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目的 本研究通过探讨N6-甲基腺苷（N6-methyladenosine，m6A）修饰及其调控蛋白在脑缺血小鼠中的表达变化，为脑缺血治疗的分子靶点研究提供参考。 方法 取60只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠，随机分为假手术组、脑缺血1 d组、脑缺血3 d组和脑缺血7 d组，每组各15只，采用线栓法制作右侧大脑中动脉梗死模型，于缺血1 h进行拔栓再灌注。通过RNA提取及斑点印迹实验检测小鼠缺血侧脑组织RNA m6A水平；使用荧光定量逆转录PCR检测小鼠缺血侧脑组织甲基转移酶3（methyltransferase 3，Mettl3）、甲基转移酶14（methyltransferase 14，Mettl14）、FTO α-酮戊二酸酯依赖性双加氧酶（FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase，Fto）、RNA去甲基化酶alkB同源基因5（alkB homolog 5，RNA demethylase；Alkbh5）、YTH N6-甲基腺苷RNA结合蛋白1（YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 1，Ythdf1）、Ythdf2和Ythdf3的mRNA表达水平；利用免疫印迹实验检测缺血侧脑组织Mettl3、Mettl14、Fto、Alkbh5、Ythdf1、Ythdf2和Ythdf3蛋白的表达水平；借助免疫荧光染色观察缺血侧脑组织梗死周边区神经元中Mettl3、Fto、Ythdf1、Ythdf2和Ythdf3蛋白的表达变化情况。 结果 与假手术组相比，脑缺血3 d组脑组织RNA的m6A水平升高（1.620±0.339 vs. 1.000±0.192，P=0.0343）。①甲基转移酶表达情况：脑缺血7 d组Mettl3 mRNA水平降低（0.675±0.059 vs. 1.000±0.131，P=0.0331）；脑缺血1 d组Mettl3（0.548±0.107 vs. 1.000±0.056，P=0.0398）、Mettl14（0.534±0.218 vs. 1.000±0.018，P=0.0108）蛋白表达水平降低；脑缺血3 d组Mettl3（0.410±0.341 vs. 1.000±0.056，P=0.0084）、Mettl14（0.429±0.283 vs. 1.000±0.018，P=0.0026）蛋白表达水平也均下降；免疫荧光染色显示脑缺血3 d组梗死周边区神经元中Mettl3蛋白表达减少。②去甲基化酶表达情况：脑缺血1 d组（0.405±0.209 vs. 1.000±0.142，P=0.0108）、脑缺血3 d组（0.530±0.125 vs. 1.000±0.142，P=0.0412）Fto蛋白表达水平降低；免疫荧光染色显示脑缺血3 d组梗死周边区神经元中Fto表达减少。③m6A结合蛋白表达情况：脑缺血1 d组Ythdf1 mRNA水平降低（0.708±0.046 vs. 1.000±0.117，P=0.0331），Ythdf3 mRNA水平升高（1.473±0.093 vs. 1.000±0.142，P=0.0012）；脑缺血3 d组Ythdf1（0.593±0.240 vs. 1.000±0.117，P=0.0034）、Ythdf2（0.664±0.177 vs. 1.000±0.200，P=0.0100）mRNA水平降低，Ythdf3 mRNA水平升高（1.451±0.281 vs. 1.000±0.142，P=0.0018）；脑缺血1 d组Ythdf1（0.486±0.177 vs. 1.000±0.091，P=0.0197）、Ythdf3（0.536±0.107 vs. 1.000±0.125，P=0.0400）蛋白表达水平降低；脑缺血3 d组Ythdf1（0.404±0.299 vs. 1.000±0.091，P=0.0079）、Ythdf2（0.279±0.189 vs. 1.000±0.261，P=0.0136）、Ythdf3（0.450±0.220 vs. 1.000±0.125，P=0.0157）蛋白表达水平均降低；免疫荧光染色显示脑缺血3 d组梗死周边区神经元中m6A结合蛋白Ythdf1、Ythdf2、Ythdf3表达均减少。 结论 小鼠脑缺血后可能由Fto表达下调导致m6A水平升高，Ythdf1、Ythdf2、Ythdf3蛋白表达水平趋势基本一致，可能存在功能冗余。 Abstract: Objective To explore the expression changes of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and its regulatory proteins in mouse models with cerebral ischemia and to provide a reference for finding potential molecular targets for cerebral ischemia therapy. Methods A total of 60 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham-operated group, 1 day post-ischemia group, 3 days post-ischemia group, and 7 days post-ischemia group, with 15 mice in each group. The model of right middle cerebral artery occlusion was established in C57BL/6J mice by thread embolization method. Reperfusion was achieved after 1 hour of ischemia. RNA extraction and dot blotting were used to detect the levels of RNA m6A in the ischemic side of the mouse brain. Fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of methyltransferase 3 (Mettl3); methyltransferase 14 (Mettl14); FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase (Fto); alkB homolog 5, RNA demethylase (Alkbh5); YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 1 (Ythdf1); Ythdf2; and Ythdf3 in the ischemic side of the mouse brain. Western blot was used to measure the protein expression levels of Mettl3, Mettl14, Fto, Alkbh5, Ythdf1, Ythdf2, and Ythdf3 in the ischemic side of the brain. Meanwhile, immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the expression changes of Mettl3, Fto, Ythdf1, Ythdf2, and Ythdf3 in the neurons of the ischemic side of the brain. Results Compared with the sham-operated group, the m6A level of the brain tissue RNA in 3 days post-ischemia group was increased (1.620±0.339 vs. 1.000±0.192, P=0.0343). ①Expression of methyltransferase: the mRNA level of Mettl3 decreased (0.675±0.059 vs. 1.000±0.131, P=0.0331) in 7 days post-ischemia group. The protein levels of Mettl3 (0.548±0.107 vs. 1.000±0.056, P=0.0398) and Mettl14 (0.534±0.218 vs. 1.000±0.018, P=0.0108) decreased in 1 day post-ischemia group. The protein levels of Mettl3 (0.410±0.341 vs. 1.000±0.056, P=0.0084) and Mettl14 (0.429±0.283 vs. 1.000±0.018, P=0.0026) decreased in 3 days post-ischemia group. Immunofluorescence staining revealed a reduction of Mettl3 expression in the neurons around the cerebral infarction area in 3 days post-ischemia group. ②Expression of demethylase: Fto protein levels were decreased in 1 day post-ischemia group (0.405±0.209 vs. 1.000±0.142, P=0.0108) and 3 days post-ischemia group (0.530±0.125 vs. 1.000±0.142, P=0.0412). Immunofluorescence staining showed that the expression of Fto in the neurons around the cerebral infarction area decreased after 3 days of cerebral ischemia. ③Expression of m6A binding protein: Ythdf1 mRNA level decreased in 1 day post-ischemia group (0.708±0.046 vs. 1.000±0.117, P=0.0331), while Ythdf3 mRNA level was increased (1.473±0.093 vs. 1.000±0.142, P=0.0012). The mRNA levels of Ythdf1 (0.593±0.240 vs. 1.000±0.117, P=0.0034) and Ythdf2 (0.664±0.177 vs. 1.000±0.200, P=0.0100) in 3 days post-ischemia group decreased, while the mRNA level of Ythdf3 was increased (1.451±0.281 vs. 1.000±0.142, P=0.0018). The protein levels of Ythdf1 (0.486±0.177 vs. 1.000±0.091, P=0.0197) and Ythdf3 (0.536±0.107 vs. 1.000±0.125, P=0.0400) in 1 day post-ischemia group were decreased. The protein levels of Ythdf1 (0.404±0.299 vs. 1.000±0.091, P=0.0079), Ythdf2 (0.279±0.189 vs. 1.000±0.261, P=0.0136), and Ythdf3 (0.450±0.220 vs. 1.000±0.125, P=0.0157) in 3 days post-ischemia group were decreased. Immunofluorescence staining further showed a decrease in the expression of m6A binding proteins Ythdf1, Ythdf2, and Ythdf3 in the neurons around the cerebral infarction area 3 days after ischemia. Conclusions Post-ischemic downregulation of Fto in mice may lead to an elevation of m6A levels.The expression trends of Ythdf1, Ythdf2, and Ythdf3 proteins are generally consistent, indicating the existence of functional redundancy.

