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Soybean soluble dietary fiber (SSDF) was extracted from soy sauce residue and soybean meal. The influence of SSDF on the physicochemical stability and digestive characteristics of soybean oil body (SOB) lotion was investigated by taking the absolute value of Zeta potential, average particle size, peroxide value (POV value), thiobarbituric acid value (TBARS value) and fatty acid release rate (FFA) as characteristic parameters. The results showed that certain concentration of SSDF could effectively reduce the Zeta potential, average particle size, POV value, TBARS value of SOB lotion system, and significantly improve the physical and chemical stability of SOB lotion. In addition, in vitro simulated digestion experiments further showed that the introduction of SSDF can significantly reduce the FFA release rate of SOB emulsion, which effectively delayed the digestion process of lipids in the gastrointestinal tract. This study can provide theoretical basis and reference for the high-value utilization of soybean processing by- products such as soy sauce oil residue and soybean meal, which could improve the processing applicability of SOB, and develop new low-fat health foods containing SOB and SSDF.

Objective To establish age estimation models of northern Chinese Han adults using cranial suture images obtained by CT and multiplanar reformation （MPR）, and to explore the applicability of cranial suture closure rule in age estimation of northern Chinese Han population. Methods The head CT samples of 132 northern Chinese Han adults aged 29-80 years were retrospectively collected. Volume reconstruction （VR） and MPR were performed on the skull, and 160 cranial suture tomography images were generated for each sample. Then the MPR images of cranial sutures were scored according to the closure grading criteria, and the mean closure grades of sagittal suture, coronal sutures （both left and right） and lambdoid sutures （both left and right） were calculated respectively. Finally taking the above grades as independent variables, the linear regression model and four machine learning models for age estimation （gradient boosting regression, support vector regression, decision tree regression and Bayesian ridge regression） were established for northern Chinese Han adults age estimation. The accuracy of each model was evaluated. Results Each cranial suture closure grade was positively correlated with age and the correlation of sagittal suture was the highest. All four machine learning models had higher age estimation accuracy than linear regression model. The support vector regression model had the highest accuracy among the machine learning models with a mean absolute error of 9.542 years. Conclusion The combination of skull CT-MPR and machine learning model can be used for age estimation in northern Chinese Han adults, but it is still necessary to combine with other adult age estimation indicators in forensic practice.

In order to protect the geographical origin information of Chinese chestnut as a geographical indication product, 164 Chinese chestnut samples were collected from 10 provinces, including Qianxi in Hebei, Jixian in Tianjin and Huairou in Beijing for analysis of stable isotopes (C, H, O, and N) and mineral elements using elemental analysis-stable isotope mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to classify the production regions of Chinese chestnut and establish a geographical origin traceability model. The results showed that the cross-validation rate of the OPLS-DA model for the 10 geographical origins was 100%, and the area of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was close to 1. The elements Mg, δ2H, δ18O, Al, Na, δ15N, Cu, Ba, Zn and Th were the main factors (variable importance in the projection, VIP > 1) to distinguish Hebei chestnuts and those from the other nine production regions. The established model can provide an effective theoretical basis for geographical origin discrimination of Chinese chestnut.

In order to improve the quality stability of bacterial-type douchi during industrial production, four different varieties of soybean (LS, DBL, DBS and BS) were used to make bacterial-type douchi, and the modified Gompertz equation was used to fit the changes in the amino nitrogen content of bacterial-type douchi at three different post-fermentation temperatures (15, 25 and 40 ℃). Also, the free amino acid content was determined at the end of fermentation. The results showed that the Gompertz equation could well fit the kinetics of amino nitrogen formation (coefficient of determination > 0.96). The predicted fermentation endpoints at post-fermentation temperatures of 25, 15 and 40 ℃were approximately 9, 10, and 4 days, respectively. The maximum production of amino acid nitrogen in the four bacterial-type douchi at post-fermentation temperature of 15 ℃ decreased in the following order: DBL > LS > DBS > BS, while the maximum production of amino nitrogen at 25 and 40 ℃ decreased in the following order: LS > DBL > DBS > BS. The contents of amino nitrogen and free amino acids in black soybean douchi were significantly lower than those in yellow soybean douchi, but there was no significant difference among douchi from different yellow soybean varieties. After post-fermentation, the proportion of umami amino acids in the four bacterial-type douchi increased, and the proportion of bitter amino acids decreased. The proportion of umami amino acids in the four bacterial-type douchi at post-fermentation temperature of 40 ℃ decreased and the proportion of bitter amino acids increased compared with that at 15 ℃. This may be related to consumption of umami amino acids by the Maillard reaction at high temperatures. The correlation analysis of quality indexes shows that the trend of four bacterial-type douchi was similar. The results of this study can provide theoretical guidance for the industrial production of bacterial-type douchi.

Based on the transmission principle of traditional roller flat plate CVT and the transmission characteristics of bevel gears, a new bevel gear-roller flat plate CVT is proposed, the transmission principle and structural characteristics of the CVT are analyzed, and the mechanical transmission mathematical model between roller and flat plate is established; based on the principles of contact mechanics and tribology, the design and analysis of bevel gear-roller flat plate CVT is carried out. Using Ansys for transient simulation, the results show that the carrying capacity of the new CVT is significantly improved.

