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Aiming at the main problems existing in the jumping robot, combined with the galago senegalensis monkey's characteristics of small sizes, stable and explosive jumping, a kind of galago senegalensis monkey single leg jumping robot is proposed in this study, and its main structure and control system are designed. Based on the principle of the Stephenson's six-bar linkage, a planar eight-bar linkage for the leg of simulating galago senegalensis monkey robot is designed, and its trajectory is optimized to obtain the bar length parameters with the best jumping ability. The three directions of the robot's jumping are controlled and adjusted, and the double closed-loop feedback control system is used to ensure the stability of the robot's attitude when taking off, soaring in the air, and landing on the ground. Finally, the physical verification model of the robot is established. The total weight is only 395.5 g, and the overall height is 250 mm. The experimental results show that the simulating single leg robot can achieve continuous and stable jumping, the highest jumping speed can reach 20 m/s, and the response time at a jumping height of 100 mm is 0.1 s.

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[Objectives] To investigate the potential of Amblyseius swirskii to act as a biological control for nymphs of the thrips Frankliniella occidentalis and Megalurothrips usitatus. [Methods] The prey preferences and functional and interference responses of A. swirskii to nymphs of F. occidentalis and M. usitatus were measured at 25° and 75% RH under laboratory conditions. [Results] A. swirskii preferred 1st instar nymphs of both F. occidentalis or M. usitatus to 2nd instar nymphs of these species, and there was no difference in its predatory capacity, or preference, for 1st instar nymphs of either species. However, A. swirskii preferred 2nd instar nymphs of F. occidentalis to those of M. usitatus. The functional response was a good fit to the Holling - equation. The predation rate of A. swirskii on 1st instar nymphs decreased with predator density. [Conclusion] The predatory capacity of A. swirskii was affected by the species and developmental stage of its prey and predator density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the background of micro thrust measurement field, in order to solve the problem of the superconductor cooling effect in high temperature superconducting magnetic levitation device, design and experimental research are developed. Based on the simulation analysis of the temperature field and eddy current loss of the conventional superconducting magnetic suspension element structure, the cooling structure of the precompacted dual thermal channel is designed. Preloaded Al2O3 ceramic cover plate, thermal pillars and cold head constitute a double heat conduction channel structure, which improves the cooling efficiency of the structure, significantly reduces the equilibrium temperature of superconductor, meanwhile the internal temperature of the superconductor is more uniform Non-metallic materials such as Al2O3 ceramics and graphite gaskets are introduced, which reduce the eddy current loss of cooling structure while ensuring good thermal conduction, this method can improve the measurement accuracy of micro thrust measurement. By means of simulation analysis and experiment validation, this structure can guarantee a result that the YBCO superconductor achieves good cooling effect in a short period of time and stays stability in the superconducting state, which will satisfy the demand of the micro thrust measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Software evolution information measurement not only could be used to found software problems during software development and software maintenance, but also to predict software change tendency. However, traditional methods of measuring software evolution information mainly used file, directory or project as the basic unit to track the software change, which lacked the ability of measuring the software evolution in the higher level of abstraction, this paper proposed an approach, which was based on the component-based software configuration management model and took the component as the basic measure unit, to measure the software itself evolution (such as the latest evolution measurement, the earlier evolution measurement) and the evolution similarity between two software based on the attribute change. Also it designed and implement a prototype support software system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presented a novelty classification method based on histogram of gradient (HOG) features and principle component analysis (PCA). Firstly, it extracted HOG features of image and whitened the features. At the second stage, it subsampled the features to an uniform scale, then extracted the image HOG features and projected these features into PCA space. At the last stage, it compared each test image with the PCA projections of training images, searched the nearest image comparing to the test image, finally it decided which class the test image belonged to and its max confidence scores. It implemented this method using C++, and based on OpenCV 2.4. 