In order to further understand the characteristics of phytoplankton community in the sea area near Changbiao Island in Xiapu, the data of phytoplankton and water environment from four cruises in May (spring), September (summer), December (autumn) and February (winter) in 2019—2020 were analyzed, and the characteristics of phytoplankton community structure were analyzed. The main environmental factors affecting the structure of phytoplankton community were studied by redundancy analysis. The results showed that there were 170 species of phytoplankton in 60 genera, 48 genera and 131 species of diatoms, 26 species of dinoflagellates in 10 genera, 2 species of cyanobacteria in 1 genera and 1 species of diatoms in 1 genera. Phytoplankton are mainly coastal wide-temperature and wide-salt species and warm water species. There are 13 dominant species throughout the year. In spring, Prorocentrum donghaiense and Noctiluca are the main species, and Skeletonema costatum and Siegesbeckia qiongshi are the main species in summer, autumn and winter. The spatial distribution of phytoplankton abundance shows a trend of high nearshore, low farshore, low in the south, and high in the north. Seasonal variation of phytoplankton is mainly affected by water temperature. Appropriate temperature and nutrients in spring and summer promote a large increase in phytoplankton, while autumn and winter are mainly affected by temperature. Now in spring and summer, the coastal nuclear power station of Changbiao Island in Xiapu should focus on monitoring the occurrence of red tide in spring and summer.

