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The tomato variety 'Micro Tom' is used as an experimental material in a fully artificial light-type plant factory. An LED light with adjustable illumination modes was used as the light source and a pure white LED light was used as the control. Different illumination mode, such as pure red light, pure blue light, mixed red and blue light, and alternating red and blue light were used as supplementary light. The influence of different red and blue supplemental lighting modes on the growth, development, and fluorescence characteristics of greenhouse tomatoes was explored. The results showed that: (1) in all treatments, the growth indicators and fruit weight of the tomato plants increased to a certain extent. The dynamic change of chlorophyll fluorescence was significantly affected by supplementary light. Pure red light supplementation had the greatest effect on the increase in plant height, stem thickness, leaf area, and yield of the tomato plants. Alternating red and blue light supplementation at intervals of 1h or 6h significantly promoted the increase in chlorophyll content and the improvement of PSII photosynthetic performance. (2) During the vegetative growth stage of tomatoes, under pure red light supplementation, the relative growth rate and absolute growth rate of plant height increased by 106.8% and 60% respectively compared to the control. The relative growth rate and absolute growth rate of stem thickness increased by 50% and 80% respectively. 44 days after sowing, the leaf area of the tomato plants under pure red light supplementation increased by 92.1% compared to the control.(3) During the reproductive growth period of tomatoes, compared with the control, 83 days after sowing, the number of fruits set under pure red light supplementation increased by 73.6%. The horizontal and vertical diameters and volume of tomato fruit increased by 34.4%, 35.3%, and 129.6% respectively.(4) Compared with the control, 44 days after sowing, the chlorophyll content in tomato leaves under alternating red and blue light supplementation at intervals of 1h or 6h increased by 30.3% and 31.8% respectively. 83 days after sowing, the performance index (PIABS) of tomato plants after alternating red and blue light supplementation at intervals of 1h or 6h increased by 100% and 30% respectively compared to the control. The electron transfer efficiency (ETo/CS) of PSII after alternating red and blue light supplementation at intervals of 1h or 6h increased by 16% and 23% respectively compared to the control. In summary, pure red light supplementation can effectively promote the growth and development of facility tomatoes. Alternating red and blue light supplementation at intervals of 1h or 6h significantly affects the fluorescence characteristics of tomatoes. In the future, the most suitable supplementary lighting mode can be chosen based on different production objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increase of diagnosed COVID-19 cases, the prevention and control of epidemic in Wuhan became tougher. To support Wuhan, West China Hospital of Sichuan University sent the third round of medical team to the city. In order to ensure a safe and relax condition for medical team members after busy works, it was crucial to manage the medical team station well comprehensively. This article summarized the management experience of West China Hospital medical team as a reference for others to fight against the epidemic.

The study aimed to investigate the impact of dietary supplementation with Chinese herbal additives on the serum immunity, cytokines, antioxidant indices, and rectal microbiota in Simmental beef cattle. Using a single-factor randomized block design, 20 healthy Simmental beef cattle with an average age of 12 months and a mean weight of (268.80 ± 4.95) kg were randomly assigned to a control group (CG group) and an experimental group (AG group), with 10 replicates per group and one beef cattle per replicate. The CG group was fed a basal diet, while the AG group received an additional 100 g/(head-day) of Chinese herbal additives on the basis of basal diet. The pre-feeding period lasted for five days, followed by a formal experimental period of 60 days. The results showed that compared to the CG group, the AG group showed an increase of 12.70% and 7.58% in the serum IgA and IL-6 concentrations (P<0.05), the serum T-SOD activity increased by 3.13% (P<0.05), the MDA content decreased by 28.87% (P<0.05), and the T-AOC increased by 1.39% (P>0.05). The Shannon, Chao1, and Ace indices of the intestinal flora of Simmental beef cattle in the AG group increased by 0.17%, 1.51%, and 0.96% compared with the CG group, respectively (P>0.05). In the AG group, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia increased by 6.50% and 2.94% (P>0.05), respectively. Compared to the CG group, Firmicutes decreased by 5.94% (P>0.05). The relative abundance