural ecosystems.Therefore, groundwater exploitation should be controlled in the irrigation district, to maintain the development condition for groundwater flow systems of phreatic evaporation discharge.

The theory of regional groundwater flow proposed by Tóth provides a quantitative analysis approach for the study of basin-scale groundwater circulation. This paper summarizes the development of the theory of regional groundwater flow from four aspects, compares the description of the theory of regional groundwater flow in foreign hydrogeology textbooks, and systematically summarizes the evolution of descriptions in the theory of regional groundwater flow in the four editions of the textbook "Fundamentals of hydrogeology" in Chinese published from 1986 to 2018. It is concluded that the textbook "Fundamentals of hydrogeology" plays an important role in promoting the study of regional groundwater flow in China. This paper also puts forward some scientific problems to be solved in the theory of regional groundwater flow and some suggestions to guide more young students to conduct research in this field.

Objective To explore the effect of miR-133a-3p on the apoptosis and inflammatory response of bronchial epithelial cells infected by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and its regulatory effect on CD2-associated protein (CD2AP). Methods The bronchial mucosal tissue specimens from 59 children with bronchial asthma were collected as the AsP group and 59 bronchial mucosal tissue specimens from non-asthmatic children with bronchiec- tasis were selected as the NC group. RT-qPCR method was used to detect the expression of miR-133a-3p and CD2AP in the tissues. RSV infected bronchial epithelial cells (16-HBE) were used to establish a cell injury model (RSV group). miR-NC, miR-133a-3p mimics, si-NC, si-CD2AP, pcDNA-NC, pcDNA-CD2AP, miR-133a-3p mimics and pcDNA-NC, miR-133a-3p mimics and pcDNA-CD2AP were respectively transferred into 16-HBE cells infected with RSV. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of miR-133a-3p and CD2AP in the cells. ELISA was used to detect the level of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1α. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis . The dual luciferase reporter experiment was used to detect the targeting relationship between miR-133a-3p and CD2AP. Western blot method was used to detect the protein expression of cleaved-caspase-3. Results Compared with NC group, the expression of miR-133a-3p in the bronchial mucosa tissue of the AsP group was decreased (P＜0.05), and the expression of CD2AP mRNA was increased (P＜0.05). The expression of miR-133a-3p in RSV-infected 16-HBE cells was decreased (P＜0.05), and the expression level of CD2AP, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1α was increased (P＜0.05), the apoptosis rate and the protein level of cleaved-caspase-3 were increased(P＜0.05). Transfection of miR-133a-3p mimics or transfection of si-CD2AP into RSV-infected 16-HBE cells significantly reduced the level of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1α, the apoptosis rate and the protein level of cleaved-caspase-3 (P＜0.05). The dual luciferase report experiment confirmed that CD2AP was the target gene of miR-133a-3p. Co-transfection of miR-133a-3p mimics and pcDNA-CD2AP significantly reversed the effects of miR-133a-3p mimics transfection on 16-HBE cell apoptosis and inflammation. Conclusions The over-expression of miR-133a-3p inhibits the inflammatory response and apoptosis of RSV-infected bronchial epithelial cells by negatively regulating the expression of CD2AP and thereby reducing cell damage.

Plants absorb and transport phosphorus through phosphorus transporters, and sufficient phosphorus can improve crop yield, quality, and stress resistance. High temperature is an important environmental factor affecting the growth and development of potato. In this study, we overexpressed the phosphorus transporter StPHO1.2 in potato mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and then compared the growth of transgenic strains and wild-type strains at high temperature (35°C) and normal temperature (22°±1°C. The results showed that overexpression of StPHO1.2 could improve the heat resistance and promote the growth of potato. And the higher the phosphorus concentration, the stronger the resistance, the better the growth. Subcellular localization in tobacco showed that StPHO1.2 was expressed on cell membrane. Therefore, the membrane system library plasmid was selected to screen the interacting proteins of StPHO1.2. This study demonstrated that the phosphorus transporter StPHO1.2 interacted with both the calcium ion transporter associated protein (StCAX1) and the photosynthetic system II protein subunit (StPsbR) by the yeast two-hybrid and BiFC. In conclusion, overexpression of StPHO1.2 may improve the heat tolerance and promote the growth of potato by affecting photosynthesis and signal transduction in potato. These results provide theoretical basis and reference for further understanding of the function of phosphorus transporters and promote the breeding of new potato varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect of butylphthalide on the serum uric acid level and clinical outcomes of patients with ischemic stroke. Methods A total of 160 patients with ischemic stroke were randomly divided into 2 groups: treatment group and control group. Patients in treatment group were given butylphthalide injection with the dosage of 25 mg twice a day, and those in control group were given conventional treatment. Uricase method was used to detect the serum uric acid level, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to evaluate neurological functional defect. Results After 14-day treatment, serum uric acid level in treatment group was significantly decreased (P = 0.003), and NIHSS score was significantly reduced (P = 0.000); comparing with control group, the level of serum uric acid was significantly higher (P = 0.029), while NIHSS score was significantly lower (P = 0.000). Pearson correlation analysis showed the level of serum uric acid was negatively correlated with NIHSS score (r = -0.288, P = 0.009). Conclusions Butylphthalide injection can promote the recovery of neurological function in patients with ischemic stroke, which may be related to decreasing the resistance to antioxidants. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2016.09.014