Objective To analyze the correlation between gastric mucosa serological biopsy ［serum pepsinogen Ⅰ（PGⅠ）, pepsinogen Ⅱ（PGⅡ）, ratio of PGⅠ/PGⅡ(PGR), gastrin-17 and helicobacter pyloriantibody（HP-IgG）］ and histological gastritis evaluation criteria （OLGA/OLGIM）, and to evaluate the efficacy of these indicators in the screening of gastric precancerous disease. Methods A total of 417 patients underwent gastroscopy for dyspepsia were selected in the 971st Hospital of the PLA Navy from January 2019 to December 2021 were selected. They were evaluated in groups according to the OLGA/OLGIM staging system, and the serum PGⅠ, PGⅡ, PGR, G-17 and HP-IgG were detected and analyzed. Results In OLGA/OLGIM group, PGⅠ and PGR decreased with the increase of group grade(P＜0.01), while the infection rates of G-17 and HP increased with the increase of group grade(P＜0.01). Kendall correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the combined scoring method and OLGA stage and OLGIM stage (r=0.44, 0.43,P

Artificial intelligence technology is the outcome of economic globalization. With the advent of the digital age, artificial intelligence plays an increasingly important role in various fields including the constantly updated and iterative healthcare and clinical service. Diabetes is a chronic non-communicable disease characterized by hyperglycemia. Many scholars are committed to researching diabetes prediction, intelligent diagnosis, early screening of complication and health management from an innovative perspective, so as to promote the health state of people. This paper mainly summarizes the application of artificial intelligence in diabetes research and clinical practice in recent years and puts forward future prospects for the intelligence and automation of diabetes diagnosis and treatment.