3 and Darwin 1.3.2 platform, tested this method on Pascal 2012 dataset with comparing to BOW-SVM method. The experiment shows this method has advantages both on running time and classification precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a long history of interactions between insects and plants, plants have developed various anti-insect compounds and defense signaling transduction pathways to defend against herbivorous insects, while insects have responded with sophisticated detoxification enzyme systems to protect against the toxicity of anti-insect compounds. In this study, the 2nd or 3rd instar of Spodoptera litura larvae were successively fed with the diets containing 0. 5% soybean trypsinase inhibitor (SBTI) for six generations to evaluate the effects of SBTI and defense signaling compounds on the activities of detoxification enzymes carboxylesterase (CarE) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in the mid- gut and fatbody of the larvae. After fed with the diets, the CarE and GST activities in the 5th instar larvae increased significantly. The CarE activity in the midgut and fatbody of the second generation larvae was the highest, being 2.06 and 2.40 times, and 1.96 and 2.70 times of that of the control, and the GST activity in the midgut and fatbody of the fourth and second generations was the highest, being 7. 03 and 11. 58 times, and 5. 71 and 3. 60 times of that of the control, respectively. These induced enzyme activities decreased gradually when the larvae continuously grew with the SBTI- containing diets. In addition, when the S. litura larvae were pre-exposed to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) or methyl salicylate (MeSA) for 48 h or fed with the diets containing 0. 5% SBTI, the activities of CarE and GST in the midgut and fatbody increased significantly, and, when the 2nd instar larvae were pre-exposed to MeJA and MeSA for 48 h, the effects of SBTI on the GST activity in larval midgut and fatbody were reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Common mycorrhizal networks ( CMNs) are the underground conduits of nutrient exchange between plants. However, whether the CMNs can serve as the underground conduits of chemical communication to transfer the disease resistance signals between plants are unknown. By inoculating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus ( AMF) Glomus mosseae to establish CMNs between 'donor' and 'receiver' tomato plants, and by inoculating Alternaria solani, the causal agent of tomato early blight disease, to the 'donor' plants, this paper studied whether the potential disease resistance signals can be transferred between the 'donor' and 'receiver' plants roots. The real time RT-PCR analysis showed that after inoculation with A. solani, the AMF-inoculated 'donor' plants had strong expression of three test defense-related genes in roots, with the transcript levels of the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), lipoxygenase (LOX) and chitinase (PR3) being significantly higher than those in the roots of the 'donor' plants only inoculated with A. solani, not inoculated with both A. solani and AMF, and only inoculated with AMF. More importantly, in the presence of CMNs, the expression levels of the three genes in the roots of the 'receiver' plants were significantly higher than those of the 'receiver' plants without CMNs connection, with the connection blocking, and with the connection but the 'donor' plants not A. solani-inoculated. Compared with the control (without CMNs connection), the transcript level of the PAL, LOX and PR3 in the roots of the 'receiver' plants having CMNs connection with the 'donor' plants was 4-2-, 4-5-and 3-5-fold higher, respectively. In addition, the 'donor' plants activated their defensive responses more quickly than the 'receiver' plants (18 and 65 h vs. 100 and 140 h). These findings suggested that the disease resistance signals produced by the pathogen-induced 'donor' tomato plant roots could be transferred to the 'receiver' plant roots through CMNs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking the Populus euphratica at lower reaches of Tarim River as test object, and by the methods of tree dendrohydrology, this paper studied the spatiotemporal variation of P. euphratic's branch radial increment after ecological water transfer. There was a significant difference in the mean radial increment before and after ecological water transfer. The radial increment after the eco-water transfer was increased by 125%, compared with that before the water transfer. During the period of ecological water transfer, the radial increment was increased with increasing water transfer quantity, and there was a positive correlation between the annual radial increment and the total water transfer quantity (R2=0.394), suggesting that the radial increment of P. euphratica could be taken as the performance indicator of ecological water transfer. After the ecological water transfer, the radial increment changed greatly with the distance to the River, i.e., decreased significantly along with the increasing distance to the River (P=0.007). The P. euphratic's branch radial increment also differed with stream segment (P=0.017), i.e., the closer to the head-water point (Daxihaizi Reservoir), the greater the branch radial increment. It was considered that the limited effect of the current ecological water transfer could scarcely change the continually deteriorating situation of the lower reaches of Tarim River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coupling random vibration of vehicles-bridge is studied. The bridge and vehicle are modeled as a continuous Euler-Bernoulli beam simply supported at the both