为解决玉米胚芽蛋白溶解性低的问题，提高其在食品工业领域的实际应用，以玉米胚芽蛋白为原料,通过酶解、转谷氨酰胺酶(TGase)交联，制备了不同交联时间的玉米胚芽蛋白，利用红外光谱仪和粒度分析仪分析玉米胚芽蛋白结构和表面性质的变化，并检测其溶解性、乳化性、起泡性等功能性质。结果表明：随着交联时间的延长，玉米胚芽蛋白的溶解性、起泡能力、持水性、乳化活性逐渐增强，乳化稳定性变化趋势与之相反，泡沫稳定性先升后降，持油性先降后升；与原样相比，交联3 h的玉米胚芽蛋白的乳化活性提高了16.7倍，持水性和持油性分别增加了9.16%和8.71%；TGase交联反应改变了玉米胚芽蛋白的二级结构，酰胺Ⅰ带的伸缩振动增强， β-转角增多，蛋白质粒径和Zeta电位发生改变，蛋白质结构和表面性质的改变造成其功能性质的变化。综合来看，交联3 h的玉米胚芽蛋白的功能性质表现最佳。 In order to solve the problem of low solubility of corn germ protein and improve its application in the field of food industry, the corn germ protein was used as raw material, and different corn germ proteins were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis and cross-linking with transglutaminase (TGase) at different cross-linking time, and the changes of structure and surface properties of corn germ protein were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy and particle size analyzer, and the functional properties such as solubility, emulsification and foaming were examined. The results showed that with the increase of cross-linking time, the solubility, foaming ability, water-holding capacity and emulsifying activity of corn germ protein gradually increased, the change of emulsifying stability was opposite, foam stability first increased and then decreased, and oil-holding capacity first decreased and then increased. Compared with the original sample, the emulsifying activity of the corn germ protein prepared by cross-linking for 3 h increased by 16.7 times, and the water-holding capacity and oil-holding capacity increased by 9.16% and 8.71%, respectively. The TGase cross-linking reaction changed the secondary structure of corn germ protein, the stretching vibration of the amide I band was enhanced, the β-turn angle increased, the protein particle size and Zeta potential were changed, and the changes of the protein in structure and surface properties resulted in changes of their functional properties. In conclusion, the 3 h cross-linked corn germ protein shows the best functional properties.

Transgenic maize ND207 is an insect-resistant maize with mCry1Ab and mCry2Ab genes developed by China Agricultural University. The objective of this study is to develop the event-specific PCR detection method for ND207. The PCR amplification was performed according to the primers provided by the ND207 developer. The sequence of insertion site of ND207 was sequenced and obtained 262 bp of the 5'-flanking sequence, including 109 bp vector sequence and 153 bp maize genome sequence, 316 bp of the 3'-flanking sequence, including 76 bp vector sequence and 240 bp maize genome sequence. Fourteen primers were designed at both ends to form 25 primer pairs. The best primer pair at the 3' end was selected to optimize the PCR reaction system and reaction condition. The event-specific qualitative PCR detection method of ND207 was established and the PCR product size was 166 bp. After testing, the results showed that the detection limit of this method was 0.1%, equivalent to 20 copies of ND207 specific molecule fragment. Eight GMO safety testing institutions in China tested specificity, detection limit, reproducibility of the method, and the circular verification report revealed that the method met the requirement of the national standard method, which could be promoted and applied in the testing industry. The established event-specific qualitative PCR detection method of ND207 provides the technical support for the safety supervision of ND207 and its derivatives in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AMT is used in hybrid electric vehicle,and the motor and gearbox output shaft coupling rear twin-shaft type structure is adopted,so during the shifting time,the motor will provide power to drive the car,which play the advantages of high transmission efficiency,great capacity of torque and continuous output can play as stepless transmission power strength,and the power performance is improved.By solving the motor power torque during the process of shift,the vehicle simulation model is established in the Avl- Cruise and electric auxiliary strategy of vehicle is built in the MATLAB / Simulink for united simulation studying.The simulation results show that,in the process of shifting,the vehicle acceleration is not obvious drop,at the same time,the speed maintain upward trend,the power performance of vehicle can be improved.