Aiming at the problems of cross-color or overcolor and dehazing residue in the traditional method of removing nonhomogeneous haze, a dehazing method for nonhomogeneous images based on adaptive scattering coefficient is proposed. Firstly, three kinds of haze density features are used to characterize the nonhomogeneous distribution of haze, and the positive correlation function between the atmospheric scattering coefficient and the haze concentration is innovatively established, which realizes the dynamic identification of the haze concentration of different pixels. Furthermore, the adaptive allocations of different atmospheric scattering coefficient values according to different haze concentrations at each pixel, and more accurate transmittance values are obtained. Secondly, the context regularization based on Robinson's high-order operator is used to constrain the transmittance, avoiding halo artifacts in the image after dehazing, and retaining image texture and detail information to the maximum extent. The experimental results show that the proposed method can pride better results in visual effects and objective indicators on both real haze images and nonhomogeneous haze images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A passive location method with one transmitter and one receiver using Direction Of Arrival (DOA) and Doppler measurements is proposed in this paper. The optimal trajectory analysis for the receiver is given for a moving target. The minimizing Geometrical Dilution Of Precision (GDOP) for target is used to analyze the optimal 2-D location. Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) is used to estimate the position and velocity of the target by optimizing the receiver’s trajectory, and the optimal location can be obtained for every estimated moment. A computer simulation is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Functional tremor (FT) is the most common manifestation of functional movement disorder (FMD), but its clinical recognition is insufficient, and there is no clear diagnostic standard and effective treatment method at present. The diagnosis mainly depends on the medical history, clinical examination, physical signs, neuroelectrophysiological examinations. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to improve the prognosis of the patients. The etiology and pathogenesis of FT have not been clarified. This article reviews the progress in diagnosis and treatment of FT in order to improve the clinicians' understanding of the disease and provide the possibility for treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of probiotics, acidifiers and enzyme preparations on performance, meat quality, serum biochemical indexes and antioxidant capacity of Dagu chickens. A total of 1 200 Dagu chickens were randomly divided into five groups, with four replicates in each group and 60 chickens in each replicate. The group A (control group) was basal diet, group B was basal diet + 0.3% probiotics, group C was basal diet + 0.3% probiotics + 0.2% acidifier, group D was basal diet + 0.3% probiotics + 100 g/t enzyme preparation, and group E was basal diet + 0.3% probiotics + 0.2% acidifier + 100 g/t enzyme preparation. The experiment lasted for 63 d. The results showed that the weight gain of Dagu chickens in group C, group D and group E was significantly higher than that in control group ( P<0.05), and feed to gain radio of Dagu chickens in group C, group D and group E was significantly lower than that in control group ( P<0.05). The breast muscle shear force of Dagu chickens in group C, group D, and group E was significantly lower than that in control group ( P<0.05), the leg muscle cooking loss of large-bone chickens in group E was significantly lower than that in control group ( P<0.05), and the leg muscle shear force of large-bone chickens in group D and group E was significantly lower than that in control group ( P<0.05). The serum total cholesterol and triglyceride content of Dagu chickens in group B, group C, group D and group E were significantly lower than those in control group ( P<0.05), the serum total protein content of Dagu chickens in group D and group E were significantly higher than those in control group ( P<0.05), and the serum alanine aminotransferase activity of Dagu chickens in group E was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). Serum aspartate aminotransferase of Dagu chickens in group D and group E was significantly lower than that in control group ( P<0.05). The serum MDA content of large-bone chickens in group B, group C, group D and E was significantly lower than that in control group ( P<0.05), and the T-SOD activity and T-AOC were significantly higher than those in control group ( P<0.05). The serum GSH-Px activity of large-bone chickens in group C, group D and group E was significantly higher than that in control group ( P<0.05). The experiment indicates taht probiotics, acidifiers and enzyme preparations can improve growth performance, improve meat quality, reduce blood lipid, enhance liver function and enhance antioxidant capacity of Dagu chickens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addition of exogenous enzymes can significantly improve the absorption of carbohydrate and the utilization rate of protein in ruminants. However, the studies are mainly focused on cows and beef cattle, and there is a lack of more extensive research in sheep production. In the paper, the research status of exogenous enzymes, the mechanism of exogenous enzymes on ruminants, and its effects