The reform of the "13th Five-Year" National Science and Technology Plan established a new framework for national key research and development programs. The inclusion of the "Forestry Resource Cultivation and Efficient Utilization Technology Innovation" aimed to support technological innovation in forestry. This initiative was strategically designed to reveal mechanisms for regulating forestry resource cultivation and efficient utilization, enhance the unit productivity of major artificial forests, and improve resource utilization efficiency. The approach involved organizing basic research, key technology research, and technology integration demonstrations through an "innovation chain layout and integrated implementation of the industrial chain". By the end of 2022, the program had concluded successfully and completed the comprehensive performance evaluation. This study, focusing the "Forestry Resource Cultivation and Efficient Utilization Technology Innovation" of the "13th Five-Year" National Science and Technology Plan, summarized and analyzed the background, project initiation, and implementation effectiveness, which would serve as a valuable reference for the future allocation, organization and management of forestry science and technology resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In December 2022, the American Academy of Pediatrics released a clinical guideline for point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The guideline outlined the development and current status of POCUS in the NICU, and summarized the key elements and implementation guidelines for successful implementation of POCUS in the NICU. This article provides an overview of the key points of the clinical guideline and analyzes the current status of POCUS in China, providing a reference for the implementation of POCUS in neonatal care in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Northeastern China is one of the regions where are experiencing the most significant global warming trend. Revealing the effects of anticipated warming on nitrogen absorption and utilization of rice in northeastern China can provide reference for regional sustainable production of rice and optimal management of nitrogen fertilizer. In this study, the field and pot experiments were setup based on free air temperature increase (FATI) system in Harbin, Heilongjiang province during 2019 to 2020, combined with 15N isotope tracer technique, to investigate the effects of anticipated warming (+1.5°C) on rice yield, nitrogen utilization, and the fate of fertilizer nitrogen. The results showed that warming treatment (W) promoted rice above-ground dry-matter accumulation. The mean grain yields in field and pot experiments during 2019 and 2020 under warming treatment were higher by 10.4% and 10.8% than those under control (CK), respectively. Compared with CK, the mean total nitrogen uptake of two years under W treatment significantly increased by 21.3%, however, the nitrogen utilization efficiency of rice grains showed a decreased trend. Under W treatment, the nitrogen absorbed from fertilizer decreased significantly, while the nitrogen absorbed by rice from soil increased by 31.1%, resulting in the reduction of 12.5% in fertilizer nitrogen recovery rate and the increase of 14.2% in fertilizer nitrogen loss rate. Overall, warming tended to increase rice grain yield, but decreased the proportion of fertilizer nitrogen uptake by plant, which leading to the decrease in nitrogen use efficiency and the significant increase in nitrogen loss rate. Under the background of climate warming, it was suggested to reasonably increase the transplanting density of rice to make full use of the positive effect of global warming on rice yield, as well as appropriately reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application and optimize the management of nitrogen fertilizer operation to improve the nitrogen use efficiency of rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to compare the effect of different seasonal conditions on growth performance and serum biochemical indices of grazing yaks. Eight healthy yaks with good body condition were selected, which were grazed in the same pasture in warm season and cold season, respectively. The pre-test period lasted for 10 d, the formal test period lasted for 60 d. The results showed that the total weight gain and average daily gain of yaks in warm season group were extremely higher than those in cold season group (P<0.01). Serum albumin and ALT activity in warm season group were significantly higher than those in cold season group (P<0.05). The study indicates that the growth condition of yaks in warm season is obviously better than that in cold season, the digestion, absorption and utilization of protein were better, and the weight gain effect is better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effects of different irrigation and nitrogen application modes on nitrogen gaseous loss in winter wheat farmland, we conducted a field experiment at Changqing Irrigation Experiment Station in Shandong Province, with two irrigation levels (80%-90% θ f (I 1 ) and 70%-80% θ f (I 2 )) and three nitrogen application levels (conventional nitrogen application of 240 kg·hm -2 (N 1 ), nitrogen reduction of 12.5% (N 2 ), and nitrogen reduction of 25% (N 3 )). The results showed that ammonia volatilization and nitrous oxide emission rate peak appeared within 2-4 days after fertilization or irrigation. The ammonia volatilization rate during the chasing fertilizer period was significantly higher than that during the basal fertilizer period. Compared with other treatments, the ave-rage ammonia volatilization rate of I 2 N 2 treatment during the chasing fertilizer period was reduced by 10.1%-51.6%, and the average nitrous oxide emission rate over the whole growth period was reduced by 15.4%-52.2%. The ammonia volatilization rate was significantly positively associated with surface soil pH value and ammonium nitrogen content, while the nitrous oxide emission rate was significantly positively associated with nitrate content in topsoil. The accumulation amount of soil ammonia volatilization and nitrous oxide emission ranged from 0.83-1.42 and 0.11-0.33 kg·hm -2 , respectively. Moderate reduction of irrigation water and nitrogen input could effectively reduce cumulative amounts of ammonia volatilization and nitrous oxide emission from winter wheat farmland. The cumulative amounts of ammonia volatilization and nitrous oxide emission under I 1 N 3 and I 2 N 2 treatments were signi-ficantly lower than those under other treatments. The highest winter wheat yield (5615.6 kg·hm -2 ) appeared in I 2 N 2 treatment. The irrigation water utilization efficiency of I 2 was significantly higher than that of I 1 , with the maximum increase rate of 45.2%. Compared with N 1 and N 3 treatments, the maximum increase rate of nitrogen fertilizer productivity and agricultural utilization efficiency in N 2 reached 15.2% and 31.8%, respectively. In conclusion, the treatment with 70%-80% θ f irrigation level and 210 kg·hm -2 nitrogen input could effectively improve the utilization efficiency of irrigation water and nitrogen fertilization and reduce gaseous loss from winter wheat farmland.