end and a two-DOF system with linear suspensions and tire flexibility respectively. The power spectral density of bridges surface irregularity is taken as input. According to state space theory, general evolutionary random processes and modal analysis, the mean square values and evolutionary power spectral density functions of bean-displacement and section moment are derived. The effects of bridge span, road surface roughness and vehicles speed on the root mean square of the deflection at the middle of beam are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To study the hemostatic mechanism of the inorganic active element bone scaffold materials in vitro. METHODS: The specific surface area, along with the permeability ratio and expansion degree of the inorganic active element bone scaffold materials were evaluated in vitro. Experiments o alteration of hemorheology and platelet aggregation were done to detect the change of blood viscosity and activity of platelet aggregation after immersion of bone scaffold materials in the blood, and platelet adhesion with bone scaffold materials were observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results were analyzed by using SPSs11.0 software package for paired t test. RESULTS: The specific surface area of the inorganic active element bone scaffold materials was 210m²/g, porous ratio was 90%, permeability ratio was 34% and expansion degree was 5.6%. The inorganic active element bone scaffold materials could increase the blood viscosity at median shear rate and high shear rate after immersion in the blood (P<0.05) and induce the aggregation and adhesion of the platelet. CONCLUSION: The inorganic active element bone scaffold materials possesses favorable hemostatis characteristics, which makes it one of the high potential scaffold materials of bone tissue engineering. Supported by Key Science and Technology Project of Anhui Province (Grant No.06013131B). Key Scientific Research Foundation of Anhui Province (Grant No.04088009). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To discuss the diagnosis and comprehensive treatment based on operation and close observation of canceration of oral lichen planus (OLP). METHODS: Sixty-four patients with cancerous OLP were retrospectively analyzed, who were clinically diagnosed and pathologically confirmed to be OLP canceration from 1998 to 2007. Only patients who had buccal mucosal lesions were selected. After 21 days of PVP induction chemotherapy, all the patients underwent radical resection. RESULTS: The 1- and 3-year survival rate was 87.50% and 75.00%, respectively; regional recurrences occurred in 11 patients (17.18%). CONCLUSIONS: A criteria of OLP canceration was established, which solved the disagreement with OLP canceration by Krutchkoff et al; treatment of OLP canceration should be comprehensive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), which is an efficient method of data analysis for two dimensional airfoil transonic flow field reconstruction, has been proved successfully in this paper. The reduced order model (ROM) for flows has been constructed by using the snap shots from the knowledge of computational data or experimental data of flows. Based on this ROM, it is possible to reconstruct the entire flow field from the gappy data accurately in the range of snap shots. Using this approach, another application which is the two dimensional inverse airfoil design based on POD/ROM has been demonstrated successfully. This methodology demonstrates a great simplification for the inverse airfoil design problem. In this paper, the cases of transonic flow field reconstruction of RAE 2822 airfoil and the inverse design of NACA 63212 and Korn airfoil have been simulated. These cases prove that the method of flow field reconstruction and inverse airfoil design based on POD is efficient and utilizable in the range of transonic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the therapeutic effect of modified fixed Twin-block on patients whose mandible was retruded and anterior overjet was normal., Methods: Thirty-six adolescents with mandibular retrusion and normal anterior overjet were selected. The goal of occlusal reconstruction was to move the soft tissue pogonion forward to the zero meridian(0°). Fixed Twin-block combined with the mini-implants on the mandibular buccal shelf was used to promote mandibular growth. After 12 months, the appliances were removed step by step to observe the stability of the jaw relationship. Fixed orthodontic treatment was performed to achieve ideal occlusion and coordinated profile. SPSS 13.0 software package was used for Student's t test., Results: The length of mandibular body increased significantly which facilitated the forward movement of the soft tissue pogonion, and the profile changed from convex to straight. Comparison of the results before and after Twin-block treatment showed that Co-Gn, SNB, U1-SN, U6-0°, U1-0°, U1-L1, anterior overbite, anterior overjet, Pog's-0°, L1-0° and lower anterior facial height changed significantly (P＜0.05). Comparison of the results before and after fixed orthodontic treatment showed that PP-MP, SN-MP, U6-0°, IMPA, L1-0°,U1-SN, U1-L1, anterior overbite and overjet changed significantly(P＜0.05)., Conclusions: Modified fixed Twin-block combined with mini-implants on the mandibular buccal shelf can effectively stimulate the mandibular growth and improve the lateral profile of patients with mandibular retrusion and normal overjet.

