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Based on the principle of the rich-burn/quench/lean-burn (RQL) technology, a low emission combustion chamber for gas turbine was designed. The effects of different heights of quenching structure and distribution ratios of the air flow on the flow field, temperature field, and pollutant formation characteristics of combustion chamber were studied under the premise of keeping the inlet parameters of combustion chamber unchanged. The results show that the height of quenching structure and the proportion of air distribution are important parameters affecting the combustion performance of the combustion chamber. With the decrease of the height of quenching structure, the NOx emission increases at the exit of the combustion chamber. The NOx emission from combustion chamber outlet first decreases and then increases with the decrease of the proportion of air mass flow from the main combustion hole to the fired air mass flow in oil-rich areas, and an optimal proportion of air mass flow makes the NOx minimum. The production of thermal NOx is directly related to the size of the region with a temperature higher than 1 900 K and the maximum gas temperature. The designed combustion chamber has a minimum NOx emission of less than 35 mg/m3 under the studied working conditions, which achieves the emission standard of a low pollution combustion chamber.

Cluster storage system error messages can help to optimize the availability and reliability of storage system.Previous research of storage system error analysis focuses on the local file system or a part of the cluster storage system.There is a lack of research on storage system error messages for a long-time and multi-dimension in practical applications.With the continuous integration of new functional modules,the cluster storage system is becoming more and more complex,and the errors caused by cluster storage system emerge endlessly,which brings troubles and challenges to the researcher and developer.To address the pro-blems,we conduct a comprehensive study of the Lustre system error log.By collecting the error log in 1 673 consecutive days,we study nearly 2.26 GB of Lustre error logs,analyze the characteristics and problems of the Lustre system errors in multiple Lustre versions.We show that correlated errors between different subsystems and study the possible impacting factors on different Lustre versions.We also summarize the common errors in the Lustre system and show the corresponding solutions.We derive nume-rous new insights into the Lustre system development process and report 14 findings.Finally,we collect new error logs for 333 consecutive days to verify the 14 findings and give some cases about error optimization.Experimental results show that the error optimization cases can significantly reduce the number of errors and improve the availability and stability of the system.Our results and suggestions should be useful for both the development of the cluster storage system themselves as well as the Lustre operation and maintenance.

The working condition of medium in the Tahe Oilfield sewage treatment system is complicated and harsh, and the forced current cathodic protection technology can effectively control the station corrosion, prolong the service life and improve the oil removal efficiency. Based on the research method of combining theory with practice and taking into account the relevant domestic and foreign standards and codes, the calculation method of the forced current parameters, the selection of the auxiliary anode block and the selection of the potentiostat were put forward from the aspects of design, construction and evaluation. The installation position and form of the auxiliary anode block were introduced, the key points and requirements of the construction quality control were summarized, and the field application of the forced current cathodic protection technology was analyzed and discussed. Besides, its applicability in Tahe Oilfield was analyzed from three levels: pre - application necessity analysis, field parameter determination and effect evaluation. It was proved that after applying the above - mentioned technology, the corrosion problem of sewage treatment system was effectively controlled, the safe and stable operation of the oil and gas processing system was ensured.

To make an effective correlation analysis on the factors influencing the corrosion and perforation of high sulfur associated gas pipeline in Tahe Oilfield, the pipeline flow parameters were calculated using multiphase flow transient model, and a method combining Pearson correlation coefficient with Apriori association rule mining algorithm was proposed to determine the associativity rules that affecting corrosion perforation. Results showed that the multiphase flow transient model revealed the variation laws of pipeline temperature, pressure, flow rate, and liquid holdup along the pipeline. Meanwhile, the degrees of influences of medium parameters and flow parameters on corrosion were as follow: liquid holdup (0.732) > temperature (0.696) > pressure (0.677) =CO2 partial pressure (0.677) = H2S partial pressure (0.677) > gas flow rate (0.618) = gas wall shear force (0.618) > pipe inclination (0.577). The strong correlation rules between the corrosion rate and H2S partial pressure, temperature, liquid holdup, flow rate and pipeline inclination were determined. Besides, the correctness of the association rules was further verified by the high temperature and high pressure dynamic reactor experiment.

In order to clarify the stress situation of buried elbow in a certain sulfur oil and gas field, by analyzing the stress factors of a buried elbow in this oil field, the stress parameters affecting the elbow are simulated and calculated.Results showed that the stress at the elbow increased with the increase of the operating temperature, and it presented approximately linear relationship.Under operating conditions with higher operating temperature, the stress at the elbow decreased as the operating pressure increased.Under operating conditions with lower operating temperature, the stress at the elbow increased with increasing operating pressure.Moreover, the stress at the elbow increased first and then decreased as the angle of the elbow increased.According to the change rule of the influence of various factors on the stress of the elbow, the influence factors of the comprehensive parameters of stress evaluation at the elbow were determined, and the stress risk of the elbow in the field engineering was quickly investigated.

Fibroblast (FB) has shown unprecedented potential in cosmetic and regenerative medicine. However, the limited availability and quantity of fibroblasts are bottlenecks limiting their clinical application. In this study, we use DFM, a fibroblast-induced differentiation medium designed by our laboratory, to induce the differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) into fibroblasts in vitro. The cell proliferation characteristics after induction are determined by cell counting, the expression of fibroblast-related genes is detected using qRT-PCR, and the expression of fibroblast-related proteins is measured by flow cytometry. In addition, the migration ability of induced cells is determined by scratch tests. Based on these data, a comprehensive evaluation system for cell differentiation efficiency is established. The results show that the expansion folds of total cells in the induction medium DFM are significantly higher than those in the control group; The expression of fibroblast-related genes such as VIM (vimentin), LN (laminin), and FSP-1 (fibroblast-specific protein 1), as well as the expression of fibroblast-related proteins (including VIM, LN, and FSP-1) are significantly up-regulated in comparison with those in the control group. The migration ability of induced cells is also significantly enhanced in comparison with the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the psychological experience and needs of female caregivers of stroke patients in rehabilitation period. Methods The phenomenological research method was used to conduct semi-structured interviews with 12 female caregivers of stroke patients. Results Based on the real experience of female caregivers during stroke rehabilitation period, four themes were extracted, including imbalance in physical and mental health, coping with multiple roles, insufficient of nursing information acquisition and lack of social support. Conclusion The feelings of female caregivers of patients in stroke rehabilitation stage are multi-dimensional, suggesting that we should pay attention to the mental health of female caregivers and guide them to seek positive coping styles, so as to provide better care for the rehabilitation of stroke patients. (目的 探讨脑卒中康复期患者的女性照顾者的照顾心理体验及需求。方法 采用现象学研究方法, 对12例脑卒中康复期患者的女性照顾者进行半结构式访谈, 采用质性研究的类属法进行整理和分析。结果 根据脑卒中康复期女性照顾者的真实体验提炼出4个主题: 身心健康失衡、多重角色应对失调、护理信息获取不足、社会支持缺乏。结论 脑卒中康复期患者的女性照顾者的感受呈现多维度, 提示应关注女性照顾者的心理健康, 引导其寻求积极的应对方式, 进而为脑卒中患者的康复提供更好的照护。)

In this study, the potato whole flour was added to wheat flour with wheat gluten was auxiliary added to make potato noodle. Three groups of the potato powder noodles with different total flour content were studied from three levels: texture characteristics, microstructure and physicochemical properties of noodles. It was found that the potato powder had a certain effect on the mechanical properties of dough, the formation and structure of gluten network, and the cooking parameters and appearance of noodles. The results showed that the overall index was the best when the total amount of the potato powder was 20% (g/g)and the amount of gluten was 0.03% (g/g). It was also found that the effect of the potato powder on dough was bidirectional. The effect of the potato starch on the dough was negative, but the polysaccharides and protein in the potato powder may have a positive effect on the dough and gluten network. At the same time,the addition of wheat gluten can improve the stability of dough and the quality of noodles.