of unclassified Bacteroidetes was higher in the AG group (P<0.05), and the relative abundance of Phocaeicola and Alistipes increased by 8.33% and 16.45% (P>0.05), respectively. The study indicates that the addition of Chinese herbal additives can enhance the immune level and antioxidant capacity of Simmental beef cattle, increase the relative abundance of intestinal microbiota, promote the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, and improve the cattle's ability to digest fiber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harvest 74-560 RZ F1" tomato was cultivated in a plant factory with LEDs. One of the four reproductive stages (flowering stage, expanding stage, color turning stage and harvesting stage) was subjected to low light intensity of 160μmol·m-2·s-1, while the other three stages maintained 1000 μmol·m-2·s-1. The light intensity kept 1000μmol·m-2·s-1 at all the reproductive stages in the control. The growth and fruit quality indices were measured to evaluate the effects of low light on tomato. The results showed that: (1) low light significantly affected the morphology of tomato plants at the flowering stage and expanding stage. Low light at flowering stage resulted in the most prominent overgrowth trend of tomato plants, as well as the least average number of leaves and nodes per plant which respectively decreased by 3.5 and 1.6 compared with the control. Low light at the expansion stage significantly reduced the content of carotenoid and the value of Chla/b compared with the control. The number of fruit set per plant after low light treatment at flowering stage was 53% lower than that of the control, while the number of fruit set per plant was not significantly affected by low light at other reproductive stages. The average yield of the first, second and third ear per plant after low light treatment at flowering or expansion stage was significantly lower than the other treatments. (2) Compared with the control, low light treatments decreased the soluble solid content of tomato fruit (first ear) in varying degrees, among which, the soluble solid content decreased by 25% after low light treatment at flowering stage. The soluble sugar content of tomato fruit decreased by 15% compared with the control, on the contrary, the total acid content increased by 26%, resulting in the lowest sugar/acid ratio of tomato fruit under this treatment. Compared with the control, low light treatments decreased the vitamin C content of tomato fruit in varying degrees, among which, the lowest vitamin C content was detected in tomato fruit subjected to low light treatment at the harvesting stage. This study showed that low light reduced the yield and quality of tomato, and the sensitivity of tomato to low light was different at varied reproductive stages. According to the growth characteristics and responses of tomato subjected to low light at different periods, it is of certain significance to supplement artificial light in order to stabilize the quality and yield of protected tomato. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the distribution characteristics of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T gene polymorphism in children with primary hypertension, and to explore the association between MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism and H-type hypertension in children. Methods A total of 121 children with primary hypertension who were hospitalized in the department of cardiovascular medicine from January to July 2021, newly diagnosed, and untreated were retrospectively selected as the subjects. The children were divided into three groups: CC genotype (19 children), CT genotype (51 children), and TT genotype (51 children). According to the serum homocysteine (Hcy) level, they were divided two groups: H-type hypertension (47 children) and simple hypertension (74 children). The medical data were compared between the groups. The association between MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism and Htype hypertension was evaluated. Results The mutation frequency of T allele in children with primary hypertension was significantly higher than that in healthy adults in Beijing and Chinese Han adults (P<0.001). The serum Hcy level in the TT genotype group was significantly higher than that in the CC and CT genotype groups (P<0.001). The serum Hcy level in the H-type hypertension group was significantly higher than that in the simple hypertension group (P<0.001), and MTHFR C677T was mostly TT genotype, which was associated with the risk of H-type hypertension (OR=12.71, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of target organ damage between the H-type hypertension and simple hypertension groups (P>0.05). However, multiple organ involvement was observed in the H-type hypertension group at diagnosis, accounting for 11% (5/47). Conclusions The mutation rate of MTHFR C677T T allele in children with primary hypertension is