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Objective * To examine the association of triglyceride-glucose index with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in participants without atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) risk factors. Methods * This study included 32 532 participants [64.01% male, mean age (48.26±12.89) years] who had no history of CVD and no ASCVD risk factors (including dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking and diabetes) at baseline from Kailuan Study during 2006-2007. Participants were divided into 4 groups according to the quintiles of TyG index at baseline (Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4). TyG index was calculated as ln[triglyceride (mg/dL)×fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)/2]. The outcome was the first occurrence of CVD from baseline to the end of follow-up (December 31, 2019). Baseline characteristics were compared with one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables, and chi-square for categorized variables. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were performed to evaluate the associations. Restricted cubic spline with 5 knots at the 5th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 95th percentile was used to explore the dose-response association between TyG index and incident CVD. A two-sided P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results * During a median follow-up of 12.97 (12.67, 13.17) years, we observed 1 324 incident CVD events (including 1 084 cases of stroke and 255 cases of myocardial infarction). Compared with participants in the Q1 group, the multivariable adjusted hazard ratios in the Q2, Q3 and Q4 group were 1.16 (95%CI 0.97-1.38), 1.29 (95%CI 1.08-1.53) and 1.60 (95%CI 1.35-1.90) for CVD, 1.12 (95%CI 0.93-1.36), 1.21 (95%CI 1.00-1.46) and 1.44 (95%CI 1.20-1.73) for stroke, and 1.32 (95%CI 0.84 - 2.06), 1.64 (95%CI 1.07 - 2.51) and 2.41 (95%CI 1.60 - 3.65) for myocardial infarction, respectively. Sensitivity analyses yielded similar results. Subgroup analysis showed that the association between TyG index and CVD was consistent across different gender populations, and there was no significant interaction between gender and TyG index in relation to the risk of CVD. Multivariable-adjusted spline regression model showed a J-shaped association between TyG index and the risk of CVD, stroke and myocardial infarction. Similar results were observed when stroke and myocardial infarction were the interest of outcomes. Conclusion * Among the individuals without traditional ASCVD risk factors, there is an increased risk of incident CVD with increasing TyG index level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the problems that the identification of diabetic retinopathy mainly depends on the clinical experience of doctors and the features of the lesions are difficult to be distinguished by eyes and the recognition rate is low, a diabetic retinopathy classification method based on attention neural network is proposed. Firstly, the retinal images are preprocessed by normalization, histogram equalization and data enhancement. Secondly, 2-DenseNet is proposed by adjusting the classical DenseNet to reduce the number of connections on the premise of avoiding gradient disappearance and ensuring classification accuracy. At the same time, the attention module is embedded into the network to direct it to focus on features such as exudates, thick blood vessels, and microaneurysms in retinal images, which is used to train and test the pre-processed images. Finally, multiple models are compared on the public Kaggle dataset, and the experimental results show that the network has a higher classification accuracy for diabetic retinopathy than other models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple ultra performance liquid chromatography ( UPLC ) method for the determination of fourteen nitrophenol residues in environmental waste water is proposed. A Bond Elut Plexa solid phase extraction ( SPE) is used for the extraction and purification of the compounds in environmental waste water. The water sample with sampling amount of 5. 0 mL is purified using a solid phase extraction column, and then eluted with 3.0 mL tetrahydrofuran. The elution is introduced into the instrument and determined by HPLC with photodiode array detector with detection wavelength of 220 nm. A good base line separation of target compounds is achieved within 22 minutes under the optimal condition. The calibration curves of 3 amides are linear in the concentration range of 0.1 ~ 20 mg/L with the correlation coefficients of 0.9973 - 0.9987. The recoveries are 82.5 % ~ 104.8%, and the relative standard deviations range from 3.2 % to 5.7 % for the target compounds. The minimum detectable concentrations are 0.02 ~ 0.04 mg/L. This proposed method is convenient to use, sensitive and accurate, and is suitable for the routine detection of trace amide contaminants in environmental waste water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluation of the NVH (noise, vibration and harshness) performance of automotive powertrain has been an integral part of the vehicle development process. Although electric vehicles are generally considerably