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In order to achieve in vivo and vitro fluorescence emission and imaging of YOF nanoparticles with high-performance, co-precipitation method was employed to design and fabricate YOF : Yb3+/Er3+ nanoparticles. The phase structure, microstructure, up conversion fluorescence properties and in vivo and vitro fluorescence imaging performance were measured respectively. The results show that the size of the nanoparticles is about 50 nm, and the morphology is between hexagonal and circular; yellow-green light is emitted under 980 nm laser excitation, and the red/green ratio of its upconversion fluorescence spectrum is 3. 287; optimal upconversion fluorescence emission and in vivo and vitro gradient fluorescence imaging performance were achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]