on sheep production performance, rumen microorganisms fermentation and microbial population were reviewed, to provide a reference for wider application of exogenous enzymes in sheep production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective With the development of lung cancer surgery, the rate of chylothorax after resection of lung cancer had an increasing trend year by year. The aim of this study is to explore the diagnosis and management of postoperative chylothorax for resection of lung cancer by analysis 1472 cases lung cancer patients who underwent radical resection of lung cancer at our department in the past 7 year. Methods Clinical date of 17 patients with lung cancer who had postoperative chylothorax were analyzed retrospectively. Results Seventeen cases were treated by conservative treatment, among them 16 case were cured, one case was failure by conservative treatment and was cured by tieing off the ductusthoracious. Conclusion The occurrence of chylothorax has a correlation with the TNM stages and operation site of lunge cancer, in the management of postoperative chylothorax, adopting correct measures promptly can reach good therapeutic effect.

In order to explore the difference on the resistance physiology and yield and the mitigation effect of uniconazole (S3307) pretreatment under waterlogging stress, the pot experiment was conducted using Longxiaodou 4 (LXD 4) and Tianjin-hong (TJH). The anti-stress physiological indexes and yield were measured on 5th day after waterlogging stress and foliar spraying S3307 at seedling stage, and samples were taken every day. The results showed that leaf physiological indexes in waterlogging stress were changed during seedling stage, the content of H2O2, MDA, proline and soluble protein were significantly increased, as the same as the content of ABA, IAA, and SA, and the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT. Waterlogging treatment for five days resulted in a significant decrease in the output of LXD 4 in a single pot by 8.40% to 12.61%, and that of TJH decreased by 9.91% to 10.01%. S3307 had the effect of resisting waterlogging stress, and could effectively increase the content of proline and soluble protein in the leaf of adzuki bean, significantly reduced the content of H2O2 and MDA, significantly increased the activity of SOD and POD, the value of SOD/POD and SOD/CAT, significantly increased the ABA and SA content, and significantly inhibited the increase in IAA content. Foliar spraying S3307 significantly increased the output of LXD 4 by 2.85% to 6.18% under waterlogging treatment for four days, and significantly increased the yield of TJH by 2.85% to 3.95%, respectively. This study concluded that there were significant differences under physiological stress in reactive oxygen species accumulation, membrane lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities and hormone levels among different varieties of adzuki bean under waterlogging stress. Spraying S3307 could effectively alleviate the effects of waterlogging stress on the physiology and yield in adzuki bean. The results provide a theoretical basis for further studying the physiological mechanism of adzuki bean resistance to waterlogging at the seedling stage and improving the yield of adzuki bean under waterlogging stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the green building evaluation in the construction phase of projects, combined with the current on-site management and technical level of green building in domestic construction projects, as well as the relevant contents in "Assessment Standard for Green Building", "Code for Green Construction of Building" and "Evaluation Standard for Green Construction of Building", this study analyzes the influencing factors of green construction and puts forward the green construction evaluation index system in the construction phase of construction projects. The objective weighting method (entropy weight method) and the subjective weighting method (AHP) are used to determine the weight of the combination of factors. The grey relational analysis theory is used to establish a green construction evaluation model for selecting construction projects with higher green construction level. The feasibility and operability of the green construction index system and evaluation model are demonstrated through the analysis of engineering examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In current research on multi-objective optimization of engineering projects, there is a lack of considerations on the relationship between schedule, cost, quality and safety levels. To address this deficiency, the cost-safety level optimization model was developed based on the analysis of the influencing factors of process safety level. The safety goal was introduced into the time-cost-quality optimization model to build equilibrium optimization model of time-cost-quality-safety. Secondly, this study introduces the quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO) to improve the solution efficiency. Finally, simulation experiments are conducted with engineering examples to obtain a series of Pareto solutions for construction schedule, cost, quality and safety level. The results show that the obtained Pareto solution can provide effective supports for decision-making process. The quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization is effective in solving the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advent of the era of big data and artificial intelligence, the research focus of machine learning has shifted from perception domain to cognitive computing (CC) domain. How to improve the cognitive ability through big data is becoming a research hotspot of intelligence science and technology, in which recent deep learning has been expected to spark a new wave of research on cognitive computing. This paper summarizes the research progress of cognitive computing based on deep learning in recent years. And, comparison