[Purpose/Significance] Basic academic libraries play an important role in popularizing and promoting digital humanities (DH) in the whole ecosystem. The analysis of their development space is helpful to the construction and development of the digital humanistic ecosystem. [Method/Process] A semi-structured interview was conducted with 13 humanities scholars and 4 library managers to find out their awareness, understanding and demand of DH and their views on the position of basic academic libraries in the digital humanistic ecosystem. On this basis, this paper probes into the current situation and development strategies of DH in basic academic libraries. [Results/Conclusions] The development of DH in basic academic libraries has received less attention and does not match the huge demand for DH due to the shortage of funds, resources and technologies, the access of digital human resources is basically dependent on external open channels, and the digital and human foundations of digital human development are weak. In these cases, this paper puts forward three development strategies: strengthening the cooperation among basic academic libraries, strengthening the construction of quality cultivation systems of DH, and winning the support of the state and relevant institutions for DH services.

The urbanization has been changing the pattern of land use, and at the same time has affected the amount of carbon stored in the carbon pools of terrestrial ecosystem so that the ecosystem' s regulating power has been declined, which is directly related to the supply of urban ecosystem service values, and the land use planning. Therefore, for the purpose of sustainable development in the process of urban development, it is of great significance to make clear the spatio-temporal changes of ecosystem carbon storage and the evolution of land use; however, in current relevant studies, a single land use/cover (LULC) dataset is usually used to estimate carbon stocks, so that the results of those studies come to be rather uncertain. Hence, in this study the integrated valuation model of ecosystem services and the trade-offs (InVEST) model are utilized, combining with the multiple commonly-used LULC datasets, to explore the impact of dataset selection on carbon stock estimation and land use type evolution in a typical city, e.g., Chongqing City, in order to better reflect the spatial and temporal changes in carbon stocks and the type of land use evolution during the city' s urban development. As a result, the study presents that the LULC change in Chongqing over the past 10 years is rather severe than before, and a large amount of cultivated land shifted to forest land or construction land, and compared with the years 2000-2010, during 2010-2020 the average area of cultivated land transferred to construction land is more than 400 km²; the carbon storage estimated by different datasets varies slightly, and the estimated storage was between 972.08~1 069.70 Tg C (1012 g C), the closer the area to the main city zone, the more remarkable decline in carbon storage, and the carbon storage of the main city zone decreased by (2.8±0.6) Tg C during the past 20 years. In addition, the study reveals that in the process of rapid urban development, the evolution of land use pattern rather accelerated, so more attention should be paid to ecological environmental protection, strictly adhering to the red line of land use. Summarily, the achievement of the study could offer a data support for urban land resource management, being conducive to formulating more scientific land resource management planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a fuel cladding materials of the nuclear reactor, water side corrosion and hydrogen absorption generated in zirconium alloys which due to the embrittlement of matrix and hydrogen induced delayed cracking. The hydride phases, hydride orientation and the effect of hydride orientation on mechanical properties of zirconium alloys were reviewed. The crystallographic orientation relationship between α-Zr matrix and hydrides(γ and δ), the effect of texture, Q value, stress and annealing temperature on hydride orientation, the effect of hydride orientation on mechanical properties of zirconium alloy were primarily discussed. Meanwhile, the current problems were analyzed, for example, the mechanism of hydride orientation was not clear, the mechanism of hydride stress reorientation was controversial, etc. It was pointed out that the hydride orientation, crystallographic orientation relationship between hydrides and Zr matrix, hydride stress reorientation in Zr alloys require further investigation. Furthermore, the research on the hydrides in domestic new type high performance Zr alloy needs to be carried out.

Objective To investigate the expression of TKTL1 (transketolase-like protein 1) gene and its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma.Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the TKTL1 protein levels in 45 human tongue cancer specimens and matched normal tissues.Results The positive expression ratio of TKTL1 protein in tongue squamous carcinoma tissues (68.89%) was significantly higher than that in normal tissues (15.56%), and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=26.235, P0.05), however it was associated with TNM staging and lymph node metastasis (P