quieter than their counterparts powered by internal combustion engines, some problems about NVH still exist, which are becoming more challenging in terms of the future of vehicle. Firstly, the sound only from dominant engine but not from tire, wind or auxiliaries disappears, which consequently becomes increasingly audible due to the removal of the masking sound of broadband engine. Moreover, the interior noise is characterized by high-frequency noise components which can be subjectively perceived as annoying and unpleasant. Thirdly, as the electric vehicle develops toward the direction of high speed and large torque, electric vehicle vibration and noise problems highlight gradually. The subject of this paper is the numerical and experimental evaluation of the acoustic behavior of an electric powertrain, which is helpful for the electric vehicle in the design stage. For this purpose, a co-simulation method based on finite element modeling (FEM) and boundary element method (BEM) for the acoustic radiation analysis of an electric powertrain under multi-excitations is presented. The vibration and noise characteristics of electric vehicle are quite different from that of internal combustion engine due to different exciting forces. The calculation of the internal excitations of motor-reducer integrated drive system is the foundation of dynamic analysis. The internal dynamic excitations of a certain electric powertrain in rated revolution are calculated by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation method on the basis of gear dynamics and electromagnetism, including the electromagnetic radial force, electromagnetic tangential force and external circuit in the motor, and the time-varying gear meshing stiffness, meshing error and meshing impact in the gear system. The amplitude of the electromagnetic forces is concentrated on the current harmonic frequencies, while the gear meshing force is on the meshing frequencies. On this basis, a structural dynamic model is established based on FEM to carry out the vibration modal analysis and calculate the vibration responses. The analysis shows that the electric motor can be influenced by the reducer, which makes the NVH characteristics of the electric motor are totally different from that without reducer. Then, an acoustic model of the electric powertrain is established based on BEM to calculate the radiated sound pressure with the results of vibration response analysis, in order to find out its effect on the acoustic radiation. From the contour graph of different field points' acoustic pressures, it can be learnt that sound pressure level of radiation noise near motor and reducer is higher than any other places and radiation noise spreads in radial lines. In order to testify the theoretical analysis, an experimental bench is used to test the radiation noise of the electric powertrain in a semi-anechoic chamber. The results derived from both simulation and experiment indicate that the 6th and 12th harmonics of current are the main reasons of making electromagnetic noise, and meanwhile the gear's active meshing frequency as well as its doubling and tripling frequencies contributes to the gear whining. Thus, a template from end to end to predict NVH performance of an electric powertrain has been established. The results can provide a beneficial support for the further study of electric powertrain noise control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By specifying the theoretical model of R&D accumulation and output growth based on the new growth theory and the spatial panel data model based on core- periphery theory in new economic geography. The results show that R&D investment has the feature of high return and R&D spillover effects from center to periphery have different effects on the high-tech output in the periphery provinces. Generally speaking, the interactions between center and periphery in an area have positive effects on the output growth. The material capital and labor input promote the output growth significantly. The government should encourage the R&D input in the center, guide the production and R&D activity from center to the periphery provinces to reinforce the driving effects and the spillover effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The parameter matching of electric motor drive system for electric and series hybrid electric vehicles is studied in this paper. Firstly the theoretical and numerical analyses on the selection of required motor power for meeting the need of vehicle's acceleration performance are conducted, and the effects of extending constant power region of electric motor on the power performance of vehicle under different conditions are quantitatively studied with a result showing that choosing a larger constant power region can meet the requirements of vehicle's acceleration and hill-climbing performances with a motor of less power, or to give the fixed power motor a better power performance. Then the procedures of motor parameter matching in both conditions with known and unknown transmission ratio are given. Finally a calculation example verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the procedure proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of methane adsorption