and analysis of recent progress in deep learning and cognitive computing are presented from three aspects, that is, deep learning data representation, cognitive models, parallel computing and its applications in the big data environment. Finally, some challenges and development trends of cognitive computing based on deep learning for big data are investigated to for cast the future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to establish the detection method of clenbuterol in lamb by using Oasis MCX SPE column combined internal standard method. The separation was performed by using acetonitrile -0.1% formic acid solution as mobile phase and 5% ammoniated methanol as eluent. The detection was conducted by using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS in positive ion and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes. The results showed that this method possessed satisfactory detecting rate for clenbuterol ranging from 0.050 ng/mL to 5.000 ng/mL. The coefficient was 0.997 8, the recovery rate was 98% ~ 102%, and the relative standard deviation was 2.09%. With high sensitivity and accuracy, this method could be used for detecting the clenbuterol in lamb, and it also had certain guiding significance for quantitative analysis of clenbuterol in other meat products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extraordinary application of superhydrophobic fabric has attracted considerable attention in recent years. In this paper, we proposed a method to design an effective micro-and nanostructures on the wool/polyester fabric by using different particle size sol to finish the fabric. The coated samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), the water contact angle (WCA) Respectively. The results indicated that different particle size (from 10 nm to 900 nm)sol using the low-temperature solgel technique were made and finished on the fabric in situ binding, and we designed an effective microand nanostructures; then the fabric was fabricated by depositing long alkyl chain silane, and we succeeded in fabrication of superhydrophobic wool/polyester fabric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the complexity, uncertainty, ambiguity grab correction system, this paper proposed fuzzy neural network based fault tree as a method for grab correction system fault diagnosis. The method extracted fault diagnosis input and output variables of grab correction system by using fault tree knowledge. It introduced the concept of fuzz logic, used fuzzy membership functions to describe the degree of failures. It used Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm to train the neural network system, got a better performance in inference speed and fault-tolerant. The experiments verify the effectiveness of fault diagnosis grab correction system based on fuzzy neural network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Altitudinal patterns of species richness and species range size and their underlying mechanisms have long been a key topic in biogeography and biodiversity research. Rapoport's rule stated that the species richness gradually declined with the increasing altitude, while the species ranges became larger. Using altitude-distribution database from Xiaolongshan Reverse, this study explored the altitudinal patterns of vascular plant species richness and species range in Qinling Xiaolongshan Reserve, and examined the relationships between species richness and their distributional middle points in altitudinal bands for different fauna, taxonomic units and growth forms and tested the Rapoport's rule by using Stevens' method, Pagel's method, mid-point method and cross-species method. The results showed that the species richness of vascular plants except small-range species showed a unimodal pattern along the altitude in Qinling Xiaolongshan Reserve and the highest proportion of small-range species was found at the lower altitudinal bands and at the higher altitudinal bands. Due to different assemblages and examining methods, the relationships between species distributing range sizes and the altitudes were different. Increasing taxonomic units was easier to support Rapoport's rule, which was related to niche differences that the different taxonomic units occupied. The mean species range size of angiosperms showed a unimodal pattern along the altitude, while those of the gymnosperms and pteridophytes were unclearly regular. The mean species range size of the climbers was wider with the increasing altitude, while that of the shrubs which could adapt to different environmental situations was not sensitive to the change of altitude. Pagel's method was easier to support the Rapoport's rule, and then was Steven's method. On the contrary, due to the mid-domain effect, the results of the test by using the mid-point method showed that the mean species range size varied in a unimodal pattern along the altitude, which didn't support the Rapoport's rule, and because of the scatter-spot impact, the explanatory power of the cross-species method was much lower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SrBi2Ta209(SBT)/LaNiO3 (LNO) heterostructure thin films were grown on Si (100) substrate by using a sol-gel process. XRD results reveal high (115) orientation of SrBi2Ta2O9 thin film. The hysteresis loops and leakage current density of the films annealed at different temperatures were measured. The film annealed at 700°C showes the lowest leakage current density and a well saturated P-E hysteresis loop with the largest remnant polarization (Pr) of 7.16 uC/cm². Leakage mechanism analysis suggests an 0hmic conduction. In addition, the SBT/LN0 heterostructures annealed at 700°C exhibit a weak roomtemperoturo ferromagnetic behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research about two-direction refinable functions and two-direction wavelets with dilation factor 2 and their properties are extended to dilation factor m. The condition that the two-direction refinable