Sepsis remains a global disease with high morbidity and mortality. The changes of immune cell metabolism are of great significance in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is not only a major regulator of hypoxic adaptive response, but also plays an important role in metabolic pathways such as glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway of immune cells in sepsis. Current studies have found that pattern recognition receptors, transcription factors, certain metabolic byproducts and kinases all have varying degrees of influence on HIF activity or the cell metabolism involved. This review introduces the role and regulatory mechanism of HIF pathway in the metabolic changes of sepsis immune cells, so as to develop new approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis in the future.

In sediments, wetlands, and flooded paddy soils, natural organic matter (DOM), such as humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA), exist in a reduced state and mediate the reduction of Hg(Ⅱ) and affect the transformation of mercury and geochemical cycles. This study simulated a dark anaerobic environment to study the reduction of Hg(Ⅱ) by reduced HA and FA. Compared to oxidized HA and FA, the reduction capacity of the reduced HA and FA for Hg(Ⅱ) were higher. The optimal concentrations of reduced HA and FA to reduce Hg(Ⅱ) to Hg(0) were 0.2 mg·L -1 and 1.5 mg·L -1 , respectively. The reduction quantity of Hg(Ⅱ) was enhanced with the increased concentration of reduced HA and FA at a lower than optimal concentration, whereas the reduction quantity of Hg(Ⅱ) decreased with increasing concentration of reduced HA and FA at a higher than optimal concentration due to the occurrence of thiol-competitive complexation. Hg(Ⅱ) was not reduced at a reduced HA concentration of 5 mg·L -1 . The kinetics results of Hg(Ⅱ) reduction demonstrated that the reduction rates were IHSS-HA > FRC-HA > FRC-FA at a low molar ratio (dissolved organic carbon (DOC):Hg(Ⅱ)=400:1). The reduction of Hg(Ⅱ) by the reduced HA stopped or processed in the opposite direction at a high molar ratio (DOC:Hg(Ⅱ)=10000:1). The quantity of Hg(0) decreased with increasing HA concentration. Furthermore, as the concentrations of reduced HA and FA were increased to 5 mg·L -1 and 10 mg·L -1 , respectively, no Hg(0) was detected in the samples. The experiment of the recovery confirmed that reduced HA and FA reacted with Hg(0). Additionally, reduced HA, FA, and Hg(0) induced oxidative complexation with sulfhydryl or disulfide bonds. Reduced DOM played a dual role in Hg redox reactions, affecting the availability of active Hg, which, in turn, affected the methylation of microbial Hg.

Purpose: To study the medium or long-term survival rates of different methods used in the treatment of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary sinus (SCMS)., Methods: Patients were treated by one of the following methods: 231 patients were treated with induction chemotherapy, followed by radical resection and radiotherapy (CSR); 128 patients were treated with preoperative irradiation (RS), and 87 patients underwent adjuvant radiotherapy (RSR). A total of 446 cases of SCMS from June 1985 to December 2008 were managed with unscheduled application of the above 3 kinds of treatment options. The dose of 231 patients with CSR and 128 patients with RS was 60-70 Gy/30-35 times/5-7 week and 40-50 gy/20-25 times/4-5 week, respectively. Dose in RSR accounted for half of that in CSR. The number of cases undergoing total resection of maxilla, subtotal resection of maxilla and extended excision of maxilla were 299, 111 and 36, respectively (13 cases had orbital exenteration). The number of patients with therapeutic radical neck dissection, functional neck dissection and supraomohyoid neck dissection were 49, 73 and 56, respectively. The data was analyzed with SPSS16.0 software package., Results: Five-year survival rate in 446 cases was 45.96% (205/446), and 220 patients died of tumors, among which 84.09% (185/220) of death were due to local recurrences. The 5-year survival rate of CSR, RS, and RSR were 45.88% (106/23), 46.09% (59/128) and 45.97% (40/87), respectively; Totally 83.33% of CSR, 85.71% of RS and 83.72% of RSR died of local recurrences. There was no significant difference in the survival rates among CSR, RS and RSR., Conclusions: Unscheduled comprehensive treatment have a higher 5-year survival rate in this advanced SCMS. Elective neck irradiation and neck dissection are necessary for medium or advanced squamous cell carcinoma of maxillary sinus.