isotherm experiments on bulk organic shale from the Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin were conducted at 35, 50 and 65 °C and the CH4 pressure up to 15 MPa under dry conditions. Comparing these experimental results to previously published methane adsorption data of different organic types and thermal maturity, the effect of the characteristics of organic matter on methane adsorption in shale were discussed. The results show that the Longmaxi shale follows Type II kerogen trend line in the In K-1/T diagram of different kerogen type, and the Langmuir maximum sorption capacity per ton rock is obviously less than that of three types of kerogen which were isolated from the shales in USA. The thermodynamic parameters of adsorption on organic rich shale of Longmaxi Formation were determined based on the experimental CH4 isotherms. The heat of adsorption (q) and the standard entropy (Δs0) ranges from 19.8 to 25.4 kJ/mol and from -94. 0 to -111.1 J/(mol ⋅ K), respectively, which are close to the values of type II or III kerogen and greater than that of clay minerals. This indicates that the organic matter is the important adsorbent in shales. Note that the Langmuir maximum CH4 adsorption capacity per gram TOC of the Longmaxi shale is much greater than that of three types of kerogen in USA, which may indicate that this phenomenon is related to the pore structure micropore development in the shales of high thermal maturity, which needs to be investigated in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Based on bioinformatics technology, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and immune infiltration analysis of key differential genes were performed on the chip data of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and the related effects of traditional Chinese medicine were predicted. Methods: GSE12216 chip data were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by the R software. Then, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to analyze gene ontology (GO) functional and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genome (KEGG) for all expression data, and GO and KEGG of DEGs were analyzed by the R-package. The DEGs protein interaction network was constructed by STRING database, and the key genes were screened by Cytohubba; ROC analysis of key genes to judge the diagnostic value of key genes; contents and proportion of 24 immune cells in IUGR were obtained by single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA); the correlation between key gene expression and immune cell infiltration was calculated by Spearman statistical analysis, and the immune related key genes were predicted by Coremine database. Results: Total 228 IUGR and DEGs of normal placenta were obtained; GSEA results showed that the gene expression changes of IUGR samples were mainly related to chemokines, receptors and lysosomal signal pathway; GO and KEGG analysis of DEGs showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in TNF signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway and JAK/STAT signaling pathway; Cytohubba screened 10 key genes: CSF2, IRAK1, PTGS2, FLT1, CHUK, CXCL12, FOS, LEP, CXCL2 and RELB; ROC analysis showed that these 10 genes had high diagnostic value; infiltration matrix analysis of immune cells revealed that natural killer T cells (NKTs) and monocytes appeared significantly altered in IUGR placentas. The correlation analysis between immune infiltration and key genes found that seven genes CSF2, IRAK1, PTGS2, CHUK, CXCL12, CXCL2 and RELB were correlated with immune infiltration. According to the prediction of traditional Chinese medicine, it was found that ginseng and Astragalus had the closest relationship with IUGR related immune infiltration. Conclusion: NKT cells and monocytes play an important role in the development and occurrence of IUGR; we identified seven genes that are involved with immune infiltration; Ginseng and Scutellaria baicalensis can be used as drug sources for the treatment of IUGR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Jianpi Bushen Jiedu formula combined with apatinib and tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil (S-1) for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Methods A single-arm, open-label clinical study was conducted. The patients were treated with the Jianpi Bushen Jiedu formula combined with a low dose of apatinib (250 mg, once per day) and S-l (20 mg, twice per day). The primary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS), and secondary outcomes included the objective remission rate (ORR), the disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), and the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory for Traditional Chinese Medicine (MDASI-TCM) score. Results The median PFS and median OS of the treatment of the Jianpi Bushen Jiedu formula combined with apatinib and S-l were 4. 80 months and 12.73 months, respectively. The ORR was 7.32% (3/41) while the DCR was 68.29% (28/41). The score of the MDASI-TCM did not fall. The common adverse events were hypertension, proteinuria, thrombocytopenia, and bleeding, with incidences of 51.22%, 41.46%, 26.83%, and 19.51%, respectively. Conclusion Patients with mCRC, especially after the failure of the second or above lines of treatment or without treatment with previous bevacizumab may potentially benefit from the treatment with the Jianpi Bushen Jiedu formula combined with low dose apatinib and S-l. