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Nickel chloride (NiCi2), as a cathode material of high potential thermal battery, its poor conductivity limits Is application in thermal battery. In this study, cuprous ion doped nickel chloride (NiCl2-Cu.r) was prepared vasa liquid-phase mixing and low temperature calcination process. NiCl2-Cu5 possesses the best electro- chemical performance. Compared wk. NiCl2, NiCl2-Cu5 exhibits the advantages of high voltage and high specie- c energy. Especially at the current dimity of 500 cm2, NiCl2-Cu5 shows a high specific energy of 724 kg, which Ls about 82% higher than that of NiCl2. Pulse test shows that NiCl2-Cu5 cathode material has lower internal resistance and can aureate ohm polarization doing discharge, thus realizing high specific energy output. This work provides a new approach for the development of high-performance cathode materials for thermal battery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the correlation between the different glycemic variability (GV) indices calculated by self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE) obtained from the continuous glucose monitor (CGM) system in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods This was a retrospective study. We analyzed the data of T2DM patients who received 48-72 h CGM and 7-point SMBG (pre and post-breakfast, lunch, dinner and prior to bedtime) simultaneously in Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yat-sen University from January 2018 to October 2019. The GV indices calculated from the 7-point SMBG data included the standard deviation (SDBG) of the 7-point glucose profiles, the largest amplitude of glycemic excursions (LAGE) and the postprandial glucose excursion (PPGE), coefficient of variation of blood glucose (CV) and mean amplitude of glucose excursion (MAGE', calculated by SMBG profile). Spearman's correlation analysis, simple linear regression and multiple stepwise regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between the different GV indices calculated from 7-point SMBG and MAGE obtained by CGM, and the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the ability of the former to predict the latter. Results Among 105 patients with T2DM, the SDBG, PPGE, LAGE and CV calculated by 7-point glucose profiles of SMBG were (2.02±0.77) mmol/L, (2.75±1.13) mmol/L, (5.62±2.13) mmol/L and (25.92±0.77)%, respectively, while the level of MAGE' and median MAGE were 4.11 (2.84, 5.92) mmol/L and 4.00 (2.65, 5.00) mmol/L, respectively. SDBG, PPGE, LAGE, CV and MAGE' were significantly correlative with MAGE (r=0.614, 0.499, 0.588, 0.533 and 0.473, respectively, all P<0.01). Multiple stepwise regression analysis was performed with MAGE as dependent variable and SDBG, PPGE, LAGE, CV and MAGE' as independent variables, and only SDBG entered the equation (P<0.01). The areas under ROC curve for SDBG [0.795, 95% confidence interval (CI) was 0.708-0.882], LAGE (0.782, 95%CI was 0.692-0.872) and CV (0.769, 95%CI was 0.677-0.846) were larger than those for PPGE (0.718, 95%CI was 0.620-0.816) and MAGE' (0.704, 95%CI was 0.607-0.789, all P<0.01) in reflecting the unqualified MAGE. Conclusions GV indices calculated from 7-point SMBG data including SDBG, LAGE, PPGE, CV and MAGE' are positively correlated with MAGE obtained from CGM. And SDBG has higher accuracy than the other four parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants has been continuously increasing in China. One way to manage sewage sludge is drying, which yields a solid with low humidity. This solid can be easily stored, recycled and transported to other facilities. The drying of sewage sludge has been proved to considerably reduce solid volumes. Using superheated steam in the drying process can lead to substantial energy, if the vapour evaporating from the materials is used elsewhere in overall process. Therefore, superheated steam drying is an attractive drying process for industrial use especially if the cost energy for the drying is a major part of the cost of manufacture such as sewage sludge drying process. In order to further study the moisture diffusion mechanism and effective diffusivity of thin layer of sludge in superheated steam drying, this paper ignoring the influence of sample's moisture content change on effective diffusivity when determining the effective diffusivity through drying method, and adopts Fourier number method and optimization method respectively to calculate the effective diffusivity of sludge thin layers with the thickness of 2, 4, 6 and 10 mm at superheated steam temperature from 120° to 280°, respectively. Relations of the effective diffusivity with superheated steam temperature and the thickness of thin layer were analyzed. The results