Objective: To explore BMP4 affecting the Extracts from Testudinis Carapacis et Plastri (PTE) stimulating proliferation of MSCs and the mechanism., Methods: Cotransfected PGL3-IDI and pEGFP-BMP4 of 0, 0. 1,0. 3, 0. 5 and 1 µg/mL respectively using the calcium phosphate co-precipitation method in rat MSCs. One of transfected cells were divided into control group and PTE group. PTE group was stimulated by PTE of 30 µ/L for 36 h, while control group was not. Collected cells using lucifease activity measurement to detect the activity of ID. Then 0. 3 µg/mL pEGFP-BMP4 was chose to cotransfect. MSCs was divided into control group, PTE group, BMP4 group, BMP4 + PTE group. BMP4 and BMP4 + PTE group were cotransfected with PGL3-ID1 and pEGFP-BMP4 but control or PTE groups were not. PTE and BMP4 + PTE groups were stimulated by PTE of 30 µg/mL for 36 h but the either two groups were not. The activities of ID1, BMP4 and RARα were detected using RT-PCR., Results: The expressions of ID1, BMP4 and RARa rose in PTE group. The expression of BMP4 and RARα rose while IDI decreased in BMP4 groups. BMP4, ID1 and RARα decreased remarkable in BMP4 + PTE group comparing with BMP4 group., Conclusion: PTE promotes the proliferation of MSCs, it also regulates the expression of BMP4 to prevent excessive proliferation of MSCs.

Objective: To explore the diagnostic values of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) in the patients with hilar and mediastinal masses., Methods: A total of 91 patients with mediastinal/hilar masses undergoing EBUS-TBNA in Zhongshan Hospital between September 2009 and March 2011 were retrospectively enrolled. Their unknown etiologies were difficult to be assessed by a traditional biopsy. The association of pathologic examinations and clinical data were analyzed., Results: Among them, 61 patients had malignant lesions while 30 patients were diagnosed with benign diseases. In the cases with malignant lesions, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accordance rate were 91.67%, 100% and 91.80% respectively. The diagnostic accordance rate of benign lesions was 60%. And 36.9% (24/65) of the samples were small-sized so as to improve the diagnostic accuracy. The combination of cytology and histology significantly increased the diagnostic accordance versus cytology alone in all cases (P < 0.01). But there was no statistically significant difference in the malignant lesion subgroup with a better tendency (P > 0.05). No severe complication occurred., Conclusion: With a high diagnostic accuracy and a low complication rate for the patients with hilar and mediastinal masses of unknown etiologies, EBUS-TBNA has different values for diagnosing malignant and benign lesions.

We isolated and characterized the profilin full-length cDNA from hemocytes of swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus. The profilin cDNA consists of 742 bp and the 375 bp open reading frame encodes a polypeptide of 125 amino acids, having a predicted isoelectric point of 5.87. The deduced amino acid sequence shows 42.9% amino acid sequence identity to the profilin of mosquito Anopheles gambiae. The profilin mRNA was highly expressed in hemocytes and moderately in hepatopancreas of normal crab. The higher expression of profilin mRNA is observed in crab challenged by the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus. These results suggest a potential role for profilin in pathogen host defense mechanisms.

To alleviate membrane fouling and reduce the price of membrane module, polyvinyl alcohol microsphere pre-coated dynamic membranes (PVA-MS/PCDMs) were investigated detailedly. It was prepared when the polyvinyl alcohol microsphere of the pre-coated reagent deposited on the surface and entered the pores of porous substrate common filter cloth which was low-cost by means of circulatory filtration. The morphology and structure of PVA-MS/PCDMs were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM), and approximate maximal separated aperture, water contact angle, pure water permeation resistance and relative Zeta potential of the membrance surface were also determined. The results showed that pure water permeation resistance of PVA-MS/PCDMs was between 0.64 x 10(10) m(-1) and 3.84 x 10(10) m(-1) and the approximate maximal separated aperture reached microfiltration level. The hydrophilicity of PVA-MS/PCDMs increased with increasing PVA-MS pre-coated mass. The relative Zeta potential of the PVA-MS/PCDMs, which were measured using 0.01 mol x L(-1) KCl solution, pH 8.0 +/- 0.2 and at 20 degrees C, reached a peak value of -36.4 mV with pre-coated mass of 15.7 g x m(-2) PVA-MS on the membrance surface. In addition, evolutions of PVA-MS/PCDMs flux versus time were investigated using a 4 hours short-term filtration experiment at 9.5 kPa in an SMBR and the permeability coefficient of PVA-MS/PCDMs were measured by the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) diffusion experiments. Results indicated that the PVA-MS/PCDMs presented dramatically high anti-fouling characteristics when the pre-coated mass of PVA-MS was 23.9-61.9 g x m(-2).