high and associated with the serum Hcy level. TT genotype is an independent risk factor for H-type hypertension in children, and it may be related to the severity of early target organ damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The leal distribution in intercropping canopy is usually laterally and vertically heterogeneous, which makes continuous measurement ol light interception very difficult. In order to quantily the light interception by wheat/maize intercropping during different growth stages, a geometrical model was developed in this study to simulate photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) transmission in this system. Measured PAR values in field experiments were used to validate the geometrical model. Results showed that the geometrical model efficiently simulated the PAR transmitted on soil surface under intercropping canopy. The determination coefficients ol linear regression between estimated and measured values were 0.947 and 0.950 for 6:2 intercropping (I62) and 12:4 intercropping (I124), respectively. The values of PAR intercepted by I62 intercropping system in 2012 and 2013 were 1061.4 and 924.3 MJ . m-2, respectively, which were the highest among all cropping systems. The radiation caption ratios (RCRs) of I62 and I124 relative to sole crops were 1.29 and 1.19 during 2012 growing season, and 1.21 and 1.16 during 2013 growing season, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the resource components and availability of different parts of Panax quinquefolium in Shandong province, the paper employed the non-targeted metabolomics technology based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS) to analyze the metabolites and their metabolic pathways in the root, fibril, stem, and leaf of P. quinquefolium. The content of seven ginsenosides and polysaccharides in different parts was determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry(UV-Vis). The results showed that the metabolites were mainly sugars, glycosides, organic acids, amino acids and their derivatives, terpenoids, etc. The total abundance of metabolites followed the trend of leaf &gt; root &gt; fibril &gt; stem. Most of the differential metabolites were concentrated in phenylpropane biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, citric acid cycle, and amino acid biosynthesis. The leaf contained high levels of sugars, glycosides, amino acids and their derivatives, and flavonoids; the root was rich in terpenoids, volatile oils, vitamins, and lignin; the fibril contained rich organic acids; and the stem had high content of nucleotides and their derivatives. The content of ginsenosides Re and Rb&#95;1 was significantly higher in the root; the content of ginsenosides Rg&#95;1, Rg&#95;2, Rd, F&#95;(11), and polysaccharide was significantly higher in the leaf; and the content of ginsenoside Rb&#95;2 was significantly higher in the stem. We analyzed the resource components and availability of different parts of P. quinquefolium, aiming to provide basic information for the comprehensive development and utilization of P. quinquefolium resources in Shandong province.

Objective: To investigate the effect of celastrol on the proliferation and apoptosis of human multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines, reveal the relationship between IRAK4/ERK/p38 signaling pathway and celastrol regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of H929 and ARP-1 cells, and explore whether celastrol combined with bortezomib has synergistic effect., Methods: CCK-8 method was used to detect the viability of MM cell lines H929 and ARP-1 treated by different concentrations of celastrol, bortezomib, and their combination, and the synergistic effect was determined by Kim's formula. The apoptosis rate of H929 cells and necrosis rate of ARP-1 were detected by Annexin V/PI method. The expression of key proteins and apoptosis proteins in IRAK4/ERK/p38 signaling pathway were detected by Western blot., Results: Celastrol could significantly inhibit the proliferation of H929 and ARP-1 cells (r=0.9018, r=0.9244) and induce apoptosis in a time-dependent manner. Compared with the control group, celastrol could significantly up-regulate the expression of PARP and cleaved caspase-3 while down-regulate the expression of p-IRAK4, p-ERK, and p-p38 in H929 and ARP-1 cells. Celastrol and bortezomib alone inhibited the proliferation of H929 and ARP-1 cells. Compared with celastrol and bortezomib alone, their combination had lower cell survival rate and higher apoptosis rate (P<0.05)., Conclusion: Celastrol can inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of H929 and ARP-1 cells, which may be related to inhibiting the phosphorylation of IRAK4 and blocking the activation of IRAK4/ERK/p38 signaling pathway. Celastrol combined with bortezomib has synergistic effect, which can more effectively inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of H929 and ARP-1 cells.

