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Since the signing of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992, the United States has shown a sometimes conservative and sometimes radical pendulum in its position on several key subsidiary climate treaties. For example, in 1997, the United States Congress refused to approve the Kyoto Protocol signed by former US vice president Al Gore. In 2015, President Obama used executive power to bypass Congress to sign the Paris Agreement. In 2017, President Trump announced the withdrawal of the US from the Paris Agreement. These seemingly confusing behaviors actually reflect the contradictions and conflicts in the formulation of climate policy of the United States. Using neoclassical realism theory as the analytical framework, the authors of this paper explore how such several key variables as leader image and perception, partisan politics, and civil society and lobbying groups shape the climate policy of the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to consider and solve the problem for companies to choose the optimal strategic route of green transformation technology investment based on economic fluctuation and their own situation. We apply a real option to conduct scenario analysis on the forecast economic development status and technology and get the optimal investment rules and the optimal choice route of the green transformation technology. The main results are: 1) the initial role of carbon trading price is to promote the green transformation of high-energy enterprises; 2) enterprise’s financial strength is an another important factor that influences green transition success and route selection for enterprise; 3) the key factors which influence green transition success and route selection for enterprise axe the degree of economic prosperity,the height of the investment of the discount rate, and the development level of the green transformation technology. Furthermore, our theoretical model implicates that government should control the stability and prosperity of the economic environment and provide a good carbon trading mechanism and encourage to cultivate high green transformation technology with the high discount rate investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]