Due to the development of Internet of Things technology, the security protection of embedded systems has become a systemic problem that needs to be considered and tried to be solved urgently. A variety of embedded computer system security protection methods are compared, and ARM TrustZone security protection scheme is analyzed. The main differences between the two technologies (TrustZone-A and TrustZone-M) are analyzed, and the applicable scenarios and implementation characteristics of the two solutions are given. The implementation principle of the trusted startup process based on TrustZone technology is described, and the feasibility of the implementation of abnormal program detection based on the TrustZone-A monitoring mode code is discussed. Finally, combined with typical application scenarios, a security protection scheme based on TrustZone-M technology and an implementation example of a security communication protocol are designed and proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the problems of increasing injection pressure and decreasing water injection volume in water injection wells of an offshore ultra-low permeability reservoir. A nano-emulsion system suitable for depressurization and augmented injection of ultra-low permeability reservoirs has been developed, and its performance has been evaluated. The results show that the nano-emulsion system has good dispersion stability and low viscosity, which can ensure the smooth operation of the construction process. The nano-emulsion system also has good interfacial activity and anti-swelling property. In addition, the natural core of the reservoir is injected into the nanoemulsion system after simulated injection water injection, which can reduce the core displacement pressure by more than 35%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the mechanical properties of cellulose films, chemical crosslinking was used to enhance cellulose films: A high strength cellulose film with a certain UV resistance was prepared by phase conversion with cellulose /DMAc-LiCl solution as casting solution and p-Xylylene dichloride as crosslinking agent, following etherification reaction for crosslinking in NaOH aqueous solution. The synthesized film was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the content of crosslinking agent played a decisive role in the strength of cellulose film. With increasing the amount of crosslinking agent, the original amorphous structure of cellulose was destroyed and a new crystalline Wffflh higher degree of crystallization was formed. The mechanical properties test showed that the cellulose film with best mechanical properties could be prepared when the crosslinking agent was 1:0.125 (molar ratio of--OH : --Cl), the concentration of NaOH was 0.1 mol/L, and the reaction time was 3 h. The tensile strength of the plain film can be increased by 102%, the modulus of elasticity by 32% and the elongation at break by 210%. The mechanical strength of unmodified cellulose films irradiated by ultraviolet light decreased by 24.6%. With the increase of cross-linking agent content, the tensile strength of cellulose films decreased by 16.8%-2.45%. It was proved that the modified cellulose films had certain ultraviolet resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This work lays the foundation for establishing a digital model database with normal occlusion. A digital dental cast is acquired through grating projection, and model features are measured through reverse engineering. Methods The grating projection system controlled by a computer was projected onto the surface of a normal dental model. Three-dimensional contour data were obtained through multi-angle shooting. A three-dimensional model was constructed, and the model features were analyzed by using reverse engineering. The digital model was compared with the plaster model to determine the accuracy of the measurement system. Results The structure of three-dimensional reconstruction model was clear. The digital models of two measurements exhibited no significant difference (P>0.05). When digital and plaster models were measured, we found that the crown length and arch width were not statistically different (P>0.05), whereas the difference between the crown width and arch length was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The reconstruction of a digital model by using the grating projection technique and reverse engineering can be used for dental model measurement in clinic al and scientific research and can provide a scientific method for establishing a digital model database with normal occlusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meteorological Archival and Retrieval System (MARS) is developed by Europe Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) for managing massive meteorological data. Its core technique is to use the multidimensional data model and the data cube to organize and manage meteorological data. The architecture of MARS and the data indexing method of the data cube are studied. On this basis, we propose a metadata retrieval optimization and parallel computation method of data cube in the context of big data. Experiments show that the method can reduce the response time for archival and retrieval of massive meteorological data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chinese medical mechanism of Huanglian Jieduo Decoction on treating Alzheimer's disease(AD) characterized by &quot;toxin damaging brain collateral&quot; is still unclear. This study aims to explore the mechanism of Huanglian Jieduo Decoction on regulating triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2(TREM2)/protein kinase B(Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase 3β(GSK3β) pathway to improve the cognitive deficit in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. APP/PS1 mice of approximately nine months old were randomly divided into the model group, the low, medium, and high(2.5, 5, and 10 g·kg~(-1)) groups of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction, and 0.75 mg·kg~(-1) donepezil hydrochloride group, and the C57BL/6J mice with the same age were taken as the normal group. After one month of continuous oral administration, a Morris water maze was performed to detect the learning and memory ability of mice. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was applied to observe the morphology of neuronal cells in the cortical area of mice. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the protein expressions of β-amyloid(Aβ&#95;(1-42)), CD86, and arginase 1(Arg1). The mRNA levels of interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 in the cortex of mice were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR). The protein expressions of TREM2, phosphoinositide-3 kinase(PI3K), Akt, GSK3β, and beta-catenin(β-catenin) in mouse cortex were determined by Western blot. The results indicated that the escape latency of the model group was significantly prolonged, and the residence time in the target quadrant and the number of crossing the platform were significantly reduced compared with the normal group. Mice in the model group had a significantly lower number of neurons in the cortex and showed nuclear pyknosis and a significant increase in the expressions of Aβ&#95;(1-42) and CD86. The mRNA levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in tissue were significantly increased, IL-10 were increased, while Arg1 were significantly decreased. The expression of TREM2, p-PI3K(Y607), p-Akt(T308), p-GSK3β(Ser9), and β-catenin in the cortex were significantly down-regulated. Compared with the model group, the escape latency of the mice in the administration group was significantly shortened, and the number of crossing the platform and the residence time in the target quadrant were significantly increased. Furthermore, the number of neurons in the cortex of mice was increased, and nuclear pyknosis was improved. Aβ&#95;(1-42) deposition was decreased significantly. The mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and CD86 were significantly decreased, while IL-10 and Arg1 levels were significantly increased. The expression of TREM2, p-PI3K(Y607), p-Akt(T308), p-GSK3β(Ser9), and β-catenin protein in the cortex of each administration group was significantly up-regulated compared with the model group. In conclusion, Huanglian Jiedu Decoction reduced the expression of Aβ&#95;(1-42) and neuroinflammation to a neuro-protective effect, thereby improving the learning and memory ability in APP/PS1 mice, which may be related to the TREM2/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway.