NaHCO 3 -activated buckwheat biochar was studied, and an optimal biochar of 0.25N-BC [ m (NaHCO 3 ): m (buckwheat bark)=0.25:1]was selected. SEM, BET, XRD, Raman, FTIR, and XPS methods were applied to analyze the effects of NaHCO 3 on the physicochemical properties of buckwheat biochar. The adsorption properties and mechanism of NaHCO 3 -activated buckwheat biochar for iopamidol(IPM), a nonionic iodol X-ray contrast agent, were also investigated. The results showed that compared with buckwheat skin biochar(BC), NaHCO 3 -activated biochar had higher structural defects(surface area and pore volume increased, respectively, from 480.40 m 2 ·g -1 and 0.29 cm 3 ·g -1 to 572.83 m 2 ·g -1 and 0.40 cm 3 ·g -1 , with I D / I G being 1.22 times that of BC), the carbon and oxygen functional groups on the BC surface changed significantly, and the polarity increased [(N+O)/C from 0.15 to 0.24]. The maximum adsorption capacity of 0.25N-BC for IPM was 74.94 mg·g -1 , which was 9.51 times that of BC(7.88 mg·g -1 ). The pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics and Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models could well fit the adsorption of 0.25N-BC for IPM. The adsorption processes were mainly chemical, monolayer, and heterogeneous multilayer adsorption. Pore filling, hydrogen bonding, π-π, and n-π interactions were the main mechanisms of 0.25N-BC adsorption for IPM. Comparing the activated buckwheat biochar by different bases [KOH, Na 2 CO 3 , NaHCO 3 , KHCO 3 , and Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 ], 0.25N-BC exhibited high adsorption capability and short equilibrium time and could effectively remove the IPM residue in the actual water(secondary sedimentation tank effluent and lake). The removal rate of IPM remained at 74.91% after three adsorption-desorption cycles. The results showed that NaHCO 3 -activated buckwheat biochar was a green, effective, and sustainable adsorbent for the removal of iodine-containing organic matter.

Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of different plastic surgeries in the treatment of poor healing wound after posterior spinal internal fixation., Methods: In this study, 16 patients with poor incision healing after posterior spinal internal fixation were retrospectively included, and dif-ferent plastic surgery treatment plans were determined according to the wound characteristics and defect condition. The measures included debridement, vacuum sealing drainage (VSD), and different tissue flaps according to the location and extent of the defect., Results: A total of 16 patients meeting the criteria were included, of whom 3 were treated with debridement combined with VSD and wound suture directly, 6 were treated with debridement combined with Z-flap for wound repair, 1 was treated with bilateral sacrospinous muscle flap for dural defect repair combined with Z-flap for skin wound repair, 1 was treated with lectus dorsi flap for wound repair, 3 were treated with the fourth lumbar artery perforator flap for wound repair. The wound was repaired with local rotating flap in 1 case and gluteus maximus musculocutaneous flap in 1 case. Among the 16 patients, 7 cases were positive for wound culture, including 3 cases of Staphylococcus aureus , 1 case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa , 1 case of Staphylococcus epidermidis , 1 case of Escherichia coli , 1 case of Klebsiella pneumoniae , and the other 9 cases were negative. After surgery, there were 7 patients with different degrees of poor wound healing, including 3 patients undergoing dressing change, 2 patients undergoing secondary debridement and suture, 1 patient undergoing free scalp skin graft, and 1 patient undergoing local effusion suction treatment. All the above 7 patients were discharged from hospital after improvement, and the remaining 9 patients had good first-stage wound hea-ling after surgery. None of the 16 patients underwent internal fixation., Conclusion: Multiple factors could lead to poor wound healing after posterior spinal internal fixation. Early intervention, thorough debridement, removal of necrotic/infected tissue, and selection of suitable skin flap for effective wound fil-ling and covering were important means to ensure wound healing after spinal surgery and reduce removal of internal fixation.