Objective: To observe the changes of serum metabolites in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) by metabonomics, and explore the potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and progression of MM., Methods: Serum samples were collected from 26 patients with MM and 50 healthy controls. The data detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was input into SIMCA-14.0 software for multivariate statistical analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to analyze the changes of metabolites., Results: The metabolic change of uric acid and trans-vaccenic acid in serum samples of MM patients was 9.39 times and 2.77 times of these in healthy people, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of healthy people, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01)., Conclusion: Uric acid and trans-vaccenic acid are expected to be important metabolic indicators for the diagnosis, prognosis, and efficacy evaluation of MM, thus providing some clues for the pathogenesis of MM.

Objective: To compare the clinical effect differences among different acupoint selection methods for primary insomnia., Methods: A total of 333 patients with primary insomnia were recruited from 3 study centers and randomly divided into a group A (111 cases, 7 cases dropped off), a group B (111 cases, 5 cases dropped off) and a group C (111 cases, 2 cases dropped off). The patients in the group A were treated with acupuncture at Shenmen (HT 7) and Baihui (GV 20), the patients in the group B were treated with acupuncture at Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Baihui (GV 20), and the patients in the group C were treated with acupuncture at non-acupoint and Baihui (GV 20). All the treatment was given once a day, 30 min each time; 5 treatments were taken as a course and 5 courses of treatment were given. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and Athens insomnia scale (AIS) scores were evaluated before and after treatment as well as 4 weeks after treatment. The encephalofluctuograph technology (ET) was observed before and after treatment., Results: Compared before treatment, the PSQI scores after treatment and at follow-up were significantly decreased in three groups ( P <0.01), and the decrease in the group A and the group B was greater than that in the group C ( P <0.01). Compared before treatment, the AIS scores after treatment and at follow-up was significantly decreased in three groups ( P <0.01), and the decrease in the group A was greater than that in the group C ( P <0.05). The interclass and between-groups ET before and after treatment had no significant difference ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: The acupuncture at acupoints along the meridians could improve the sleep quality in patients with primary insomnia, and the therapeutic effect of acupoint along the meridians is better than that of non-acupoint.

Objective: To study the clinical features and drug resistance in children with Salmonella infection., Methods: A total of 163 children with positive fecal cultures for Salmonella who were hospitalized between 2013 and 2017 were enrolled. A retrospective analysis was performed for their data on clinical features, distribution of Salmonella serotypes, and drug sensitivity test results., Results: Among the 163 children with Salmonella infection, 79 (48.5%) were aged ≤1 year. Main clinical manifestations included fever and diarrhea. Of all the children, 121 (74.2%) reached a body temperature of above 39°C, 52 (31.9%) had diarrhea more than 10 times a day, and 56 (34.4%) had respiratory infection. Salmonella infection often occurred in summer and autumn. Of all the children, 131 (80.4%) had the infection in May to October. Salmonella typhimurium was observed in 100 children (61.3%) and Salmonella enteritidis was observed 15 children (9.2%). All serotypes of Salmonella had a drug resistance rate of >20% to cefotaxime, as well as high sensitivities to β-lactamase inhibitors (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and piperacillin/tazobactam). There were no strains resistant to carbapenems including imipenem., Conclusions: Infants aged ≤1 year are susceptible to Salmonella infection in summer and autumn, and the most common serotype is Salmonella typhimurium. Main clinical manifestations are fever and diarrhea in children with Salmonella infection, and most children also have respiratory infection. Salmonella has an increased rate of drug resistance to third-generation cephalosporins. In clinical treatment, antimicrobial drugs should be used according to the results of drug sensitivity test.