Ozone pollution is intensifying in China, and its related studies are weak in non-focus regions and non-focus cities. Here, we investigated the characteristics and sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at three sampling sites in Zhanjiang. We analyzed 101 VOCs using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/hydrogen ion flame detector (GC-MS/FID) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a Summa canister and DNPH adsorption tube. We calculated the ozone formation potential (OFP) of VOCs and used the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model for source apportionment. The results showed that the mean φ (TVOCs) was 1.28×10 -7 , and the dominant contributors were OVOCs (52%), followed by alkanes (36%), alkenes (7%), halogenated hydrocarbons (2.42%), aromatic hydrocarbons (1.61%), and alkynes (0.78%). The diurnal variation in VOCs was influenced by photochemical reactions; the ratio of aromatic hydrocarbons and alkanes was high in the morning and evening and low at noon, whereas OVOCs had a low ratio in the morning and noon and high in the evening, influenced by primary emissions and the upwind transport of pollutants. The OFP was 3.28×10 -7 , and the dominant species were formaldehyde, butene, n -butane, butanone, and acetaldehyde.The analysis of X/E values (characterizing the aging degree of air masses) and backward trajectories of air masses showed that during the sampling, when influenced by air masses from the south or southwest, X/E was small, and the aging degree of air masses was high, indicating the influence of regional transport; when influenced by air masses from the east or southeast direction, X/E was large, and the air masses were fresh, and VOCs were mainly from local emissions. Six emission sources of VOCs, including industrial emissions, gasoline vehicle exhaust and gasoline evaporation, regional background and transport sources, biomass combustion, diesel vehicles and marine shipping emissions, and solvent use emission sources, were resolved using the PMF model, with contributions of 36.05%, 28.99%, 13.84%, 10.13%, 7.05%, and 3.95%, respectively.Zhanjiang should strengthen the supervision of formaldehyde, butene, n-butane and butanone, industry sources, and mobile sources as the focus of control.

Wetlands play an important role in maintaining ecosystem functions. Wetlands in China have suffered intensive human disturbance, especially before 2000, resulting in great losses and degradation. Therefore, two national wetland resource surveys were carried out by the Chinese government during 1998-2003 and 2008-2013 to determine the status of wetlands, understand their dynamics, and provide substantial data that can aid scientific wetland conservation. Based on the survey data, the spatial pattern and spatial autocorrelation were explored using the standard deviation ellipse as well as global and local spatial autocorrelation statistics. GIS mapping was employed to display the results via the visualization of the spatial patterns and relationships. Results indicate that:① Changes in the wetlands of China are significant and exhibit obvious regional differences. The center of the ellipse of the total wetlands has moved to the west, and the degree of spatial differentiation between natural wetlands and artificial wetlands is increasing. There is no significant spatial autocorrelation for changes in artificial wetlands. ② The changes in natural wetlands are significantly spatially autocorrelated and clustered, which are identified by global Moran's I and local Moran's I . The hotspots of natural wetland change are concentrated primarily in Qinghai, Tibet, and Sichuan. The individual hotspot is in Inner Mongolia and the cold spot is in Henan. The difference in spatial autocorrelation between natural and artificial wetland changes indicates that natural wetland changes have shown spatial continuity, while artificial wetland changes have shown strong spatial randomness. ③ Some useful spatial associations are used to delineate wetland conservation effects. Then, three major or five minor effective protection management regions are identified. Wetland conservation efforts should be continuously strengthened and improved, especially in the middle-lower Yangtze River region of central China. The use of Moran statistics helps to reveal spatial autocorrelation and identify the conservation effects in wetland changes, which can provide a basis for decision-making in regional wetland conservation and management systems.

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of "Yinqi Guiyuan" needling in the treatment of primary insomnia., Methods: A total of 79 primary insomnia outpatients were randomly divided into treatment group ( n =40) and control group ( n =39). The patients in the control group were given oral Estazolam tablets once a day, for successive 4 weeks. For patients of the treatment group, Zhongwan (CV12), Xiawan (CV10), Qihai (CV6), Guanyuan (CV4), Baihui (GV20), etc., were punctured with filiform needles for 30 min. The treatment was conducted three times per week for 4 successive weeks. The sleep quality (sleeping quality, falling asleep time, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep disorders, hypnotic and daytime dysfunction, 0 to 21 points) was evaluated by using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The severity of insomnia (self-perception, sleep satisfaction, daytime function damage, sensibility change, and concern for sleep problems, 0 to 28 points) was assessed using insomnia severity index (ISI) score. The therapeutic effect was evaluated according to the PSQI score reduction rate = (pre-treatment PSQI score-post-treatment PSQI score)/pre-treatment PSQI score ×100%., Results: After treatment, the total score of PSQI, ISI and the score of each item were all significantly reduced in the two groups relevant to their own pre-treatment ( P <0.05). The total score, and scores of hypnotic and daytime dysfunction were significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group ( P <0.05). Of the 40 and 39 cases in the treatment and control groups, 5 (12.50%) and 4 (10.25%) were cured, 20 (50.00%) and 18 (46.15%) experienced marked improvement, 12 (30.00%) and 13 (33.33%) were effective, and 3 (7.50%) and 4 (10.25%) ineffective, with the total effective rate being 92.50% and 89.74%, respectively. No significant difference was found between the two groups in the effective rate ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: "Yinqi Guiyuan" needling and Estazolam are comparable in treatment primary insomnia, and the former is superior to the latter in avoiding hypnotic drug use and in improving daytime function.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose a potential threat to ecosystems due to their mutagenic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic effects. Microbial degradation has been suggested as the best way to remove PAHs from contaminated environments. Screening of bacterial strains capable of efficiently degrading PAHs is the key to the bio-remediation technique. With the method of enrichment culture, the bacterial strain LX2, which can use pyrene as the sole carbon source, was isolated from sludge contaminated with PAHs. The strain was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( Pseudomonas sp. LX2) according to the results of the analyses of its morphology, physiology, and phylogeny of its 16S rDNA sequence. The degradation rate of pyrene by Pseudomonas sp. LX2 was 32.1% after 21 days of cultivation at an initial pyrene concentration of 50 mg·L -1 . Pyrene, 4,5-dihydro-, 2'-Hydroxypropiophenone, Phenol, and Protocatechuate were identified as the major metabolites by GC/MS analysis. Based on the identified metabolites, it was concluded that pyrene was degraded via two different routes by Pseudomonas aeruginosa , namely the 'naphthalene' and the 'phthalic acid' routes.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of Astragaloside IV (AST) on diastolic function of rat thoracic aorta rings which was injured by microvesicles derived from hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and the mechanism of AST., Methods: H/R-induced endothelial microvesicles (H/R-EMVs) were generated from cultured HUVECs in vitro under the condition of hypoxia for 12 hour/Reoxygenation for 4 hour, H/R-EMVs were stored in D-Hank's solution. Male Wistar rats were underwent thoracotomy, the thoracic aorta with intact endothelium were carefully removed and cut into 3~4 mm rings. The experiment was divided into six groups. H/R-EMVs group:thoracic aortic rings of rats were incubated in culture medium and treated with H/R-EMVs in a final concentration of 10 μ g/ml; different doses of AST groups:thoracic aortic rings of rats were treated with 10, 20, 40, 60 mg/L AST co-incubated with 10 μ g/ml H/R-EMVs respectively; control group were treated with the same volume of D-Hank's solution. Duration of incubation was 4 h, each group was tested in five replicate aortic rings. Effects of AST on endothelium-dependent relaxation were detected. The production of nitric oxide (NO) and the level of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), phosphorylated eNOS (p-eNOS, Ser-1177), serine/threonine kinase (Akt), phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt, Ser-473), extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2) and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2, Thr202/Tyr204) of rat thoracic aortic rings were detected., Results: Ten μ g/ml H/R-EMVs could impaire the relaxation of rat thoracic aortic rings significantly ( P <0.01). Compared with H/R-EMVs group, relaxation of rat thoracic aortic rings was increased by 20, 40 and 60 mg/L AST in a concentration-dependent manner ( P <0.01), the level of NO production was also enhanced ( P <0.05, P <0.01). The level of t-eNOS, t-Akt and ERK1/2 was not changed, but the level of p-eNOS, p-Akt and p-ERK1/2 increased by the treatment with AST ( P <0.01)., Conclusions: AST could effectively ameliorate endotheliumdependent relaxation of rat thoracic aortic rings impaired by H/R-EMVs in a concentration-dependent manner, the mechanism might involve the increase in production of NO, and the protein level of p-eNOS, p-Akt and p-ERK1/2.