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To characterize the electrostatic hazards of lead styphnate (LTNR),the static electricity accumulation and electrostatic spark sensitivity are tested. 5 kinds of flumes with different lengths and slanting angles made of stainless steel, aluminum, fabroil, conductive rubber and shellac painted kraft are used to test the flowing time and static electricity accumulation of LTNR. The friction coefficients between LTNR and various flumes are calculated. The quantitative relation between the static electricity accumulation and the length and slanting angle of flume is investigated, and the linear and quadratic equations are obtained. The effects of slip velocity and friction on the static electricity accumulation of LTNR are studied, and the binary linear regression equations are obtained. Furthermore, the electrostatic spark sensitivity of LTNR is tested with various capacitances, resistances and electrode gaps. The result shows that the test condition has an significant effect on electrostatic spark sensitivity which increases with the increase in electrode gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The carbon and sulfur content, Rock-Eval pyrolysis and the carbon isotopes of organic matter were analyzed using 124 fresh outcrop samples collected from the Ordovician Wufeng Formation to the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Shuanghe Town, Changning County in Sichuan Basin. The results show that TOC content is high (3.04% to 7.28%) in the Wufeng Formation and the lower part of the Longmaxi Formation, and the thickness of high TOC interval is about 20 m. The TOC content sharply decreases from 0.81% to 1.83% in the upper part of the Longmaxi Formation and then becomes stable with its content values less than 1%. The sulfur content ranges from 0.02% to 4.69%,with an average of 0.95%. The Δ13Corg values of the Longmaxi shale are concentrated in the range of -31.2‰ to -29.4‰, with an average of -30. 1%‰, indicating that organic matter is dominated by Type I and Type II. Combined with petrology and fossils characteristics of the Longmaxi Formation, the authors suggest that the main controls to the organic matter enrichment are sea level rise caused by global warming and the deep water reducing environment favorable for organic matter high productivity. In addition, a relatively slow deposition rate and reducing conditions lead to the better preservation of the organic matter. Therefore, the Wufeng Formation and the lower part of Longmaxi Formation marine shales with abundant TOC content in Sichuan basin is the main target for shale-gas exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The three types of low mature organic-rich samples from US Green River shale (Type I kerogen), Woodford shale (Type II kerogen), and China Pearl River Mouth Basin( Type III kerogen) were chosen as the initial samples for pyrolysis simulation on hydrocarbon generation. A pyrolysis system of sealed gold tubes in high pressure vessels was employed to conduct pyrolysis experiments at two heating rates of 20 °C/h and 2 °C/h under a constant confining pressure of 24. 1 MPa. The yields of gaseous hydrocarbons (C1-5) and liquid hydrocarbons (C6-14 and C14+), and the carbon isotopic compositions of gaseous hydrocarbons (C1-C4) were measured to reveal the generation mechanism of shale gas. The results show that the organic matter conversion from organic-rich shales to oil and gas can be divided into three stages: oil generation, gas generation from oil secondary cracking and gaseous hydrocarbons cracking. At the stage of oil generation by the thermal decomposition of primary kerogen, the yields of liquid hydrocarbons increase rapidly with the increase of temperature, and reach the peak values at approximately 0. 9%- 1.1% Ro, whereas gaseous hydrocarbons show low yields. At the stage of oil secondary cracking, gaseous hydrocarbons increase rapidly in the yields associated with the decreases in the yield of liquid hydrocarbons. At the stage of gaseous hydrocarbons cracking, the gas yields increase slightly, whereas gas is getting drier and enriches in CH4. The carbon isotopes of gaseous hydrocarbons vary from heavier to lighter with the increase of temperature, and reach the lightest values before the end of oil cracking, and then become heavier. The partial reversals of carbon isotopic compositions of gaseous hydrocarbons at the stage of oil cracking is observed for Type I shale, i. e., δ13C1<δ13C2<δ13nC4. The results also suggest that shale gas is mainly derived from kerogen primary cracking and oil and gas secondary cracking, and shale gas content is constrained by the organic matter type and thermal maturity, and the Type I shale has the highest gas yield. The partial reversal distributions of carbon isotopic compositions of gaseous hydrocarbons in shale gas could be caused by oil secondary cracking, or the mixing of gaseous hydrocarbons from different stages of thermal maturation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]