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Polyspora Sweet are evergreen tree of Theaceae with 50 species, mainly distributed in South Asia and Southeast Asia. Polyspora have high ornamental value, can be used as landscape trees in tropical and subtropical regions. Some of them have edible and medicinal values. Based on the brief introduction of the germplasm resources and application of the genus Polyspora, the research progress of its systematic evolution and taxonomy, reproductive characteristics, physiological characteristics, ecological habits, seedling technology, chemical components and pharmacological activities were reviewed in detail. This review point out that in the future, we should expand the research scope and species of the genus, and strengthen the germplasm resources collection, phylogeny, genetic diversity and so on. We should pay more attention to the introduction, cultivation, and germplasm innovation of the genus, and fully explore its medicinal value, and carry out clinical research. This review paper will provide theoretical basis and reference for further research of Polyspora plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]