To conduct multiple-reaction monitoring(MRM) quantitative analysis with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry method(UPLC-MS/MS), determine the concentrations of psoralen, isopsoralen, bakuchiol and dehydrodiisoeugenol in plasma under positive iron mode with chloramghenicol as internal standard, and investigate the pharmacokinetics process of the main components before and after oral administration of drug pair Psoralea corylifolia -Myristica fragrants. Thirty-six SD rats were randomly divided into three group(A, B, C) and received P. corylifolia extract, P. corylifolia-M. fragrants extract, and M. fragrants extract respectively by intragastric administration. The plasma samples were collected at different time points. In the plasma samples, psoralen, isopsoralen, bakuchiol and dehydrodiisoeugenol showed good linear relationship within concentration rages of 0.098 125 to 39.25, 0.084 37 to 33.75, 0.046 875 to 18.75, and 0.11 to 2.2 mg•L⁻¹ respectively. The precision and stability results showed that the determination method of plasma concentration for such compositions was stable and reliable. The pharmacokinetic parameters obtained by DAS 2.0 showed varying differences before and after compatibility. According to the experimental results, the compatibility of P. corylifolia and M. fragrants can significantly impact the pharmacokinetic process of main components, expand their distribution and accelerate their metabolism and elimination in vivo., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective To observe moderate angiogenic effect of Xuefu Zhuyu Capsule (XFZYC) on human microvascular endothelial cell line 1 ( HMEC-1) , and its regulation effect on expression of EphB4/EphrinB2. Methods The moderate angiogenic effect of XFZYC was clarified by detecting XFZYC containing serum on cell viability, cell cycle, migration, adhesion and in vitro angiogenesis. Its effects on expressions of EphB4/EphrinB2 were detected by Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot. Results XFZYC containing serum (XFZYC-CS) had no effect on the cell viability or cell ratio in phase S endothelial cells. Cell migration was significantly improved by 1.25% XFZYC-CS after 24, 48, and 72 h of action 2. 50% XFZYC-CS inhibited cell migration at the primary 24 h, but it significantly promoted cell migration at 48 and 72 h afterwards. It showed just an opposite tendency to 5. 00% XFZYC-CS. Cellular adhesion number was significantly reduced by 1. 25% XFZYC-CS at 72 h. Cellular adhesion number was significant- ly increased by 2. 50% XFZYC-CS at 24 and 48 h, but inhibited at 72 h 5. 00% XFZYC-CS showed inhibition at 24 h, but turned to promotion, and disappeared afterwards. In vessel formation aspect, only 2.50% XFZYC-CS showed vessel formation promotion 5. 00% XFZYC-CS showed inhibition on vessel formation at 48 and 72 h. Results of Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot in 2. 50% XFZYC-CS showed EphB4 expression was up-regulated at 12 h; EphB4 expression was down-regulated while EphrinB2 expression was up-regulated at 24 h. Conclusions Only 2. 50% XFZYC-CS at 48 h had promotion of migration, adhe- sion, and in vitro angiogenesis of HMEC-1 , which was the optimal condition for vessel growth. These re- sults suggested XFZYC promoted angiogenesis in certain conditional limitations. But it regulated the ex- pression of EphB4/EphrinB2, which might be one of important factors.