The water delivery of pipelines in mountainous areas is faced with problems such as large elevation difference and high water head. In order to meet the downstream water use requirements, energy dissipation and pressure reduction measures need to be set in the downstream area. At present, the most economical and practical measure is orifice energy dissipation. The orifice plate has simple structure, low manufacturing cost, high energy dissipation rate and can well meet the working requirements. Thus it is more and more widely used in throttling and pressure reduction. There are many studies on single orifice and multi-stage orifice plates, but there are too few studies on porous orifice plates. In order to explore the changes of flow field characteristics and energy dissipation rate after setting porous orifice in pressurized pipeline, global structured grid and global unstructured grid are adopted for comparative analysis in this paper. In addition, pressure-based type and transient is adopted in the solver setup. So as to truly reflect the flow characteristics, gravity is considered. Besides, the Realizable k-ε model is used to simulate the flow field and energy dissipation rate of five different types of orifice plates and the wall function method are used to deal with the boundary conditions. The results show that: The results of using global unstructured grid and the Realizable k-ε model are in good agreement with the experimental results, and the maximum relative error is 6.81%. The research on the flow field characteristics behind different porous orifice plates shows that when the water flows through the orifice plate, the flow movement state changes under the influence of its narrow flow. After passing through the orifice plate, the pressure decreases rapidly, and a vortex area is formed in the back, and the length of the reflux area formed by different types of orifice plates is different. Research findings on energy dissipation rate of different porous orifice plates shows that the energy dissipation rate of porous orifice is closely related to the opening rate and Re. The smaller the opening rate is, the better the energy dissipation effect is, The highest energy dissipation rate is 97.1%; The dissipation rate increases rapidly with the increase of the Re and then slowly increases, The maximum increase is 7%. Through dimensional analysis and curve fitting, the empirical formula of energy dissipation rate of porous plate is obtained, The relative error between the calculated value and the measured value is controlled within ± 6%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract:In the fields of scientific computing, big data processing, and artificial intelligence, it is very important to study the relevant application load, analyze the load I/O pattern to reveal the application load change law, etc., which is very important to guide the performance optimization of the cluster storage system. At present, there are many kinds of applications and the applications are updated rapidly and iteratively. The complex environment makes the feature mining of application load full of challenges. To address the above problems, we collected the application log information of five Lustre cluster storages in the production environment for 326 days, explored and analyzed the access and load charateristics of the application load, and verified and supplemented the existing observations. Through horizontal, vertical, and multi-dimensional comparative analysis and information mining of the application log information, we summarize four findings, explore the relationship between the relevant findings and previous research work, and then combine the actual production environment with the corresponding system optimization strategies. Feasible implementation schemes are given, which provide relevant references and suggestions for users, maintainers, upper application developers, multi-tier storage system designers, and other personnel. At the same time, because of the complex practical application environment and time-consuming work of system optimization, a system automation optimization framework (SAOF) is designed and implemented. SAOF can provide functions such as resource reservation and bandwidth limitation for specified application loads. Preliminary tests show that SAOF can provide automatic QoS guarantees for different tasks according to system resources and task load requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The basic structure,types,properties and future research directions of polyamide thermoplastic elastomer are reviewed,and the synthesis method of polyamide thermoplastic elastomer is emphasized. The synthetic methods of polyamide thermoplastic elastomers mainly include the following: dibasic acid synthesis method, isocyanate synthesis method, anionic polymerization synthesis method, one-step synthesis method, transesterification method, dynamic vulcanization process. For each synthesis method, the existing problems are explained separately, and solutions to the corresponding problems are proposed. As a new type of thermoplastic elastomer, polyamide elastomer has excellent physical and chemical properties, such as good flexibility, high tensile strength, high low-temperature impact resistance, chemical resistance and weather resistance, and easy processing molding, applicable to various fields, is a major mainstream of thermoplastic elastomers in the future. At present, my country's demand for polyamide elastomers is increasing year by year,but the domestic industrialization of the elastomers has not yet been popularized. Therefore, it is of great value to develop a green, environmentally friendly and industrialized synthetic process in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-incompatibility (SI) refers to the characteristic that the pistil of a plant can recognize its own pollen and allogeneic pollen so as to inhibit the germination of its own pollen. PUB (Plant U-Box) proteins play an important role in plant stress resistance and signal transduction. In this study, through the analysis of stigma transcriptome data of Brassica oleracea self-pollination at 0-60 minute(s), a PUB protein coding gene BoPUB9 was screened and up-regulated by self-pollination. The BoPUB9 cDNA sequence was 1368 bp, gDNA of 1720 bp in length, containing one arm repeat domain and one U-box domain. The relative expression levels showed that BoPUB9 gene was expressed in different tissues of Brassica oleracea, and the relative expression level was the highest in sepals, followed by petals, stamens and stigmas, and relatively lower in pollen buds, which was consistent with the results of GUS staining. The relative expression level of BoPUB9 gene was up-regulated rapidly in self-pollination 0-30 minute(s), the expression level after 15 min was more than 20 times that after cross-pollination, and the difference was the biggest after 30 min, the expression level after self-pollination was more than 40 times that after cross-pollination. Subcellular localization revealed that BoPUB9 protein was expressed in both nucleus and cytoplasm, and BoPUB9 protein was successfully induced in E. coli, and the relative molecular weight of 51 kD was consistent with the predicted results. The results of yeast two-hybrid and poll-down indicated that the intracellular domain of SRK interacted with PUB9 protein. It was speculated that BoPUB9 might be a novel gene involved in the process of self-incompatibility in Brassica oleracea, which providing a new content for further research and utilization of self-incompatibility in Brassica oleracea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rare Metal Materials & Engineering is the property of Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Valve-closing analysis is used to obtain the optimal valve-closing scheme in maintenance of water distribution networks, which is significant for water supply security. A new pipeline analysis model, unit-valve graph, is presented based on the traditional node-link graph model, which has much less features and concise topology. As a pseudo-dual graph of the original node-link graph, the unit-valve graph classifies the network regions isolated by valves as vertexes, and takes valves as edges. An efficient isolated unit constructing algorithm is designed based on the node-link graph, which helps to build the unit-valve graph. Further more, an efficient valve closing algorithm based on the unit-valve graph is developed. Experimental results show that the new algorithm has a remarkable advantage in terms of efficiency compared with the traditional algorithm and get a correct valve closing scheme even in the case of multi point construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using low temperature gasification, many kinds of biomass materials can be transformed into a gaseous mixture. This gaseous mixture includes combustible and incombustible gases. If the concentration of an individual component could be controlled, there is a possibility of using the gaseous mixture to fuel the internal combustion engine and finally to generate electricity. Furthermore, the utilizing of biomass fuel as an energy resource of internal combustion engine leads to a decrease in the emission of CO2, NOX, SOX, and particulate matters into the atmosphere. The components of biogas vary with the reactants and the reaction conditions. However, they usually include hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO), CH4, carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen (N2), and some other hydrocarbons. Under many conditions, the main components of biogas are CH4 and H2, as well as incombustible component CO2. Some researchers have carried out experimental researches to introduce the design and construction of internally circulating fluidized-bed gasifier (ICFG), to investigate the feasibility of gasifying manure compost using ICFG, and to evaluate the effects of pressure balance, reaction temperature, and steam ratio on the performance of the gasifier. The temperature conditions of the experiments were between 600°C and 700°C The results showed that the concentration of the components varied much with the reaction conditions. Different fuel components led to a different influence on combustion. Hydrogen has a much faster combustion velocity than CH4. As a result, combustion happens quickly with the increase in hydrogen composition in the fuel mixture. Meanwhile, carbon dioxide is an inert gas. It could cause an extinguishing of the flame if the composition of CO2 is too high. However, it is very difficult to avoid carbon dioxide in biogas. Moreover, the presence of CO2 leads to less input energy in fuel mixtures. Therefore, the combustion temperature will decrease. As a result, NOx emission will decrease. Since the influences of hydrogen and carbon dioxide on combustion are different, and the presence of CO2 also has benefits on engine performance, it is necessary to find out the balance point between combustion and exhaust emissions of the internal combustion engine which is fueled with the mixture of hydrogen, CH4 and carbon dioxide. And the main objective of the work in this paper is to research the influence of fuel components on engine operation stability. The experimental researches of engine operation stability were carried out based on a small-sized spark ignition engine fueled with simulated biogas, which includes hydrogen, CH4, and carbon dioxide. The influences of equivalence ratio, H2 concentration and CO2 concentration on combustion stability were investigated under wide opening throttle valve (WOT) and maximum brake torque (MBT) conditions. The results showed that engine operation stability was strongly influenced by fuel composition. Under low H2 concentration conditions, CO2 concentration played a dominant effect on combustion stability, and its increasing could induce the increase in cyclic variation and the occurrence of partial burn. However, under high H2 concentration, the effect of CO2 concentration on combustion gradually weakened. By adjusting fuel composition, the operation stability of biogas engines can be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Influence factors of somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration for cassava Xinxuan 048 were investigated preliminarily in order to lay the foundation for genetic transformation and variety improvement of cassava . [Method] Taking different explants viz. fully expanded leaf, axillary buds apex , young petiole , and the top , base , margin, middle and whole of fully expanded leaf as experimental materials, the somatic embryogenesis and callus of cassava were induced, and the effects of 6 - BA (0.01 , 0.05 , 0.10, 0.50 and 1.00 mg/L) on somatic embryo plantlet regeneration were investigated. [Result] All different explants could induce callus with 48.30%-100.00% of induction rate, while the induced callus presented different growing status. In MS medium adding 12 mg/L picloram, 20.0 g/L sucrose, and 6.5 g/L agar, the axillary buds could induce primary somatic embryo, its induction rate (22.22%) was the highest, and the average of generating embryo was 5.85. The young petiole, unfully expanded leaf or fully expanded leaf and its different parts were unconducive to the induction of somatic embryo being very low induction rate (0 - 5.00%) . With the increasing of 6-BA dosage in MS medium, the mature rate of somatic embryo was continuously increasing (81.3%-100.0%). While in MS medium supplemented with 0.01 mg/L 6 - BA and 0.02 mg/L NAA, the plantlet regeneration rate of matured somatic embryo displayed the changing trend of increasing firstly and decreasing later, and its reached the highest (21.8%) as adding 0.10 mg/L 6-BA in MS medium, the cotyledon also grew normally. All induced plantlet regeneration could generate roots in rooting medium of 1/3MS+0.02 mg/L NAA, and also grew normally in mixed medium of sand and topsoil. % Conclusion ]The cassava variety Xinxuan 048 could obtain regenerated plantlet through somatic embryogenesis, however its embryogenesis rate and regeneration rate are lower, and its related influence factors should be made further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whether the content and composition of soil humus in pure forest change due to its simple component of litter and specificity of single-species dominant community is a key problem for forest sustainable management. In this study, soils from 6 kind of pure forests in semi-arid low-hilly area of Inner Mongolia were collected and their humus and other biochemical properties were measured to investigate the differentiation of soil humus and the impact factors. The results showed that the soil of Picea asperata and Betula platyphylla pure forests had the highest contents of humus and better condensation degrees and stabilities, followed by that of Populus simonii, Larix principis-rupprechtii and Ulmus pumila pure forests, while the soil of Pinus tabuliformis pure forest had the lowest content of humus, condensation degree and stability. There were significant positive correlations between soil microorganism biomass, activity of phosphatase and the content and stability of soil humus. In contrast, the soil peroxidate, dehydrogenase activity and soil humus content showed significant negative correlations with each other. Furthermore, the enhancement of dehydrogenase activity might decrease the stability of humus. There were significant positive correlations between available N and the content and stability of soil humus, but total Cu, Zn and Fe had negative correlations with them, and total Cu and Fe might reduce the stability of humus as well. The particularity of pure forest environment and litter properties might be the key inducement to soil humus differentiation, thus reforming the pure forest through mixing with other tree species or planting understory vegetation would be the fundamental way to improve the soil humus composition and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]Fruit, seed and embryo development of three cassava varieties(lines) planting in Guangxi was investigated and immature embryo was cultured in vitro in order to provide references for cassava hybridization breeding in Guangxi. [Method]After natural pollination in open, about 200 fruits of 3 cassava varieties(lines) viz., NZ199, SC5 and J393 were collected in November to investigate and measure fruits, seeds and embryo traits, and conduct correlation analysis. Young embryo was used for mature culture, plantlet inducing culture, multiplication culture and rooting culture, and maturing ratio and survival ratio of transplant were calculated. [Result]The collected fruits of 3 cassava varieties(lines)was at different developmental stages, and their seed coat color could be classified into 6 types of black(A), brown(B), brownish yellow(C), yellow with black spots at top(D), yellow(E) and white(F). Less than 3 seeds were found in different fruit types. When A, B and C types of seed coat color were found in3 cassava varieties(lines), the fruits were charactered by heavier weight, longer diameter, and better development of embryo;their average embryo length were 6.53-8.40, 7.31-8.28 and 4.50-7.10 mm, respectively. Except for A and B types of seed coat color in NZ199, the embryo length of 3 cassava varieties(lines) was found to elongate with seed coat color getting deep, which presented as follows:A B C D E F. The embryo length ranged from 0 to10.66 mm. The visible embryo rate in different varieties was found to be NZ199SC5J393.SC5 and NZ199 presented the highest visible embryo rate(66.7% and 94.2%) in C type seed coat color, and they decreased to 61.9%and 80.6% in B type seed coat color. In A type seed coat color, the visible embryo rate of SC5 reduced to59.9%, while that of NZ199 increased to 85.2%. The visible embryo rate of J393 was 50.1% in D type seed coat color, and 48.8% and 41.0% in C and B type seed coat color, respectively, while the highest one(68.2%) was found in A type seed coat color. As to 3 cassava cultivars(lines), fruit weight was very significantly correlated with fruit diameter and visible embryo rate, and embryo length was significantly corre lated with fruit weight and diameter. For young embryo in vitro culture, the maturation rate of embryo was 89.3%, the plantlet inducing rate was 62.7%, and the transplanting survival rate was 71.9%. [Conclusion]The same fruit of three cassava cultivars(lines) or different seeds with same developmental stage present unsynchronized development of embryo under environmental condition of Guangxi. The embryo size could be judged by fruit weight and diameter of cassava. The young embryo in seed coat with brownish yellow or yellow with black spots at top was suitable for in vitro culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evacuation in an emergency is a complex behavior. When evacuation individuals are intelligent agents, an intelligent decision-making model is necessary to describe such a behavior. This paper elaborates how a modular model based on cellular automation is constructed with the advantages of information expression of cellular automation and behavioral expression of robots. The description of evacuation is realized through the assembly of such modules as evacuation time model, direction selection model and passage attraction model. When the model is used for describing the evacuation process of a hypermarket, the analog simulation and the data analysis show that it is effective in the descriptions of individual and group evacuations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate the impact of combined treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) with electroacupuncture (EA) and capeOX (combined administration of fluorouracil, oxaliplatin and capecitabine) on the tumor volume, weight, spleen coefficient, apoptosis and ferroptosis of tumor tissue, and liver and kidney functions in nude mice with CRC, so as to explore its mechanisms underlying inhibiting CRC and alleviating toxic reactions of capeOX., Methods: Female Balb/c nude mice were randomly assigned to 3 groups：model, capeOX, and EA+capeOX, with 8 nude mice in each group. The CRC model was established by subcutaneous injection of colon cancer cells at the right inguinal region. Nude mice of the capeOX group received intraperitoneal injection of oxaliplatin for 1 day and gavage of capecitabine from day 2 to day 7. EA (1 mA, 2 Hz/100 Hz) was applied to bilateral "Zusanli" (ST36) for 20 min, once daily for 7 days. During the interven-tion, the tumor volume and weight were measured every day, and at the end of intervention, the weight of the tumor tissue and spleen were measured, with tumor volume difference and spleen coefficient calculated. The proportion of apoptotic cells was measured by flow cytometry, and the contents of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), alanine aninotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (Cr) were detected using ELISA. The expression level of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4, a key regulator for ferroptosis) protein of the tumor tissue was determined using Western blot., Results: Compared to the model group, both the capeOX group and EA+capeOX group showed a decrease in the tumor volume (on day 3 and 4 in the capeOX group, and from day 2 to 7 in the EA+capeOX group) and body weight ( P <0.05, on day 3 to 7 in the EA+capeOX group and on day 2 to 7 in the capeOX group), being evidently lower in the tumor volume on day 7 in the EA+capeOX than in the capeOX group ( P <0.05), and evidently higher in the body weight on day 6 and 7 in the EA+capeOX group than in the capeOX group ( P <0.05). In comparison with the model group, the tumor volume difference, tumor weight and spleen coefficient in both capeOX and EA+capeOX groups were significantly decreased ( P <0.05), and MDA content in EA+capeOX group was significantly decreased ( P <0.05), while the contents of ALT, BUN and Cr in the capeOX group, the proportion of apoptotic cells in both capeOX and EA+capeOX groups, and the GPX4 expression level in the EA+capeOX group were all significantly increased ( P <0.05). The tumor volume difference, tumor weight, and contents of MDA, ALT, AST, BUN and Cr in the EA+capeOX group were markedly lower than in the capeOX group ( P <0.05), while the spleen coefficient, proportion of apoptotic cells and GPX4 expression level in the EA+capeOX group were markedly higher than those in the capeOX group ( P <0.05)., Conclusions: EA of ST36 can enhance the effect of capeOX in inhibiting colorectal cancer growth in nude mice with CRC, which may be related with its functions in promoting tumor cell apoptosis, inhibiting ferroptosis, and modulating immune tolerance. In addition, EA can lower the side effects of capeOX in hematopoietic and immune, liver, and kidney functions.