Objective: To observe the effect of manual acupuncture stimulation of paired "Baihui" (GV 20)+ "Shenmen" (HT 7), GV 20+ "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6), and GV 20+ non-acupoint on expression of melatonine (MT) and suprachiasmatic melatonin receptor 1 (MT 1 ) and melatonin receptor 2 (MT 2 ) mRNAs in insomnia rats, so as to explore their action difference and the underlying mechanism in improving insomnia., Methods: Male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control ( n =12), mo-del ( n =8), GV 20+HT 7( n =12), GV 20+SP 6( n =11), and GV 20+ non-acupoint ( n =10) groups. The insomnia model was established by intraperitoneal injection of Para-chlorophenylalanine suspension (50 mg/mL, 50 mg/100 g), once daily for 2 days. The abovementioned acupoints GV 20, bilateral HT 7, SP 6 and non-acupoints (the midpoint between the elbow-tip and armpit on the medial side of the upper-arm) were punctured with filiform needles and manipulated by rotating the needle for about 1 min which was repeated once again every 10 min during 30 minutes' needle-retaining. The treatment was conducted once daily for 7 days. The expression levels of MT immunoactivity in the conarium tissue, and MT 1 and MT 2 mRNAs of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) region were detected using immunohistochemistry and fluorescence quantitative real time-PCR, respectively., Results: After modeling, the expression levels of pineal MT (an increase of gray value means a decrease of immunoactivity), SCN MT 1 and MT 2 mRNAs were notably down-regulated in the model group relevant to the normal control group ( P <0.05, P <0.01). Following the treatment, the down-regulated expression levels of MT protein, and MT 1 and MT 2 mRNAs were obviously reversed in the GV 20 + HT 7, GV 20 + SP 6 groups relevant to the model group ( P <0.05, P <0.01). The therapeutic effect of GV 20+ HT 7 was superior to that of GV 20+ non-acupoint in up-regulating the expression of MT 1 mRNA ( P <0.01), and markedly superior to that of GV 20+ SP 6 and GV 20+ non-acupoint in increasing the sleep duration and in up-regulating the expression of MT 2 mRNA ( P <0.01). No significant differences were found among the 3 treatment groups in up-regulating the expression of MT ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: Manual acupuncture stimulation of GV 20+ HT 7 and GV 20+ SP 6 can improve the sleep disorder in insomnia rats, which may be related to its effects in increasing the levels of pineal MT protein, and MT 1 and MT 2 mRNAs in hypothalamic SCN.

Amorphous iron oxides in paddy soil are critical adsorbents of arsenic. The flooding period during rice cultivation contributes to the reductive dissolution of these amorphous iron oxides, which releases sorbed arsenic into the paddy soil solution. However, more detailed work should be conducted to evaluate quantitatively arsenic immobilization, release, and transformation regulated by metastable amorphous iron oxides. In previous studies, arsenic in the soil solution phase and solid phase were classified into F1 (exchangeable arsenic), F2 (specifically sorbed arsenic), F3 (amorphous iron oxide bound arsenic), and F4 (crystalline iron oxide bound arsenic), according to a sequential extraction procedure using reagents of increasing dissolution strength. In this study, soil samples were collected from the vicinity of a silver smelting plant in Chenzhou, Hunan Province, and the contribution of different arsenic speciation (F1, F2, F3, and F4) to arsenic release during anaerobic enrichment incubation of paddy soil was investigated. Sample analysis was conducted at the end of the first phase (day 15) and the second phase (day 30). The effects of amorphous iron oxides in paddy soil on migration and transformation of arsenic were discussed. Results showed significant elevation of dissolved Fe(Ⅱ) and arsenic concentration ( P <0.05) in enrichment solutions in the second phase compared with that in the first phase. Arsenic released in the soil solution in both phases originated from exchangeable arsenic and specifically sorbed arsenic, as indicated by its significantly positive correlation with F1 and F2 ( r =0.73, P <0.05; r =0.657, P <0.05). However, an insignificant positive correlation was found between the arsenic released and F3. Moreover, HCl-extractable Fe(Ⅱ) was significantly and positively correlated with arsenic ( r =0.577, P <0.05; r =0.613, P <0.05), while amorphous iron oxides were significantly and negatively correlated with arsenic ( r =-0.428, P =0.126; r =-0.564, P <0.05). In conclusion, arsenic in the F1 and F2 fractions acted as the major source of released arsenic. Despite elevated levels of HCl-extractable Fe(Ⅱ) that might result from the slight reductive dissolution of amorphous iron oxide, the significant negative correlation between dissolved arsenic and amorphous iron oxides indicated that metastable amorphous iron oxides in anaerobic paddy soil can generally sorb dissolved arsenic effectively, resulting in lower mobility of arsenic. Increasing the level of amorphous iron oxides in paddy soil is conducive to inactivation of arsenic.