To reveal the spatiotemporal characteristics of nutrients in the deposition process of suspended solids in lakeside zone, in situ deposition tests were performed in the western lakeside of Taihu Lake,and the contents of TP,TN,NH 4 + -N and NO 3 - -N were measured and analyzed.The results showed that the deposition fluxes in the western lakeside of Taihu Lake ranked as follows:artificial reed areas >non-vegetation nearshore areas >natural reed areas >non-vegetation offshore areas,with their average values of (1383.40±925.60),(1208.67±743.50),(278.72±142.53),(245.58±154.25) g·(m 2 ·d) -1 ,respectively.From the 6th day,the deposition volume steadily increased,with the deposition rate larger than the decomposition rate.Through the 15-day continuous in situ observation,the content of TP in nearshore zone was 2-3 folds larger than that of offshore zone,and the content of NH 4 + -N was significantly different from that of NO 3 - -N in the settlement bottle ( P <0.01).The deposition volume was significantly and positively correlated to both TN and NH 4 + -N contents in the water column ( P <0.01, n =42),suggesting that the TN and NH 4 + -N contents in the overlying water increased with the deposition fluxes.The correlation coefficient between TN and NH 4 + -N was 0.84,implicating that the increase of deposition flux may accelerate the mutual transformation between different forms of nitrogen.These findings should be taken into account in the current control of black blooms and nutrient management in Taihu Lake.

The aim of present study is to investigate the protective effects and mechanism of salvianolic acid A (SAA) on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. The model was established with middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) with ischemia for 1.5 h and reperfusion for 24 h in adult male SD rats. After the behavior assessment, TTC assay was used to calculate the infarct volume of rat brain; the distribution of Nrf2 in nuclear and cytoplasm and expression of HO-1 were detected by Western blot. The PC12 cells injury model was established with oxygen-glucose deprivation for 6 h and reintroduction for 24 h. Cell viability was determined with MTT assay, and the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 were detected through immunofluorescence staining. The mechanisms were investigated in PC12 cells with Nrf2 knocking down by siRNA. SAA (10 and 20 mg·kg(-1)) significantly reduced the neuronal damage in MCAO/R model, and SAA(0.5 and 5 μmol·L(-1)) increased cell viability in PC12 cells injury model. Meanwhile, the nuclear translocation of Nrf-2 and the expression of HO-1 were increased in PC12 cell and rats brain. SAA exhibited anti-cerebral ischemia- reperfusion effects. The mechanism may be related to activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, which promotes the synthesis and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 to enhance the expression of the antioxidant protein HO-1.

Objective: To assess the relative validity of food frequency questionnaire( FFQ) for estimating dietary nutrients and food intakes., Methods: Using random sampling methods to select 200 people from Minhang District and Jinshan District. Dietary intakes were estimated by weighed dietary records combining with 24 h dietary recalls( as reference method) and food frequency questionnaire. Relative validity were examined by T-test, Wilcoxon rank test and correlation analysis., Results: The foods groups were the same in FFQ and 24 h dietary recalls. Correlated with daily intake of grains, beans and products, vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, fruits, meat and poultry, aquatic product, milk and products in two methods( Correlation coefficients: 0. 248- 1. 000). The daily food of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, cholesterol had significantly positive correlation in FFQ and 24 h dietary recalls( Correlation coefficients: 0. 209- 0. 340). No statistical difference in energy and fat. The daily food of Mg, K, P, Mn, I, Ca, Se had significantly positive correlation in two methods( Correlation coefficients: 0. 204-0. 419). No statistical difference in Mg, K, P, Mn, I. The daily food of vitamin B1、B2、C、niacin had significantly positive correlation in two methods( Correlation coefficients:0. 170- 0. 305). No statistical difference in vitamin B1、B2., Conclusion: Food frequency questionnaire can be used to evaluate dietary intakes of I, cruciferous vegetables, soy isoflavones, energy, fat, Mg, K, P, Mn, vitamin B1 and vitamin B2.

Pollution characteristic and variation trend of atmospheric carbonyls were investigated in November during the 2014 Beijing APEC. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were the dominant carbonyls, accounting for 82.66% of total carbonyls, and especially, formaldehyde accounted for 40.12% of total carbonyls. Atmospheric concentrations of total carbonyls decreased by around 64.10% after the clean air policy was carried out during the Beijing APEC, and the variation trend of carbonyls showed a similar pattern to those of other pollutants like PM₂.₅ during the APEC. Strong correlations (R² of 0.67-0.98) were observed among formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone and total carbonyls during and after the APEC, indicating that they had similar sources; however, poor correlations (R² of -0.11-0.42 and 0.16-0.94, respectively) were observed before the APEC, implying different emission sources for ambient carbonyls. The calculated ratios of C1/C2, C2/C3 and OC/EC indicated that both vehicles and coal emissions were responsible for atmospheric carbonyls before the APEC, and emissions from coal burning were the major contributor to atmospheric carbonyls during and after the APEC, especially after the APEC.