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of one stage anterior and posterior fusion and posterior fixation for the treatment of thoracic and lumbar spinal tuberculosis., Methods: From March 2003 to December 2006, one stage anterior and posterior fusion and posterior fixation were performed to treat 23 patients who suffered thoracic and lumbar spinal tuberculosis. There were 15 males and 8 females with an average of 37.6 years (17-61 years). 4 cases' tuberculose focus were in thoracic vertebra, 8 cases in thoracolumbar, 11 cases in lumbar., Results: The average follow up period was 28.7 months (9-40 months). The symptoms of all patients had primarily relieved and the patients can ambulate at 2-3 weeks after treatment. At the 6th after operation, the X-ray showed interbody fusion. Frankel grading of 16 patients with incomplete paraplegia were improved averagely 1.62 grades. The major complications including 2 cases of temporary sinus formation, 1 case of fixtor breaking and 1 case of recurring (owing to an inadequate postoperative chemotherapy)., Conclusion: One stage anterior and posterior fusion and posterior fixation can effectually resect focus, rebuild stability of spine, promote interbody fusion and recovery of incomplete paraplegia in treating thoracic and lumbar spinal tuberculosis.

An investigation was made on the standing vegetation and soil seed bank in desert riparian forest in lower reaches of Tarim River under effects of river-flooding. The results showed that the standing vegetation in non-flooded and flooded sites was composed of 14 species in 13 genera of 8 families, and 26 species in 21 genera of 10 families, respectively, and some shallow-rooted and hygrophilous species were recorded in flooded sites. The indices per unit area plant species number, vegetative coverage, plant density, and species diversity of the vegetation were all higher in flooded than in non-flooded sites. The species number of the soil seed bank in flooded sites was 19, with 5 species more than that in non-flooded sites, and the seed bank density in flooded sites was 2.94 times higher than that in non-flooded sites. The proportion of annual herbaceous species seeds in flooded sites increased by 23.07% while that of shrub species seeds decreased by 20.99%, compared with those in non-flooded sites, and the proportion of perennial herbaceous species seeds had less difference between these two sites. River-flooding increased the diversity of soil seed bank. In flooded and non-flooded sites, the co-occurrence species in seed bank and in standing vegetation were 18 and 9, with the similarity coefficients of species composition between soil seed bank and standing vegetation being 0.842 and 0.667, respectively.

Objective: To develop a method for the determination of matrine and oxymatrine in Kushensu injection by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS)., Method: The analysis was performed on a Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.7 microm) with the gradient elution of 10 mmol x L(-1) amine acetate (pH 8, adjusted by aqueous ammonia) and methanol. The flow rate was set as 0.30 mL x min(-1). The column temperature was maintained at 30 degrees C. The peaks were detected at 210 nm and the injection volume was 2 microL., Result: The calibration curves showed good linearity within the test ranges of 0.084-3.36 microg for matrine and 0.086-3.44 microg for oxymatrine, respectively. The mean recoveries were 103.2%, 98.7%, and the RSD were 1.5%, 1.2%, respectively., Conclusion: The established method is simple, rapid and sensitive, can be used for the quality control of matrine and oxymatrine in Kushensu injection through the manufacturing process and clinical implement.

In order to modify the membrane surface by adsorbing a precoated layer, cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol microspheres were prepared via an emulsion polymerization that PVA cross linked with glutaraldehyde which was extracted by anhydrous aether. Effects of concentration of PVA solution, the volume ratio of aqueous phase to oil phase, the selection of surface active agent (SAA) and its concentration on the stabilization of emulsion were studied. When the concentration of PVA solution was 2.7%, the volume ratio of PVA solution/n-heptane was 40:60 and the concentration of span-80 was 1.30 g/dL, the prepared microspheres contented our needs. The size of microspheres diminished with the stirring speed increasing under the condition of enough span-80. It became smaller with the accretion of an aimed cross-linking degree which has little affection on surface charge. The contact angle of PVA microspheres with distilled water showed that these microspheres were hydrophilic. Morphology of PVA microspheres were observed by SEM. The FTIR results suggested that functional groups varied with the change of aimed cross-linking degrees.