Objective: To observe the effect of different strength of electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation on gastrointestinal motility and Ras homolog gene family member (RhoA)/Rho associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase (ROCK) signaling in diabetic gastroparesis (DGP) rats, so as to reveal the underlying mechanisms of EA for improving DGP., Methods: Sixty SD rats were randomly and equally divided into blank control, DGP model, weak EA, medium EA, and strong EA groups ( n ＝12 rats in each). The DGP model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 55 mmol/kg, 2%) and high-sugar and high-fat fodder feeding for 8 weeks. EA (0.12, 0.24, 0.36 mA, 20 Hz/100 Hz) was applied to "Zusanli" (ST 36), "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6) and "Liangmen" (ST 21) for 20 min, once daily for 15 successive days. Blood glucose levels were measured weekly with blood glucose meter and blood glucose test paper. Fecal phenol red excretion method was used to display gastric emptying and small intestinal propulsion function. The expression of RhoA protein in the gastric antral smooth muscle tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot (WB), separately, and that of ROCK, myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT 1) and phosphorylated (p)-MYPT 1 proteins in gastric antrum detected by WB., Results: Compared with the blank control group, the gastric emptying rate and small intestine propulsion rate of the model group were significantly decreased ( P <0.05), and the blood glucose level was remarkably increased ( P <0.05). Moreover, the expression levels of RhoA, ROCK, MYPT 1 and p-MYPT 1 proteins in the gastric antrum were significantly down-regulated relevant to the control group ( P <0.05). After administration of EA, the decreased gastric emptying rate and intestinal propulsion rate, and the down-regulated expression of RhoA, ROCK, MYPT 1 and p-MYPT 1 proteins were significantly increased in the strong, medium and weak EA stimulation groups ( P <0.05). Comparison among the 3 EA groups showed that the strong stimulation was significantly superior to weak stimulation in up-regulating the expression of RhoA, ROCK, MYPT 1 and p-MYPT 1 proteins, and obviously superior to the medium stimulation in up-regulating RhoA and MYPT 1 protein levels ( P <0.05), while the medium stimulation was significantly stronger than the weak stimulation in up-regulating the expression of ROCK, MYPT 1 and p-MYPT 1 proteins ( P <0.05). There were no significant differences among the 3 EA groups in up-regulating the gastric emptying rate and small intestinal propulsion rate, and between the strong stimulation and medium stimulation in the expression levels of ROCK and p-MYPT 1 proteins ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: Electroacupuncture stimulation of ST 36-SP 6-ST 21 at 0.12, 0.24 and 0.36 mA can promote the gastrointestinal motility in DGP rats, which may be associated with its effects in enhancing RhoA/ROCK signaling in the gastric antral smooth muscle at different degrees.