Objectives: The intestinal microbial characteristics of patients with simple cerebral infarction (CI) and CI complicated with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (CI-T2DM) are still not clear. This study aims to analyze the differences in the variable characteristics of intestinal flora between patients simply with CI and CI-T2DM., Methods: This study retrospectively collected the patients who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Putian University from September 2021 to September 2022. The patients were divided into a CI group ( n =12) and a CI-T2DM group ( n =12). Simultaneously, 12 healthy people were selected as a control group. Total DNA was extracted from feces specimens. Illumina Novaseq sequencing platform was used for metagenomic sequencing. The Knead Data software, Kraken2 software, and Bracken software were applied for sequencing analysis., Results: At phylum level, the average ratio of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria in the CI-T2DM group were 33.07%, 54.80%, and 7.00%, respectively. In the CI group, the ratios of each were 14.03%, 69.62%, and 11.13%, respectively, while in the control group, the ratios were 50.99%, 37.67%, and 5.24%, respectively. There was significant differences in the distribution of Firmicutes ( F =6.130, P =0.011) among the 3 groups. At the family level, compared with the CI group, the relative abundance of Eubacteriaceae ( t =8.062, P <0.001) in the CI-T2DM group was significantly increased, while Corynebacteriaceae ( t =4.471, P <0.001), Methanobacteriaceae ( t =3.406, P =0.003), and Pseudomonadaceae ( t =2.352, P =0.028) were decreased significantly. At the genus level, compared with the CI group, there was a relative abundance of Cutibacterium ( t =6.242, P <0.001), Eubacterium ( t =8.448, P <0.001), and Blautia ( t =3.442, P =0.002) in the CI-T2DM group which was significantly increased. In terms of Methanobrevibacter ( t =3.466, P =0.002), Pyramidobacter ( t =2.846, P =0.009) and Pseudomonas ( t =2.352, P =0.028), their distributions were decreased significantly in the CI-T2DM group. At the species level, compared with the CI group, the relative abundance of Cutibacterium acnes ( t =6.242, P <0.001) in the CI-T2DM group was significantly increased, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( t =2.352, P =0.028) was decreased significantly. Still at the genus level, linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis showed that the distributions of Pseudomonas and Blautia were determined to be the most significantly different between the CI-T2DM and the CI group. At the species level, the total number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the 3 groups was 1 491. There were 169, 221, and 192 kinds of OTUs unique to the CI-T2DM, CI, and control group, respectively., Conclusions: From phylum level to species level, the composition of intestinal flora in the patients with CI-T2DM is different from those in the patients simply with CI. The change in the proportion of Firmicutes , Bacteroidetes and Proteus compared with the healthy population is an important feature of intestinal flora imbalance in the patients with CI and with CI-T2DM. Attention should be paid to the differential distribution of Bacteroides monocytogenes and butyrate producing bacteria.

Ligustrum lucidum is a woody perennial plant of genus Ligustrum in family Oleaceae. Its dried fruit has high medicinal value. In this study, the authors evaluated the variability and species identification efficiency of three specific DAN barcodes(rbcL-accD, ycf1a, ycf1b) and four general DAN barcodes(matK, rbcL, trnH-psbA, ITS2) for a rapid and accurate molecular identification of Ligustrum species. The results revealed that matK, rbcL, trnH-psbA, ITS2 and ycf1a were inefficient for identifying the Ligustrum species, and a large number of insertions and deletions were observed in rbcL-accD sequence, which was thus unsuitable for development as specific barcode. The ycf1b-2 barcode had DNA barcoding gap and high success rate of PCR amplification and DNA sequencing, which was the most suitable DNA barcode for L. lucidum identification and achieved an accurate result. In addition, to optimize the DNA extraction experiment, the authors extracted and analyzed the DNA of the exocarp, mesocarp, endocarp and seed of L. lucidum fruit. It was found that seed was the most effective part for DNA extraction, where DNAs of high concentration and quality were obtained, meeting the needs of species identification. In this study, the experimental method for DNA extraction of L. lucidum was optimized, and the seed was determined as the optimal part for DNA extraction and ycf1b-2 was the specific DNA barcode for L. lucidum identification. This study laid a foundation for the market regulation of L. lucidum.