functions and its corresponding two-direction wavelet are symmetric and antisymmetric is given. Finally, an algorithm for constructing the orthonormal two-direction wavelets with orthonormal scaling functions and the corresponding orthonrmal wavelets is presented and an example is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A RSS-based location method based on weighted multidimensional scaling is proposed in this paper. Based on the relation between received signal strength (RSS) and the distance from emitted source to the receiver, the distance information can be first obtained. Next, the source location can be modeled as multidimensional scaling and the multidimensional scaling matrix can be decomposed by subspace method. According to the orthogonality of signal subspace and noise sub-space, linear equations for location parameter can then be obtained. By using the statistical characteristic of the errors for the linear equations, the weighted least square solution for source location can be finally found. Computer simulation shows the efficiency and practicality for this method. The method can attain the CRB at moderate SNR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the study of A-dilation single wavelet set,the concept of the A-dilation multi-wavelet set is introduced,the characterization of A-dilation single wavelet set is a dilation and translation tiling,which is enlarged to A-dilation multi-wavelet set. A sufficient and necessary condition for a measurable set family {En}n=1M-1 to be A-dilation multi-wavelet set for L2(Rd) is obtained,and it is proved by Fourier transform and the related knowledge of the set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The methods for constructing the M-band complex wavelet were investigated. Based on the method and constructional idea of real wavelets filter with M scale, the correlation theory of complex wavelets with M scale is given. Then a method to construct compactly supported symmetric and anti-symmetric orthogonal complex wavelets filter with M scale is proposed. Finally, an example of complex Haar wavelet is offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using static chamber and gas chromatography methods, this paper studied the effects of clear cutting and selective cutting on the CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions from Larix gmelini-Sphagnum swamp in Lesser Xing'an Mountains. Dramatic changes in the seasonal dynamics of CH4 and N2O emissions were detected in different treatment sites. Control site absorbed CH4 in summer and emitted CH4 in autumn, and absorbed N2O in both summer and autumn; selective cutting site emitted CH4 and N2O mainly in summer; and clear cutting site emitted CH4 in summer and autumn,and absorbed N2O in summer but emitted it in autumn. Cutting pattern had less effects on the seasonal dynamics of CO2 emission. Both on the clear cutting site and on the selective cutting site, the CO2 emission was in order of summer> spring> autumn. Forest cutting altered the source and sink functions of the sites. Control site functioned as a source of CO2 and a weak sink of CH4 or N2O, while forest cutting sites had a decrease of CO2 emission by 25%, and became a weak source of N2O and a weak or strong source of CH4. Compared with that of control site, the Global Warming Potential (GWP) of selective cutting site and clear cutting site was reduced by 24.5% and increased by 3.2%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dynamics model of Stewart platform is presented to analyze the dynamics character of submarine. In order to construct a complete dynamic model with the consideration of the effect of all parts' gravity and inertia force, the balance equations of legs and platform's forces and moment are carried out by the Newton-Euler approach. As an example, leg forces of a Stewart platform are calculated and the force curves are drawn. Leg power is driven by the product of forces and velocities of the Stewart platform, and the corresponding power curves are drawn, which can be used to design the hydraulic cylinder' s power and achieve the exact solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the assumption that a simply supported rectangular plate is an analytical model, firstly the relationship between structural surface volume velocity and sound power radiated by the plate is analyzed in the wave-number domain, and the mathematical expressions indicating the contribution proportion of structural mode to the volume velocity is derived. Based on these results, combined with charge output equation of the PVDF piezoelectric film and orthogonal property of trigonometric function, a novel design methodology for volume velocity sensor is presented, and an experiment for measuring structural volume velocity on a concrete model is conducted. The results show that the distributed volume velocity sensor has a better sensing accuracy. The validity of this approach is further verified. It is also observed that the deflections of the PVDF sensor shaping and bonding position have obvious effect on sensing accuracy, and the extent of effect on sensing under different excited conditions is different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tosional moments acting on diesel crankshaft were identified through a time domain method that uses impulse response matrix and the torsional vibration signal measured at a single point. In the method, torsional moments are taken as impulse loads and represented by base functions with concentrated energy. All base functions have adjustable parameters and an optimizaton procedure is given at the same time to find the optima, which enhances the matching ability of these functions. For a diesel engine, simulation was given to verify the performance of misfiring diagnosis. The results show that torsional moments can be estimated with good accuracy, and misfiring can be easily found out with estimated moments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]