Objective: To observe the effect of manual acupuncture stimulation (MAS) of "Baihui"(GV 20)-"Shenmen"(HT 7)or GV 20-"Sanyinjiao"(SP 6) on sleep and expression of circadian rhythm genes ( Clock and Bmal 1) in the hypothalamus in insomnia rats, so as to select a better acupoint group for insomnia., Methods: A total of 53 SD rats were randomly divided into normal control ( n =12),insomnia model ( n =8), GV 20-HT 7( n =12), GV 20-SP 6( n =11),and GV 20-non-acupoint ( n =10) groups. The insomnia model was established by intraperitoneal injection of p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA,500 mg/kg,100 mg/mL) once daily for 2 days. The MAS (uniform reinforcing-reducing needling) was applied to GV 20-HT 7, GV 20-SP 6 or GV 20-non-acupoint for 30 min,once daily for 7 days. The sleep onset latency and sleep duration were gauged after intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital sodium (35 mg/kg). The expression levels of Clock mRNA and Bmal 1 mRNA in the hypothalamic tissues containing ventrolateral preoptic area (VLPO) and suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) region were detected by fluorescence quantitative real-time PCR., Results: Following administration of pentobarbital sodium,the sleep latency was significantly prolonged and the sleep duration was considerably shortened in rats of the model group( P <0.05). After the treatment, the increased sleep latencies in the GV 20-HT 7, GV 20-SP 6 and GV 20-non-acupoints were all significantly down-regulated ( P <0.05), and the decreased sleep duration was significantly increased only in the GV 20-HT 7 group relevant to the model group ( P <0.05), but not in the GV 20-SP 6 and GV 20-non-acupoint groups ( P <0.05). There were no significant differences in the sleep latency among the 3 treatment groups ( P <0.05). The sleep duration was obviously prolonged in the GV 20-HT 7 group than in the GV 20-SP 6 and GV 20-non-acupoint groups ( P <0.05). After modeling, the expression levels of Clock mRNA and Bmal 1 mRNA in hypothalamic VLPO and SCN regions were significantly down-regulated relevant to the normal control group ( P <0.01). Following the treatment, the expression levels of Clock mRNA in the VLPO and SCN regions of the GV 20-SP 6 and GV 20-HT 7 groups, and those of Bmal 1 mRNA in the VLPO and SCN regions of the 3 treatment groups were considerably increased relevant to the model group ( P <0.05, P <0.01). The effects of GV 20-HT 7 were significantly superior to those of GV 20-SP 6 and GV 20-non-acupoint (and also the action of GV 20-SP 6 was evidently superior to that of GV 20-non-acupoint) in up-regulating the expression of Clock mRNA and Bmal 1 mRNA in both VLPO and SCN regions ( P <0.05, P <0.01)., Conclusions: Manual acupuncture stimulation of GV 20-HT 7 can improve the sleep latency and duration in insomnia rats,which may be associated with its effects in up-regulating the expression levels of circadian Clock mRNA and Bmal 1 mRNA in hypothalamic VLPO and SCN regions, and the efficacy of GV 20-HT 7 is obviously better than that of GV 20-SP 6 and GV 20-non-acupoint.

Objective: To investigate the expression of p16INK4a protein in breast cancer and analyze its clinical significance., Methods: A total of 132 surgical specimens of primary breast cancer obtained between 2014 and 2015 were examined for expressions of ER, PR, CK5/6, Her-2 and p16INK4a proteins using immunohistochemistry., Results: The breast cancer samples were classified into 5 molecular subtypes, namely Luminal A (58 cases), Luminal B (32 cases), Her-2-positive (21 cases), basal-like (12 cases) and normal-like (9 cases) types. p16INK4a expression was negative in 7/132 (5.30%) cases, weakly positive in 15/132 (11.36%) cases, positive in 40/132 (30.30%) cases, and strongly positive in 70/132 (53.03%) cases. When categorizing negative and weakly positive cases into negative group and the positive and strongly positive cases into positive group, the total negative and positive expression rates of p16INK4a were 16.67% (22/132) and 83.33% (110/132) in the carcinoma tissues. Statistical analysis showed the expression intensity of p16INK4a differed significantly between the age groups (P<0.05) but was not significantly correlated with ER, PR, Her-2, molecular subtypes or metastasis of the tumors., Conclusion: The compensatory high expression of p16INK4a is the main mechanism of cell cycle deregulation in invasive breast cancer and can be an important specific molecular marker for invasive breast cancer.