Objective: To investigate the effects of circulating microvesicles (MVs) derived from ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats and explore the underlying mechanism., Methods: To establish the IPC model, the rats were subjected to brief cycles of left anterior descending (LAD) coronary occlusion and reperfusion. The blood was drawn from abdominal aorta once the operation was finished. IPC-MVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation from the peripheral blood and characterized by flow cytometry. The myocardial I/R model of rats was established in vivo. Rats were injected via the femoral vein with IPC-MVs at 7 mg/kg. Morphological changes of myocardium were observed microscopically after HE staining. Apoptosis of myocardial cells was detected with TUNEL assay. Myocardial infarct size was detected by TTC staining. Moreover, activity of plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was tested by colorimetry. The activity of caspase 3 in myocardium was assayed with spectrophotometry. Expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax protein were examined with Western blot., Results: The concentration of IPC-MVs, which was detected by flow cytometry, was 4380±745 cells/ μ l. Compared with I/R group, IPC-MVs alleviated the damage of tissues in I/R injured rats significantly. The myocardial infarct size and the cardiomyocyte apoptotic index were obviously decreased after IPC-MVs treatment ( P <0.01, respectively). The activity of plasma LDH was significantly decreased in IPC-MVs treated rats ( P <0.01). Moreover, the activity of caspase 3 was markedly decreased after IPC-MVs treatment ( P <0.01). In addition, the expression of Bcl-2 was increased ( P <0.01), the expression of Bax was decreased ( P <0.01), the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was significantly increased after IPC-MVs treatment ( P <0.01)., Conclusions: IPC-MVs protected myocardial against I/R injury by up-regulating the expression of Bcl-2 protein, down-regulating the expression of Bax protein, increasing the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and decreasing cleavage of caspase 3.

Different breeds of cows affect the form of fat exist in dairy products and the final functionality, which depended mainly on the composition of the milk fat globules(MFG). However, the relationship between the composition and breeds has not been illuminated. In our study, differences in the lipid content and fatty acid composition of native bovine, buffalo and yak MFG were investigated by confocal Raman spectroscopy. The research offers the possibility of acquisition and analysis of the Raman signal without disruption of the structure of fat globule. The results showed that yak MFG had a higher ratio of band intensities at 2 885/2 850 cm(-1), indicating yak MFG tend to have a triglyceride core in a fluid state with a milk fat globule membrane in a crystalline state. The buffalo and yak MFG had a higher level of unsaturation compared to bovine MFG, shown by a higher ratio of band intensities at 1 655/1 744 cm(-1). The results indicate that small MFG of buffalo is more unsaturated than yak, while the large MFG of buffalo is less unsaturated than the yak. Thus, selective use of cream with yak MFG would allow a harder and more costly churning process but lead to a softer butter. Buffalo milk which contains larger MFG is more suitable for cream and MFG membrane separation.

Objective: To study the simultaneous determination method of daodi Psoraleae Fructus-Myristicae Semen Chinese drug pair for the seven ingredients, and Psoraleae Fructus-Myristicae Semen Chinese drug pair on the chemical composition of initial ownership and identification., Methods: UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.7 µm) was used in the determination. The flow rate was kept at 0.25 mL/min, and 2 µL of standard and sample solution were injected in each run. The mobile phase was consisted of acetonitrile and water using a gradient elution. The UPLC/Q-TOF MS condition: Waters HSS T3 (100 mm x 2.1 mm,1.7 µm); capillary voltage 3.0 kV (positive ion mode) and 2.5 kV (negative ion mode); Mass spectrometric detection was carried out on a Waters Xevo G2 Q/ TOF mass spectrometer equipped with an ESI source operating in both positive and negative ion modes. The parameters of the mass spectrometer under the ESI mode were as follows: ion source temperature 110 °C, cone gas flow 50 L/h, desolvation gas temperature 450 °C, desolvation gas flow 800 L/h., Results: The seven chemical markers in the selected linear range had good linearity. The recoveries were in the range of 95.07%-98.16% and RSDs were between 1.23%-1.97%., Conclusion: It is suitable for the quality control and further studies of the herb in vivo of daodi Psoraleae Fructus-Myristicae Semen Chinese drug pair.

Salvianolic acid A (Sal A) is one of the most effective compounds isolated from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Up to now, several studies regarding the pharmacokinetic profiles of Sal A have been reported, however there is no such study reported in monkeys, the species which is more similar to human. The aim of this study is to develop a LC-MS method for the determination of Sal A in monkey plasma and apply it to the pharmacokinetic studies of monkeys. After single intravenous administration of Sal A, the plasma concentration-time curves were observed and the main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. The plasma concentration at 2 min (C2 (min)) values were (28.343 ± 6.426), (45.679 ± 12.301) and (113.293 ± 24.360) mg x L(-1) for Rhesus monkeys treated with Sal A at 2.5, 5 and 10 mg x kg(-1). The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC(0-∞)) values were (3.316 ± 0.871), (5.754 ± 2.150) and (13.761 ± 2.825) μg x L(-1) x h, respectively. Furthermore, this method was improved and applied to the simultaneous determination of Sal A, Sal B and Sal C, which provided useful information for preclinical studies and clinical trials of Sal A, Sal B and Sal C.

Objective: To understand the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in 27 counties (cities, districts) that reached the criteria of schistosomiasis infection controlled in Anhui Province., Methods: According to the requirement of The National Assessment Scheme of Schistosomiasis, 81 administrative villages where the schistosomiasis epidemic situation was relatively heaver in above-mentioned 27 counties (1 village per town, 3 towns per county) were sampled and investigated., Results: From 2012 to 2014, 81 villages were investigated, and 34,293 residents received the serum examinations, and 1,086 were positive with a positive rate of 3.17% (0.65%-9.58%), and the positives received stool examinations and the average stool positive rate was 0.37% (0-4.0%). The calculated prevalence of human infection was 0.01%. A total of 3 057 domestic animals were investigated including 438 cattle, 2,550 sheep, and 69 other animals, and no infections were detected. A total of 11,261 living Oncomelania hupensis snails were collected and detected, but no schistosome infected snails were found. Before this investigation, no infected snails were detected for more than 2 years [average 2.3 (2-6) years], and no acute schistosome infection cases were found for more than 2 years [average 4.9 (2-9) years]., Conclusion: The infection rates of schistosomiasis in residents and domestic animals are relatively low, and no schistosome infected snails are found in the regions.