Due to the large scale of mining and smelting activities, considerable amounts of heavy metals are discharged into the environment and accumulate in the sediment of rivers and lakes. The combined pollution of heavy metals and the intrinsic phosphorus in sediment calls for novel remediation technologies. In this study, lanthanum-modified zeolite (LMZ) was employed as an inactivation agent for the immobilization of phosphorus, zinc, and lead in sediments. The adsorption capacities as well as the inactivation performance of LMZ for P, Zn, and Pb were investigated, and the adsorption mechanisms were explored via desorption experiments, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicated that the adsorption maximums of LMZ for P, Zn, and Pb were 53.76, 27.70, and 123.45 mg·g -1 , respectively. Pre-adsorption of Zn and Pb had a negligible effect on the P adsorption by LMZ, whereas the adsorption of Zn and Pb were inhibited significantly by the pre-adsorption. P, Zn, and Pb in the sediment were transformed to more stable or less bioavailable forms by dosing 0.83% and 1.66% weight percentages of LMZ. It was found that P, Zn, and Pb were adsorbed through the formation of inner-sphere complexes. Further, desorption experiments and XRD patterns suggested that electrostatic attraction and surface precipitation also contributed to the adsorption of Zn and Pb, respectively.

Single sensillum recording is an insect extracellular electrophysiological technique, which can measure the electrophysiological responses of a single sensillum to stimuli in insects. It can help explore the electrophysiologi-cal response mechanism of insect olfactory and taste receptors to different semiochemicals. Combined with other techniques, it can be used to understand the molecular genetic mechanisms of olfactory responses, as well as to develop behavior regulators and volatile organic compound biosensors. In this review, we proposed the basic structure and the principle of single sensillum recording, and summarized its applications in insect studies, aiming to provide the foundation for understanding the mechanisms and applications in insect perception of semiochemicals.

Objective: To study the molecular mechanism of PI3K-Ⅲ like functional domain inducing programmed cell death of leukemia cell line K562., Methods: The purified PI3K-Ⅲ like functional domain protein was obtained by Pichia pastoris expression system. MTT assay and colony-forming assay were used to detect the effects of PI3K-Ⅲ like functional domain protein on K562 cell proliferation. The effects of PI3K-Ⅲ like functional domain protein on apoptosis and cell cycle of on K562 cells were detected by flow cytometry. The ultrastructural changes were detected by transmission electron microscopy. The expression of caspase-3 was detected by ELISA. The protein expressions of ATG4B, Beclin-1, Bcl-2 and LC3-II were evaluated by Western blot., Results: PI3K-Ⅲ like functional domain protein could inhibit the proliferation and clony formation of K562 cells, which was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). In the experimental group, apoptosis and autophagosome were shown in K562 cells. The proportion of cells in G 0 /G 1 phase increased significantly, while in S phase decreased significantly. Cell growth mostly stagnated in G 0 /G 1 phase, which was significantly different from the control group (P<0.05). With the increase of concentration, the expression of caspase-3 protein increased significantly compared with the control group (r=0.966, P<0.05). The expression of ATG4B and beclin-1 appeared from increase to decrease, LC3-II increased while Bcl-2 decreased at different time points., Conclusion: PI3K-Ⅲ like functional polypeptide could induce programmed cell death of leukemia cell K562. Beclin-1/Bcl-2 and caspase pathway may be involved in this way, which suggesting meant autophagy and apoptosis may work together at the same time.

Understanding how soil microorganisms respond to land reclamation is essential to evaluating the success of ecological restoration actions in disturbed mine soil. However, the microbiological mechanism referred to as productivity reconstruction of the reclaimed soil is still unclear. To shed light on this mechanism, a total of 75 soil samples were collected for 16S rRNA amplicon high-throughput sequencing. The five sampling sites contained four reclamation plots (reclaimed 8 a, 11 a, 14 a, and 17 a) and 1 non-reclaimed plot, which served as the control sampling site. The microbial community composition, potential functions, and assembly mechanisms were also analyzed. The results showed that:①the richness of the microbial community increased with the reclamation time and was higher than that of the control site. However, the community diversity and evenness decreased with the increasing reclamation year ( P <0.05). ②Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes dominated in the reclaimed soil, and the relative abundances of the first two phyla were significantly higher than that of the control ( P <0.05), whereas the latter two presented the opposite trends ( P <0.05). ③ Eight functions, including coenzyme transport and metabolism, translation, ribosomal structure, and biogenesis, showed a positive succession in the reclamation sites and enhanced with increasing reclamation years. ④ The molecular ecological networks of the microbial community in the plain mining area were well modular, whereas the key microbial groups belonged to the Acidobacteria and Bacteroidetes. The microbial communities were dominantly assembled with the deterministic process, and the homogeneous selection contributed the most, which might have been mainly controlled by the local special environment. The results presented herein will undoubtedly aid in the establishment of success indicators of ecological restoration activities in disturbed mining soil. These findings also provide the theoretical basis for improving the productivity and ecological services of reclaimed soil.