Objective: To assess the efficiency of modified enrichment method for cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) through purified superparamagnetic beads during non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT)., Methods: A total of 26 252 pregnant women undergoing NIPT at the Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Haidian District from December 2017 to September 2022 were recruited and randomly assigned into the conventional group (n = 10 573) and the modified enrichment group (n = 15 679), who were then subjected to the screening and enrichment of the cffDNA using a conventional and a modified technique, respectively. High-risk pregnant women detected by NIPT were subjected to invasive prenatal diagnosis. All women were followed up for their pregnancy outcomes, and the detection efficacy of the two methods was compared in terms of fragment size, concentration of cffDNA, duplicate detection rate, and indices of clinical laboratory tests., Results: The fragment size of the main peak of the cell-free DNA library of the modified enrichment group was significantly lower than that of the conventional group [267 (264, 269) bp vs. 294 (292, 296) bp, P < 0.01], while the concentration of cffDNA was significantly higher [21.86% (17.61%, 26.36%) vs. 9.08% (6.87%, 11.87%), P < 0.01]. In addition, the duplicate detection rate (0.740% vs. 2.02%, X 2 = 83.90, P < 0.01) and detection failure rate (0.006% vs. 0.057%, P < 0.05) in the modified enrichment group were significantly lower than those of the conventional group. The combined positive predictive value (PPV) in both high-risk (64.3% vs. 76.1%) and low-risk (35.3% vs. 45.5%) pregnant women from the modified enrichment group was slightly lower than those from the conventional group, though no significant difference was detected. There was one false negative case for trisomy 21 among the high-risk pregnant women from the conventional group, and no false negative case was found in the modified enrichment group., Conclusion: The modified technique to screen and enrich the cffDNA has significantly enhanced the relative concentration of cffDNA and reduced the failure and duplication detection rate of NIPT, which has significantly reduced the incidence of false negative cases due to the low concentration of cffDNA, and greatly increased the overall detection efficacy of NIPT.

Modernization of Chinese medicine is an important development direction of traditional Chinese medical sciences. It is of great significance to understand the mechanism of Chinese medicine with basic research, which can also accelerate the development and utilization of Chinese medicine. Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is one of the most commonly used Chinese medicines in China for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. It has received key and extensive attention worldwide in the following aspects: main active ingredients and their pharmacological mechanism, function and regulation of their biosynthetic pathway and application of their synthetic biology as well as the clinical preparations. The new and developing chemical analysis, network pharmacology, molecular pharmacognosy and omics make the modernization research of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma comprehensive and in-depth. This study systematically reviewed the modernization research of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, which focused on its pharmacological effects, preparation research, biosynthesis and regulation mechanism of the active ingredients, and expected to exert the model role of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in the research of Chinese medicine.