showed that the effective diffusivity values derived from Fourier number method and optimization method were basically identical, and the effective diffusivity values and change characteristics of thin layer sludge in superheated steam drying were more accurately reflected based on these two methods. Calculation results derived from the Fourier number method and optimization method showed that the effective diffusivity of sludge with the thickness at 4 mm were 2.52×10-10-2.93×10-9m2/s and 2.75×10-10-3.32×10-9 m2/s respectively at the temperature 120-280°,and the effective diffusivity of sludge with thicknesses of 2, 4, 6 and 8 mm were 3.85×10-10-2.28×10-9 m2/s and 4.40×10-10-2.72×10-9 m2/s respectively at the temperature of 160°. The effective diffusivity increased gradually with the increase of superheated steam temperature and the thickness of thin layer, and had a linear relationship with the two parameters. By using the multiple linear regression method, simplified expressions that reflect the relationship between effective diffusivity and drying temperature and thickness of layer were established respectively according to Fourier number method and optimization method, with the corresponding determination coefficient of 0.9982 and 0.9956. The calculation results can provide a valuable reference for the analysis of moisture diffusion process and effective diffusion coefficient of thin sludge layer in superheated steam drying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Characteristic information is hidden in the received signal of active torpedo electromagnetic fuse. The conventional burst controlling strategies based on energy-comparison are affected by ambient and electromechanical noises. The improved algorithms based on digital signal processing techniques are proposed. The received signals are first processed by all-phase compensation method to eliminate the direct coupling component, and then the residual signal is demodulated using STFT. An improved polynomial least mean square approximation method, which reduces the computation time, is presented for eliminating the side-effects brought by noise. A parametric estimation model base on bell-shape impulse is used to estimate the maximum of echo envelope. Simulation and trial data show that the proposed algorithm is effective and practical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the relationship between self-management and dietary pattern among adults patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) by a Chinese version of the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Measure scale (C-SDSCA) and a short food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Methods C-SDSCA scale and FFQ were performed on 100 adult T1DM patients recruited from Guangdong T1DM Translational Medicine Study from April to October in 2018. According to the score of C-SDSCA scale, patients were divided into three groups by self-management: excellent, moderate and poor behaviors. Dietary pattern of the participants was classified as appropriate/inappropriate based on the results of FFQ. Differences between groups were compared using t-test, ANOVA test or chi-square test, when applicable. The effect of self-management behavior on dietary pattern was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression model. Results In total, 100 patients responded and 93 provided eligible responses. The average score of C-SDSCA scale was 59%, while only 25.8% (24/93) of the subjects had appropriate dietary patterns. Compared with patients with appropriate dietary patterns, those with in appropriate ones had significantly elevated level of HbA1c [(7.4±1.1)% vs (6.9±1.0)%, t=-2.08, P=0.04]. The scores of C-SDSCA were higher in the group of patients with appropriate diet patterns comparing to those with inappropriate ones (45.63±11.71 vs 35.03±11.73, t=3.81, P<0.01). In the group of excellent self-management behaviors, 55.6% (10/18) patients had appropriate dietary patterns, but the ratio were only 22.0% (13/59) and 6.2% (1/16) in the groups with moderate and poor self-management behaviors, respectively. Results from logistic regression shows that deterioration in self-management level by one category was associated with a 4.78-fold increase in the risk of inappropriate dietary pattern (OR=4.78, 95%CI 1.71-13.34, P<0.01). Conclusions Current situation of self-managing behaviors and dietary patterns of adult patients with T1DM were not ideal. It was found that appropriate dietary pattern was associated with better glycemic control and better self-managing behaviors, indicating that more attention should be paid to diet education in patients who have poorer self-management behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]