In the course of development, both endogenous and exogenous factors can cause DNA damage, which resulted in somatic mutations. It is recongnized that somatic mutations are the causation of many nervous cancers, the pathogenicity of somatic mutation in developmental malformation of nervous system is unknown yet. With the development of next generation sequencing (NGS), especially the clinical application of the whole-exome sequencing and the targeted massively parallel sequencing, the somatic mutations with low levels can be detected precisely. The detection of low-level and tissue-specific somatic mutation in patients enables researchers to re-recognize the contribution of somatic mutation to neurological disorders. In this review, we systematically summarize the pathogenicity and characteristics of the somatic mutations in the common tumors and developmental malformation of nervous system, and the new technologies to detect somatic mutation in order to extend our understanding of its genetic etiologies and identifying the new drug targets in the future.

The leaf distribution in intercropping canopy is usually laterally and vertically heterogeneous, which makes continuous measurement of light interception very difficult. In order to quantify the light interception by wheat/maize intercropping during different growth stages, a geometrical model was developed in this study to simulate photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) transmission in this system. Measured PAR values in field experiments were used to validate the geometrical model. Results showed that the geometrical model efficiently simulated the PAR transmitted on soil surface under intercropping canopy. The determination coefficients of linear regression between estimated and measured values were 0.947 and 0.950 for 6:2 intercropping (I62) and 12:4 intercropping (I124), respectively. The values of PAR intercepted by I62 intercropping system in 2012 and 2013 were 1061.4 and 924.3 MJ · m(-2), respectively, which were the highest among all cropping systems. The radiation caption ratios (RCRs) of I62 and I124 relative to sole crops were 1.29 and 1.19 during 2012 growing season, and 1.21 and 1.16 during 2013 growing season, respectively.

Objective: To study the association between rs1079595 polymorphisms in the DRD2 gene and the distractibility in school-age children., Methods: The genotyping at rs1079595 was performed and the distractibility was measured based on the temperament questionnaire in 120 8-12 years old school-age children in order to analyze the effects of the rs1079595 polymorphism and its interaction with the gender, age and delivery mode on the distractibility., Results: There was an association between the distractibility and rs1079595 polymorphisms. The distractibility score in children with GG/GT genotypes was significantly higher than in children with the TT genotype (4.3 ± 0.6 vs 4.0 ± 0.7; P<0.05). The interaction between rs1079595 polymorphisms and the delivery mode produced an effect on the distractibility. The normal delivery children with T alleles were associated with a low distractibility (OR=0.037, P<0.01)., Conclusions: The distractibility based the temperament might be influenced by the rs1079595 polymorphism and its interaction with the delivery mode in school-age children.

Dandelion (Taraxacum mongolicum) was hydroponically cultured in a completely enclosed plant factory, in which fluorescence and LED emitting spectra of different bands were used as the sole light source for plant growth. Effects of spectral component on the growth of dandelion were studied and the contents of ten inorganic elements such as K, P, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and B in dandelion were analyzed by ICP-AES technology. The results showed that: (1) Under the condition of similar photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), single R or combined spectrums of FLRB were beneficial for biomass accumulation, while single B was the contrary; (2) Macroelements content ratio in Taraxacum mongolicum grown under FLwas K:Ca:P:Mg : Na=79.74:32.39:24.32:10.55:1.00, microelements content ratio was Fe:Mn:B:Zn:Cu = 9.28:9.71:3.82:2.08:1.00; (3) Red light (peak at 660 nm) could promote the absorptions of Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn, while absorption of Cu was not closely related to spectral conditions; (4) Thehighest accumulation of Ca, Na, Mn and Zn were obtained in aerial parts of Taraxacum mongolicum plants grown under pure red spectrum R, while the accumulation of the rest six elements reached the highest level under the mixed spectrum FLRB.