Objective: To study the effects of miR-99b-5p (non-coding RNA) in alleviating pathological neuropathic pain after paclitaxel chemotherapy by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammatory vesicle activation and the effects on neuronal cells pyrosis and apoptosis., Methods: SD rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, agomiR-99b-5P treatment group, and agomiR-NC group, 6 rats in each group. The blank group received saline treatment as a control, the model group established a pain model induced by paclitaxel, and the rats in agomiR-99b-5p treatment group and agomiR-NC group were treated with agomiR-99b-5p and agomiR-NC injections, respectively. The expressions of miR-99b-5p in the blank group, model group, and treatment group were detected by RT-qPCR. The mechanical foot retraction threshold (MWT) of the blank group, model group, and treatment group were detected. TUNEL was used to detect the apoptosis of spinal dorsal horn cells. The levels of ROS, MDA, and SOD were detected by ELISA kits. The protein expressions of NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β were detected by immunofluorescence staining., Results: Compared with the model group, the expression level of miR-99b-5p and the MWT were increased significantly in agomiR-99b-5p treatment group ( P ＜0.05), the apoptosis of dorsal horn cells was inhibited ( P ＜0.05), the level of antioxidant stress was increased in rats, the levels of ROS and MDA were decreased ( P ＜0.05), while the level of SOD was increased ( P ＜0.05). Immunofluorescence showed that the expressions of NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β were inhibited by miR-99b-5p., Conclusion: miR-99b-5p can alleviate the apoptosis and pyroptosis of neurons after paclitaxel chemotherapy by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 and improving oxidative stress in vivo.

Objective: To investigate the effects of different bone cement morphology distribution on the clinical efficacy of unilateral percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP) for spinal osteoporotic fractures., Methods: The clinical data of 66 patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures received unilateral PVP treatment from January 2019 to April 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 16 males and 50 females, including 83 vertebral bodies, 45 thoracic vertebrae and 38 lumbar vertebrae, and 55 patients with single-segment, 6 double-segment, 4 three-segment and 1 four-segment. The age ranged from 60 to 93 years with an average of (76.83±8.65) years. The included patients were admitted to hospital 1 to 10 days after onset, and were diagnosed by anteroposterior and lateral X-rays, MRI and bone density examination before surgery. According to the shape of bone cement in postoperative X-ray, the patients were divided into O-shaped group (28 cases) and H-shaped group (38 cases). In O-shaped group, the bone cement presented agglomeration mass distribution in the affected vertebra in postoperative X-ray while the bone cement presented disseminated honeycomb distribution in the affected vertebrae in H-shaped group. Bone cement injection volume was collected in two groups. The intraoperative bone cement leakage and postoperative adjacent vertebral fractures were observed. The VAS of the two groups before operation and 1 day, 1 month, 6 months and 1 year after operation were compared;and ODI of the two groups 1 day, 6 months and 1 year after operation were compared. The kyphosis angle and anterior height of the affected vertebrae were measured before operation and 1 week, 1 year after operation., Results: All 66 patients completed 1-year follow-up, and all patients healed well at the puncture site after surgery. There were 1 case and 8 cases of bone cement leakage in O-shaped group and H-shaped group during surgery respectively ( P <0.05), but no serious complications occurred. One case occurred adjacent vertebral fracture in both groups during one-year follow-up ( P >0.05). There was no statistical significance in injection amount of bone cement between the two groups ( P >0.05). The VAS scores of O-shaped group and H-shaped group were 7.89±0.79, 2.75±1.08, 0.46±0.58, 0.36±0.49 and 8.00±1.04, 2.58±1.15, 0.53±0.56, 0.42±0.50 before operation, 1 day, 6 months, 1 year after operation respectively, and there was no statistical significance( P >0.05), and the VAS scores were 0.96±0.58 and 1.18±0.83 at 1 month after operation respectively, with statistical significance( P <0.05). The ODI scores of O-shaped group and H-shaped group were 12.43±3.78, 10.00±2.46, 8.43±1.50 and 12.11±3.68, 9.53±2.35, 8.32±1.51 at 1 day, 6 months and 1 year after surgery respectively, and there was no statistical significance between the two groups( P >0.05). There were no statistical significance in kyphotic angles and anterior height before surgery and 1 week, 1 year after surgery between two groups ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: No matter the distribution of bone cement is O-shape or H-shape, it can achieve good clinical effect, and the prognosis effect is equivalent. Therefore, when performing unilateral puncture PVP surgery, it is not necessary to deliberately increase the puncture angle of the puncture needle in order to achieve the full diffusion of the affected vertebrae, so as to reduce the risk of damaging important structures and bone cement leakage.

Objective: To explore the clinical feasibility of applying deep learning (DL) reconstruction algorithm in low-dose thin-slice liver CT examination of healthy volunteers by comparing the reconstruction algorithm based on DL, filtered back projection (FBP) reconstruction algorithm and iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithm., Methods: A standard water phantom with a diameter of 180 mm was scanned, using the 160 slice multi-detector CT scanning of United Imaging Healthcare, to compare the noise power spectrums of DL, FBP and IR algorithms. 100 healthy volunteers were prospectively enrolled, with 50 assigned to the normal dose group (ND) and 50 to the low dose group (LD). IR algorithm was used in the ND group to reconstruct images, while DL, FBP and IR algorithms were used in the LD group to reconstruct images. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the liver CT values, the liver noise, liver signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast noise ratio (CNR) and figure of merit (FOM) of the images of ND-IR, LD-FBP, LD-IR and LD-DL. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyse subjective scores of anatomical structures., Results: The DL algorithm had the lowest average peak value of noise power spectrum, and its shape was similar to that of medium-level IR algorithm. Liver CT values of ND-IR, LD-FBP, LD-IR and LD-DL did not show statistically significant difference. The noise of LD-DL was lower than that of LD-FBP, LD-IR and ND-IR ( P <0.05), and the SNR, CNR and FOM of LD-DL were higher than those of LD-FBP, LD-IR and ND-IR ( P <0.05). The subjective scores of anatomical structures of LD-DL did not show significant difference compared to those of ND-IR ( P >0.05), and were higher than those of LD-FBP and LD-IR. The radiation dose of the LD group was reduced by about 50.2% compared with that of the ND group., Conclusion: The DL algorithm with noise shape similar to the medium iterative grade IR commonly used in clinical practice showed higher noise reduction ability than IR did. Compared with FBP, the DL algorithm had smoother noise shape, but much better noise reduction ability. The application of DL algorithm in low-dose thin-slice liver CT of healthy volunteers can help achieve the standard image quality of liver CT., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Objective: To assess the clinical effectiveness of boundary recognition of upper abdomen organs on CT images based on neural network model and the combination of different slices., Methods: A total of 2 000 patients who underwent upper abdomen enhanced CT scans from March 2018 to March 2019 were included in the study. The quality of the CT images met the requirements for clinical diagnosis. Eight boundary layers (the upper and lower edge of liver, the upper and lower edge of spleen, the lower edge of left kidney, the lower edge of right kidney, the lower edge of the stomach and the lower edge of the gallbladder) of the main organs in the upper abdomen were labeled. The model training (training set, verification set and test set) based on different neural network methods and combinations of different slices were then performed to assess the accuracy of boundary recognition. Furthermore, clinical data from 50 cases were used as test group for assessing the accuracy and clinical effectiveness of this model., Results: The fusion model created by integrating the two models according to different weight ratios yielded the highest accuracy, and then followed the EfficientNet-b3 model, with the Xception model showing the lowest accuracy. In each model, the boundary recognition accuracy of 5-slice image is higher than that of 3-silce image, and that of 1-slice image is the lowest. The recognition accuracy of fusion model of the 5-continuous-slice image for upper edge of liver, lower edge of liver, upper edge of spleen, lower edge of spleen, lower edge of left kidney, lower edge of right kidney, lower edge of stomach and lower edge of gallbladder was 91%, 87%, 92%, 85%, 92%, 95%, 76% and 74%, respectively. The fusion model was checked with the effectiveness data of 50 cases, yielding 88%, 86%, 88%, 80%, 82%, 80%, 69%, and 65% accuracy for 8-slice image, respectively, and the accuracy of meeting clinical application requirement was as high as 98%, 98%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 98%, 80% and 77%, respectively., Conclusion: By increasing boundary change logics in the continuous slices, the fusion model integrating different weight proportions demonstrates the highest accuracy for identifying the boundary of upper abdominal organs on CT images, achieving high examination effectiveness in clinical practice., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Objective: To evaluate the noise reduction effect of deep learning-based reconstruction algorithms in thin-section chest CT images by analyzing images reconstructed with filtered back projection (FBP), adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR), and deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) algorithms., Methods: The chest CT scan raw data of 47 patients were included in this study. Images of 0.625 mm were reconstructed using six reconstruction methods, including FBP, ASIR hybrid reconstruction (ASIR50%, ASIR70%), and deep learning low, medium and high modes (DL-L, DL-M, and DL-H). After the regions of interest were outlined in the aorta, skeletal muscle and lung tissue of each group of images, the CT values, SD values and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the regions of interest were measured, and two radiologists evaluated the image quality., Results: CT values, SD values and SNR of the images obtained by the six reconstruction methods showed statistically significant difference ( P <0.001). There were statistically significant differences in the image quality scores of the six reconstruction methods ( P <0.001). Images reconstruced with DL-H have the lowest noise and the highest overall quality score., Conclusion: The model based on deep learning can effectively reduce the noise of thin-section chest CT images and improve the image quality. Among the three deep-learning models, DL-H showed the best noise reduction effect., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