Objective: To observe cardiac ultrastructure and the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and hypoxia inducible factor-lα (HIF-lα) in electric shock death rats and to explore the application of these indexes as the basis of medical identification in electric shock death., Methods: Seventy-two SD rats were randomly divided into electric shock death group, postmortem electric shock group and the control group. The changes of myocardial ultrastructure were observed by transmission electron microscope, and the expressions of myocardial HSP70 and HIF-1α were observed by immunohistochemical technology., Results: Myocardial myofibril fracture, mitochondrial cristae and membrane dissolution, and disordered arrangement of Z lines and M lines were observed in electric shock rats. HSP70 and HIF-lα were strong positive expressions in the electric shock death group, significantly compared with the control and postmortem electric shock groups (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The expressions of HSP70 and HIF-lα were obviously increased in electric shock death group, which may be used as the diagnostic indicator of electric shock death.

Objective: To investigate and clarify the key surgical techniques and evaluate clinical effectiveness of modular cementless femoral stems(LINK MP modular stem) in complex revision hip arthroplasty., Methods: From January 2002 to December 2013, 470 patients in Chinese PLA General Hospital received revision hip arthroplasties using MP stems. Among them, 246 patients were followed for an average of 5.7 years (ranged, 0.5 to 11 years). There were 148 males and 98 females, with an average age of 62.5 years old (ranged from 26 to 83 years old). The most common reason for revision was aseptic loosening of femoral stems (107 cases, 43.5%), followed by prosthetic joint infection (104 cases, 42.3%). Other reasons included unexplained hip or thigh pain, periprosthetic femoral fracture, prosthesis wear and dislocation. According to Paprosky classification of femoral deficiency, there were 171 cases of type IIIA (69.5%), 14 cases of type I, 39 cases of type II, and 22 cases of type IIIB. The average preoperative Harris hip score (HHS) was 37.4 ± 7.5. In addition, radiographic presentation, degree of patients' subjective satisfaction, and clinical effectiveness were assessed as well., Results: The average Harris score was im- proved to 87.8 ± 4.2 after operation,with significant statistical difference when compared to preoperative score (t = 92.13,P = 0.00). Analysis of patients' subjective satisfaction for leg length discrepancy, stability and overall degree of satisfaction showed that the number of patients with great satisfaction were 27, 60, 61 respectively. The most common complication was the periprosthetic fracture (intraoperatively 21 cases and postoperatively 8 cases). Other complications included infection (7 cases), dislocation (5 cases), numbness possibly caused by incomplete sciatic nerve injury (6 cases) and thigh swelling (3 cases). The X-ray taken at the final follow-up revealed that prosthesis subsidence occurred in 4 cases, 2 of which needed a second revision., Conclusion: The application of modular cementless femoral stems (LINK MP modular stem) in complex revision hip arthroplasty (especially in cases with the serious defect of proximal femoral bone) shows good results at both the short-term and long-term follow-up, especially in the revision for prosthetic infection with the high success rate. In order to avoid complications and improve clinical outcomes,the surgeons should carefully select proper surgery candidates,perform the procedure with care, and master the key surgical techniques.

To enhance the quality and efficiency of ozagrel by investigating the differences between the ozagrel polymorphs in bioavailability. Solid ozagrel in different polymorph forms were orally administered to SD rats. An HPLC method was established to determinate plasma level of ozagrel. The bioavailabilities of two polymorph forms were calculated and compared. The pharmacokinetic parameters of ozagrel, were as follows: Cmax was 32.72 ± 17.04 and 34.01 ± 19.13 mg · L(-1), respectively; AUC0-t was 61.14 ± 14.76 and 85.56 ± 18.08 mg · L(-1) · h, respectively; t½ was 1.53 ± 0.51 and 4.73 ± 3.00 h, respectively. There was no significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters between form I and II polymorphs of ozagrel while the t½ of form II is longer, which indicates that the use of form II polymorph as pharmaceutical product may prolong the effective action time in clinics. This would help the polymorph quality control in drug production.

Objective: To compare the immune function after laparoscopic surgery (LS) and conventional open surgery(OS) for colorectal cancer (CRC)., Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Database were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials published before August 2013 concerning the immunological difference between LS and OS. Data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers and data analysis was performed using Review Manager ver. 4.3.1., Results: Twelve studies including 638 patients (307 in LS group and 331 in OS group) were eligible for analysis. Overall analysis demonstrated that no significant differences were identified for blood C-reactive protein level on postoperative days (POD) 0-1 (P=0.40), plasma lymphocyte count on POD 1-3 (P=0.92) and POD 4-7 (P=0.64), plasma CD4⁺ T cell count on POD 1-7 (P=0.63), plasma CD8⁺ T cell count on POD 4-7 (P=0.09), and plasma NK cell count POD 1-3 (P=0.34) as well as POD 4-7 (P=0.46). Data analysis also showed that a significantly lower serum level of IL-6 on POD 0-1 after LS (WMD=-25.03, 95% CI:-34.06 to -15.99, P=0.000), and a significantly higher plasma level of CD8⁺ T cell count on POD 1-3 after LS(WMD=0.05, 95% CI:0.01 to 0.08, P=0.004)., Conclusions: Although postoperatively short-term humoral immune function trends to be better after LS for CRC compared to OS, there is no sufficient evidence to support superior preservation of global immune function after acute reactive phase.