Further research was made on precoating reagents in dynamic membrane process, in which novel precoating reagent-polyvinyl alcohol microsphere (PVA-MS) was prepared through emulsive polymerization of PVA and glutaraldehyde (GA). Furthermore, polymerization mechanism and anti-fouling characteristics through adsorption of membrane major fouling substances EPS upon PVA-MS were studied. The results showed that hemiacetals reaction played a major role in emulsive polymerization process, as the quantity of hydroxyl on PVA was decreased a little, PVA-MS surface behaved good hydrophilic, and the adsorption of protein and amylose upon PVA microsphere was stable and low, which was 0.543 mg x g(-1) and 0.694 mg x g(-1) respectively. In addition, PVA-MS surface behaved electronic negativity, which acted electrostatic repulsion to active sludge floc. Upon this characteristics and data, it was concluded that membrane fouling was delayed in microscopy structure. Diameter of PVA-MS in precoating liquid was about 1.14 microm, and Zeta-potential of precoating liquid with different precoating reagent concentration was less than - 39 mV, which made PVA microsphere diffused and stable from each other, then sedimentate rapidly on porous support membrane surface and internal wall of hole path. Besides, the morphology of PVA-MS and dynamic membrane formed from PVA-MS on support membrane were observed through SEM.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of Shenfu Injection (SF) on cytokines during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in infants., Methods: Twenty-four infants with congenital heart disease, aged below three years, were randomly assigned to the control group and the SF group equally. In the SF group, 1 mL/kg of SF was given through center vein pump after center vein puncture being performed, while only normal saline was given instead in the control group. Blood sample was obtained for measurement of serum necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration by ELISA, at various time points in the process, i.e. right after anesthesia induction (T1), beginning of CPB (T2), aortic off-clamping (T3), 20 min after CPB (T4), the end of CPB (T5), and 6 h (T6) and 24 h (T7) after CPB., Results: The time for reverting to sinus heart rhythm and analepsia after CPB was shorter in the SF group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Serum concentration of TNF-a and IL-6 was equal in the two groups at T1; they increased significantly after CPB (P < 0.05), reached the peak value at T4 and reduced to the normal level at T7 in the control group. TNF-alpha concentration was significantly lower at T3, T4 and T5, and IL-6 concentration was lower at T4 in the SF group than that in the control group at corresponding time point (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: SF could shorten the time for reverting to sinus heart rhythm and analepsia after CPB in infants, and suppress the inflammatory response caused by CPB.

The rheological behaviour of the low sludge concentration liquor in MBR was investigated and made a conclusion that this liquor approximated to the Newtonian fluid while the concentration of the sludge was less than 8000 mg x L(-1). Furthermore, when the laminar flow boundary layer thickness on the surface of flat membrane came up to the thickness of precoated dynamic membrane (PDM), the steady aeration intensity was calculated by using the boundary layer theory in the Newtonian hydrodynamics. In order to ensure the stability of the pre-coated dynamic membrane bioreactor (PDMBR), oxygen supply aeration intensity was chosen to supply the best dissolved oxygen (3-5 mg x L(-1) in the initial stages and gradually increased to the steady aeration intensity. The results indicated that this mode could enhance the stability of PDM. In the experiment period (31 d), effluent COD was less than 12.48 mg x L(-1) and its average removal rate was 97.49%, NH4+ -N was less than 5.27 mg x L(-1) and its average removal rate was 76.13%, while the operational pressure just increased to 27 kPa. During the last period of the experiment, the stability of the PDMBR was studied when the aeration intensity was more than the steady aeration intensity and it was found that the precoated layer had been brushed off from the surface of common filter cloth, so this phenomenon proved that using the boundary layer theory could determine steady aeration intensity of PDMBR.

Objective: To determine the effects of the glucosidorum tripterygll totorum on the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction of cell line HL-60 in human acute promyelocytic leukemia., Methods: The survival rates of cells were tested by MTT assay, fluorescence stain, flow cytometry test, and DNA fragmentation., Results: Glucosidorum tripterygll totorum could notably reduce the survival rate of HL-60 cells, and inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 5.0 microg/ml and it arrested the cell cycle at G2/M phase (P < 0. 05). The typical apoptosis morphologic cells were seen, the rates of apoptosis cells were increased (P < 0.05), and DNA ladder appeared in the experiment group., Conclusion: Glucosidorum tripterygll totorum could notably inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of HL-60 cells.