The volatile organic compound (VOC) emission characteristics of various production procedures were analyzed through GC-MS after the emissions of typical enterprises such as automobile manufacturing, petrochemical, and other industries had been sampled with SUMMA canisters. Each production procedure in the automobile manufacturing and petrochemical industries was considered. The results showed that each automobile manufacturing procedure had its own dominant species, and alkanes (32%) and aromatics (35%) were the main emission species of coating spraying. The emission characteristics of furniture manufacturing were highly correlated with the raw materials, and the VOC emission species were mainly composed of aromatics (50%) and oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) (38%). As for the petrochemical industry, VOC concentrations in various process plant areas ranged from 49 μg·m -3 to 1387 μg·m -3 . As the main products of the refining area were C 5 -C 9 gasoline and benzene series, whereas comparatively more solvents were used in the chemical area, which would generate alkene products, VOC concentrations greatly differed in the various process plant areas. In terms of electronic manufacturing, OVOCs were the main emission species, accounting for more than 50% of total VOCs. Alkanes and OVOCs were the main contributors to VOC emissions in shoemaking, accounting for 52% and 36% on average, respectively, which was strongly related to the species of the used solvents. The VOC emission species of automobile manufacturing were quite different, predominantly including n-dodecane and 2-butanone. The emission species of furniture manufacturing mainly included styrene, ethyl acetate, m / p -xylene, etc., which are typical species of coatings and diluents. As for the differences in the emission species of process plant areas in the petrochemical industry, styrene was the main species in the refining area, 1,3-butadiene in the chemical area, C 3 -C 5 alkanes in the storage area, and C 6 -C 8 alkanes in the wastewater treatment area. The main emission species of electronic manufacturing were ethanol, acetone, and other aldehyde ketone species. The emission species of shoemaking enterprises are mainly C 5 and C 6 alkanes. According to the results of ozone formation potential (OFP), alkenes and aromatics were the main VOC emission species that contribute significantly to the OFP in the automobile manufacturing and petrochemical industries, with relatively high pollution source reaction activity. The results showed that the emission ratio (17%-96%) and OFP contributions of OVOCs were significant in various industries. Therefore, for VOC emission control, in addition to focusing on the control of aromatics and alkenes, attention should also be paid to OVOCs.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of the chitosan-poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) double-walled microspheres for sustained release of bioactive nerve growth factor (NGF) in vitro ., Methods: NGF loaded chitosan-PLGA double-walled microspheres were prepared by emulsion-ionic method with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as an ionic cross-linker. The double-walled microspheres were cross-linked by different concentrations of TPP [1%, 3%, 10% ( W / V )]. NGF loaded PLGA microspheres were also prepared. The outer and inner structures of double-walled microspheres were observed by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, respectively. The size and distribution of microspheres and fourier transform infra red spectroscopy (FT-IR) were analyzed. PLGA microspheres with NGF or chitosan-PLGA double-walled microspheres cross-linked by 1%, 3%, and 10%TPP concentration (set as groups A, B, C, and D respectively) were used to determine the degradation ratio of microspheres in vitro and the sustained release ratio of NGF in microspheres at different time points. The bioactivity of NGF (expressed as the percentage of PC12 cells with positive axonal elongation reaction) in the sustained release solution of chitosan-PLGA double-walled microspheres without NGF (set as group A1) was compared in groups B, C, and D., Results: The chitosan-PLGA double-walled microspheres showed relative rough and spherical surfaces without aggregation. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed PLGA microspheres were evenly uniformly distributed in the chitosan-PLGA double-walled microspheres. The particle size of microspheres ranged from 18.5 to 42.7 μm. The results of FT-IR analysis showed ionic interaction between amino groups and phosphoric groups of chitosan in double-walled microspheres and TPP. In vitro degradation ratio analysis showed that the degradation ratio of double-walled microspheres in groups B, C, and D appeared faster in contrast to that in group A. In addition, the degradation ratio of double-walled microsphere in groups B, C, and D decreased when the TPP concentration increased. There were significant differences in the degradation ratio of each group ( P <0.05). In vitro sustained release ratio of NGF showed that when compared with PLGA microspheres in group A, double-walled microspheres in groups B, C, and D released NGF at a relatively slow rate, and the sustained release ratio decreased with the increase of TPP concentration. Except for 84 days, there was significant difference in the sustained release ratio of NGF between groups B, C, and D ( P <0.05). The bioactivity of NGF results showed that the percentage of PC12 cells with positive axonal elongation reaction in groups B, C, and D was significantly higher than that in group A1 ( P <0.05). At 7 and 28 days of culture, there was no significant difference between groups B, C, and D ( P >0.05); at 56 and 84 days of culture, the percentage of PC12 cells with positive axonal elongation reaction in groups C and D was significantly higher than that in group B ( P <0.05), and there was no significant difference between groups C and D ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: NGF loaded chitosan-PLGA double-walled microspheres have a potential clinical application in peripheral nerve regeneration after injury.

With the serious aging of the population, the incidence of fragility fractures of the pelvis(FFPs) has gradually increased, which has become a public problem affecting the living quality of the elderly. When a surgical treatment is chosen, the procedure should be as minimal invasive as possible and avoid all surgical complications. In recent years, different techniques for percutaneous or less invasive fixation of the posterior pelvic ring have been developed. Their advantages and limitations are presented: sacroplasty, iliosacral screw osteosynthesis, cement augmentation, transiliac internal fixation, transsacral osteosynthesis, lumbopelvic fixation. The purpose of this paper is to review the classification and minimally invasive treatment of FFP., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© 2019 by the China Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Press.)

The development of orally administrated heparin drugs requires a systematic understanding of the interaction between heparin and gut flora. The in vivo distribution of fluorescein-labeled heparin that is orally administrated by mice was observed using fluorescein microscopy. In addition, the stability of heparin in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, as well as the in vitro degradation of heparin by gut flora were detected by HPLC. The results show that orally administrated heparin was mainly distributed in the gastrointestinal tract of mice, and exerted structural stability under the condition of simulated gastric and intestinal fluids in vitro. However, heparin could be degraded by intestinal flora cultured in medium containing heparin. In order to further study the effect of orally administrated heparin on intestinal flora in mice, the fecal microbiota 16S rRNA fragment of C57BL/6J mice was tested by the Illumina Mi-Seq high-throughput sequencing technology. Compared with the gut flora of mice that orally administrated by saline, the biodiversity of gut flora in mice with orally administrated heparin was decreased. The difference of microflora structure was not significant at the phylum level, and the relative abundance of Alistipes, Parasutterella and Akkermansia was increased at the genus level, and the relative abundance of Bilophila, Enterorhabdus, Ruminiclostridium, Prevotellaceae&#95;UCG&#95;001, Ruminiclostridium-9, Bacteroides, Lachnoclostridium, Candidatus, Saccharimonas, Intestinimonas and Dubosiella was reduced. These findings indicate that heparin could influence the gut flora of mice. In addition, no obvious toxic and side effects were found in mice that orally administrated heparin, suggesting the safety of orally administrated heparin.

The characteristics of volatile organic compound (VOCs) species from various production procedures of wood-based panel production and other industrial processes in Chengdu were analyzed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and other methods specified in national standards after the emissions of typical enterprises of wood-based panel production, pharmaceutical manufacturing, chemical production and other industrial processes in Chengdu had been sampled using sampling bottles and SUMMA canisters. Generally, the process of wood-based panel production includes glue making, glue mixing, sorting, and hot pressing, whereas the process of pharmaceutical manufacturing includes workshop production and wastewater treatment. The results showed that the main contribution species of VOCs in wood-based panel production and pharmaceutical manufacturing is oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs), accounting for more than 50% of the total VOCs emitted. The species from organized and unorganized emissions of formaldehyde manufacturing differed significantly. The main species of organized emissions was OVOCs, and that of unorganized emissions was halohydrocarbons. Emissions of VOCs from coating manufacturing were strongly correlated with the raw materials, and the corresponding emission species were composed mainly of aromatics and OVOCs. Except for glue mixing, the main species of VOCs in other process procedures of wood-based panel production was formaldehyde, with emission proportion of more than 50%. The primary species of VOCs in various processes of pharmaceutical manufacturing was ethanol; however 1,4-dioxane, ethyl acetate, and toluene were also important species. Moreover, the main VOCs from formaldehyde manufacturing were composed mainly of acetone and ethanol, and those of coating manufacturing were aromatic hydrocarbons such as p-xylene. The ozone formation potential was to characterize the reactivity of pollution sources in VOCs from wood-based panel production, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and chemical production. The results showed that the species of VOCs in different industries contributed similarly to the reactivity and that these species were mainly high-activity species such as formaldehyde, ethanol, and other OVOCs as well as some aromatic hydrocarbons. Therefore, supervision and regulation of enterprises of industrial processes is required with a focus on species with relatively large ozone formation potential. In addition, it is necessary to analyze the emission characteristics and chemical mechanism of various industries and to control O 3 generation from the sources.

Objective: To assess biventricular, especially right ventricular, function and deformationin rhesus monkeys with spontaneous type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)., Methods: Twelve male spontaneous T2DM rhesus monkeys and age, sex, body mass matched 9 healthy rhesus monkeys without hypertension and myocardial infarction were included in this study. Fasting blood glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and blood liquid levels were measured. Biventricular function and myocardial deformations were evaluated by CMR cine and tissue-tracking., Results: Compared with control, the FPG and HbA1c levers were significantly increased in T2DM group, but there was no significant difference in body mass and age between the two groups. CMR result showed that there was no significant decrease in right ventricle and left ventricle ejection fraction in T2DM ( P < 0.05). However, the absolute value of radial and circumferential global peak systolic strain, systolic strain rate and three directions global peak diastolic strain rate of the right ventricle free wall were lower in the T2DM group ( P < 0.05). Also, only radial and circumferential peak systolic strain and radial diastolic strain rate of left ventricle were higher ( P < 0.05)., Conclusions: Right ventricle showed systolic and diastolic dysfunction which were consistent with left ventricle in T2DM by CMR-tissue tracking., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition).)

Genetic resources are important national strategic resources. Their preservation, protection and rational utilization form a solid foundation to guarantee national security and to build national competitiveness for the future. Due to a relatively late starting point, China is actively catching up with global peers in storing genetic samples and data. In view of this, in 2011 China approved a plan to build its first nation-level comprehensive gene bank, the China National GeneBank (CNGB), and entrusted BGI-Research to implement its construction and operation. It is China's first gene bank for "reading, writing and storing" bioresources. In this paper, we summarize the development of influential platforms at home and abroad, and focus on CNGB's position, mission, and its structure of "Three Banks and Two Platforms". CNGB launched its official operation in September 2016 and aims to develop a world-class, non-profit and strategic platform that supports science and technology development. It has built capacities to store tens of millions of traceable samples and to analyze handreds of thousanda of WGS each year. It has also set up China's first Pb-level digitalization platform and a high-efficient synthesis platform with a production rate of ten million bases per year. Based on such capacities, CNGB has established its open sharing mechanism for biological samples and data, provided public platform services for life science research, and achieved initial results in supporting innovation and development of the bio-industry.

The dynamic accumulation rule of active substances in medicinal plants is of great value not only for medicinal material production and application,but also for the genetic mechanism study on the formation of medicinal ingredients,especially vital to guide medicinal material collection as well as experiment material selection and candidate gene screening in the analysis of biosynthesis pathway. This study investigated the accumulation of curcumins and terpenoids,and the biosynthesis of these metabolites,which are the active metabolites in Curcuma longa,a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. Rhizoma of C. longa from leaf growing period,rhizome swelling period and dry matter accumulating period were used as experimental materials,to analyze the changes of metabolites and biosynthesis in the three periods by comparative transcriptome and metabolomes analysis.The results indicated that terpenoids accumulation and biosynthesis mainly occurred in leaf growing period,while curcumin accumulation and biosynthesis mainly occurred in dry matter accumulating period. Therefore,we suggested that turmeric rhizomes in leaf growth period were suitable for terpenoids biosynthetic pathway characterization,and rhizome in accumulation of dry matter period was suitable for curcuminoid biosynthesis pathway characterization. This study provides references for medicinal materialproduction and application,as well as biopathway analysis of active compounds for C. longa.

Objective: To investigate the effect of large tumor suppressor homolog 2 (LATS2) gene overexpression on the proliferation and apoptosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)., Methods: Lentivirous particles were transferred into SCC-25 cell to upregulate LATS2 gene expression. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay. Apoptosis was detected through flow cytometry. The expression changes of Bax, Bcl-2, and LATS2 were analyzed by Western blot., Results: Gene transfection increased LATS2 expression. Compared with the control group and pEGFP-control group, SCC-25 cell proliferation in the pGFP-LATS2 group was inhibited, whereas the apoptosis ratio increased (P<0.05). Bcl-2 expression decreased, and Bax expression increased., Conclusions: Overexpression of LATS2 could inhibit SCC-25 cell proliferation and induce apoptosis.

Near infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics methods was used to distinguish Ganoderma lucidum samples collected from different origins, and a prediction model was established for rapid determine polysaccharides contents in these samples. The classification accuracy for training dataset was 96.87%, while for independent dataset was 93.33%; as for the prediction model, 5-fold cross-validation was used to optimize the parameters, and different signal processing methods were also optimized to improve the prediction ability of the model. The best square of correlation coefficients for training dataset was 0.965 4, and 0.851 6 for validation dataset; while the root-mean-square deviation values for training dataset and validation dataset were 0.018 5 and 0.023 6, respectively. These results showed that combining near infrared spectroscopy with suitable chemometrics approaches could accuracy distinguish different origins of G. lucidum samples; the established prediction model could precious predict polysaccharides contents, the proposed method can help determine the activity compounds and quality evaluation of G. lucidum., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: To determine whether erythropoietin (EPO) promotes rapid proliferation of glioma through Akt pathway., Methods: We detected the expression of EPO in human glioma tissues using immunohistochemistry. A nude mouse model bearing human glioma U87 cell xenograft was established and given intraperitoneal injection of EPO or saline every other day, and the tumor growth was observed. In the in vitro experiment, U87 cells were treated with PBS (control), EPO, or EPO with Akt inhibitor, and the expression of p-Akt and cyclin D1 was detected using Western blotting; the cell proliferation rate was determined using cell counting kit-8 and clone formation assay, and the cell cycle changes were analyzed with flow cytometry., Results: Compared with low-grade glioma tissues, high-grade glioma tissues exhibited a significantly increased EPO expression (P=0.0002). In the tumor-bearing mice, EPO treatment significantly increased the expression of EPO (P=0.0006) and p-Akt (P=0.0003) in the tumor and obviously increased the tumor volume (P<0.0001) and weight (P=0.0003). In U87 cells cultured in vitro, EPO treatment obviously accelerated the cell proliferation (P=0.020 on day 3 and 0.028 on day 5), promoted clone formation (P=0.0010), and increased proliferation index (P=0.0028); EPO significantly enhanced the protein expression of p-Akt (P=0.0020) and cyclin D1 (P=0.0022). The application of Akt inhibitor significantly suppressed the effect of EPO in enhancing cyclin D1 and p-Akt expression (both P<0.0001) and promoting cell proliferation., Conclusion: EPO can significantly accelerate the proliferation of glioma through Akt pathway.

Objective: To assess the value of preoperative serum albumin level in predicting the survival of patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT)., Methods: Two hundred and sixteen newly diagnosed patients with NMIBC who underwent TURBT between January, 2007 and April, 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were categorized into low albumin (<40 g/L) and normal albumin (≥40 g/L) groups. The patient survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional analyses were used to determine the hazard ratios (HRs) for the overall survival (OS)., Results: Of the patients with available data, 82 (39%) and 127 (61%) patients were classified into low albumin (<40 g/L) and normal albumin (≥40 g/L) groups, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a significantly worse 5-year OS in low albumin group than in normal albumin group (P=0.017). In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, after adjusting for confounding variables, the preoperative albumin level remained as an independent predictor for 5-year OS (HR: 3.102, 95%CI: 1.200-8.020, P=0.020)., Conclusion: A low preoperative albumin level predicts a poor 5-year OS in patients with NMIBC who underwent TURBT. Preoperative serum albumin can be a good prognostic factor for predicting survival of the patients with NMIBC treated with TURBT.

Objective: To explore the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in early stage of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Macaca mulatta., Methods: Three diabetic Macaca mulattas induced by high-fat diet were identified for early stage of diabetic retinopathy according to the fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin Alc (HbA1c), fundus photograph and duration of diabetes, with another 3 age-matched healthy Macaca mulattas as control. The expression of VEGF and PEDF in the retinas of Macaca mulatta were detected by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry., Result: In early stage of diabetic retinopathy, VEGF mRNA and protein of the diabetic group were both significantly increased compared with the control group (P<0.05). PEDF expression at both mRNA and protein levels was significantly decreased in diabetic Macaca mulattas compared with the control group (P<0.01 and 0.05 respectively)., Conclusion: Retinal VEGF expression is increased and PEDF expression is decreased in early stage of diabetic retinopathy, suggesting their involvement in the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy and their value in assisting in the early diagnosis.

Objective: To evaluate the prognosis and complications of expectant therapy and curettage for retained product of conception (RPOC) after second trimester termination of pregnancy (TOP)., Methods: A total of 270 patients with RPOC following second trimester TOP in Nanfang Hospital between January, 2014 and December, 2015 were included in this study. The duration of vaginal bleeding time and menstruation recovery interval were compared between patients receiving expectant therapy and curettage for RPOC, and binary logistic regression was used to assess the risk factors for complications in bivariate and multivariate analyses., Results: The duration of vaginal bleeding time was significantly longer in expectant therapy group than in curettage group (P=0.005), while the menstruation recovery interval did not differ significantly between the two groups. The incidence of vaginal bleeding time for over 42 days was significantly higher in curettage group than in expectant therapy group (P=0.040), and the incidence of a menstruation recovery interval beyond 60 days was comparable between them. The incidence of complications was significantly higher in curettage group than in expectant therapy group either with adjustment of age, gravidity, parity, history of uterine surgery status, gestational age, type of indications, regimens for TOP and induction-abortion interval (OR=18.26 [95% CI: 3.57-93.42], P<0.001) or without adjustment (OR=10.60, [95% CI: 2.36-47.66], P=0.002)., Conclusion: Expectant therapy and curettage for RPOC after second trimester TOP have comparable prognosis, but curettage is associated with a significantly higher rate of complications.

Effects of drought stress on photosynthetic characteristics, water status, physiological and biochemical indexes were studied in five arid area plants in northwest China, including Potentilla fruticosa, Lycium ruthenicum, Caryopteris mongholica, Caragana korshinskii and Hedysarum scoparium, using pot experiments. The results showed that with the prolongation of drought stress, the water conservation capacity of leaves totally increased in above five plants, the leaf relative water content rose first and then fell, and the relative chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters decreased to some extent. Overall, the photosynthetic system of H. scoparium and L. ruthenicum least affected by the stress, and P. fruticosa suffered with the most serious damage. The electric conductivity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of P. fruticosa firstly decreased and then sharply increased, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities firstly increased and then dramatically decreased. With the decrease of soil water content, the electric conductivity rose firstly and then fell in the other four plants,the change of MDA content rose first and then fell, or fell first and then rose, and the activities of SOD and POD almost displayed upward trend. Especially, SOD activity of C. mongholica and POD activity of H. scoparium had the biggest increment among the five plants after 28 days of drought stress, increasing by 1.1 and 13.1 times respectively, compared with before processing. Additionally, there was significant variance in the accumulation of organic solutes among the five plants during the drought stress treatment. The accumulation of soluble sugar and free proline was the most in P. fruticosa, increasing by 1.1 and 22.4 times respectively, after 28 days of drought treatment. H. sco-parium accumulated the most soluble protein, increasing by 1.0 times after 28 days of drought treatment. The result of membership function method showed that the drought tolerance decreased in order of H. scoparium ＞ L. ruthenicum ＞ C. korshinskii ＞ C. mongholica ＞ P. fruticosa. The research revealed that all five plants could make positive response to drought stress through improving the activity of antioxidant enzymes and accumulating organic solutes, which could help to reduce cell damage. P. fruticos was most sensitive to water deficit in the five plants, and the degree of drought had exceeded its own regulated capacity threshold during the experiment.

Objective To investigate the effect of 1, 25-(OH)2-VD3 on collagen type III (Col3), collagen type IV (Col4) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) in rat models of type 2 diabetic nephropathy, and explore the relationships of p38MAPK with Col3 and Col4. Methods Rat models of type 2 diabetic nephropathy were induced by streptozocin (STZ, 30 mg/kg) combined with high-glucose-and-fat diet. Sixty rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, 1, 25-(OH)2-VD3 treatment group [given 1, 25-(OH)2-VD3 6 ng/(100 g.d) after modeling] and insulin group (given 2-3 U insulin after modeling). After 8 weeks' intervention, serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and 24-hour proteinuria were detected in all groups. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining was used to observe the kidney pathological changes, and immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting were performed to determine p38 MAPK Col3 and Col4 expressions in rat renal interstitium. Spearman method was applied to the correlation analysis. Results Compared with the model group, blood glucose, Scr, BUN, 24-hour proteinuria and impaired renal interstitial area were all reduced in the 1, 25-(OH)2-VD3 treatment group and the insulin group. Compared with the control group, the expressions of Col3, Col4 and p38 MAPK were higher in the model group, and lower in the 1, 25-(OH)2-VD3 treatment group and the insulin group. Correlation analysis showed that 24-hour proteinuria was positively related with p38 MAPK, Col3, Col4 and immunohistochemical results; p38MAPK was positively correlated with Col3 and Col4 expressions. Conclusion Col3, Col4 and p38MAPK are up-regulated in rat models of type 2 diabetic nephropathy. The 1, 25-(OH)2-VD3 might attenuates the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis via down-regulating p38 MAPK, Col3 and Col4.