Objective: To investigate the effects of dasatinib on the maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) derived from healthy donors (HDs) and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients., Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from HDs (n=10) and CML patients (n=10) who had got the remission of MR4.5 with imatinib treatment. The generation of moDCs from PBMCs was completed after 7 days of incubation in DC I culture medium, and another 3 days of incubation in DC II culture medium with or without 25 nmol/L dasatinib. On the 10th day, cells were harvested and expression of molecules of maturation related marker were assessed by flow cytometry. The CD80 + CD86 + cell population in total cells was gated as DCs in the fluorescence-activated cell storting (FACS) analyzing system, then the expression of CD83, CD40 or HLA-DR in this population was analyzed respectively., Results: The proportion of CD80 + CD86 + cells in total cells didn't show a statistical difference between HD group and patient group (89.46%±9.70% vs 87.39%±9.34%, P=0.690). Dasatinib significantly enhanced the expression of the surface marker CD40 (P=0.008) and HLA-DR (P=0.028) on moDCs derived from HDs compared with the control group, while the expression of CD83 on moDCs didn't show a significant difference between dasatinib group and the control group (P=0.428). Meanwhile, dasatinib significantly enhanced the expression of the surface marker CD40 (P=0.023), CD83 (P=0.038) and HLA-DR (P=0.001) on moDCs derived from patients compared with the control group., Conclusion: For CML patients, the same high proportion of moDCs as HDs can be induced in vitro, which provides a basis for the application of DC-based immunotherapy strategy. Dasatinib at the concentration of 25 nmol/L can efficiently promote the maturation of moDCs derived from HDs and CML patients in vitro. Dasatinib shows potential as a DC adjuvant to be applied in DC-based immunotherapy strategies, such as DC vaccine and DC cell-therapy.

Ligustri Lucidi Fructus, the sun-dried mature fruit of Ligustrum lucidum, is cool, plain, sweet, and bitter, which can be used as both food and medicine, with the effects of improving vision, blacking hair, and tonifying liver and kidney. It takes effect slowly. However, little is known about the genetic information of the medicinal plant and it is still a challenge to distinguish Ligustrum species. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of L. lucidum was obtained by genome skimming and then compared with that of five other Ligustrum species, which had been reported. This study aims to evaluate the interspecific variation of chloroplast genome within the genus and develop molecular markers for species identification of the genus. The result showed that the chloroplast genome of L. lucidum was 162 162 bp with a circular quadripartite structure of two single-copy regions separated by a pair of inverted repeats. The Ligustrum chloroplast genomes were conserved with small interspecific difference. Comparative analysis of six Ligustrum chloroplast genomes revealed three variable regions(rbcL-accD, ycf1a, and ycf1b), and ycf1a and ycf1b can be used as the species-specific DNA barcode for Ligustrum. Phylogeny analysis provided the best resolution of Ligustrum and supported that L. lucidum was sister to L. gracile. This study clarified the genetic diversity of L. lucidum from provenance, which can serve as a reference for further analysis of pharmacological differences and breeding of excellent varieties with stable drug effects.

Objectives: The metabolomics technique of LC-MS/MS combined with data analysis was used to detect changes and differences in metabolic profiles in the vitreous humor of early rat carcasses found in water, and to explore the feasibility of its use for early postmortem submersion interval (PMSI) estimation and the cause of death determination., Methods: The experimental model was established in natural lake water with 100 SD rats were randomly divided into a drowning group ( n =50) and a postmortem (CO 2 suffocation) immediately submersion group ( n =50). Vitreous humor was extracted from 10 rats in each group at 0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h postmortem for metabolomics analyses, of which 8 were used as the training set to build the model, and 2 were used as test set. PCA and PLS multivariate statistical analysis were performed to explore the differences in metabolic profiles among PMSI and causes of death in the training set samples. Then random forest (RF) algorithm was used to screen several biomarkers to establish a model., Results: PCA and PLS analysis showed that the metabolic profiles had time regularity, but no differences were found among different causes of death. Thirteen small molecule biomarkers with good temporal correlation were selected by RF algorithm. A simple PMSI estimation model was constructed based on this indicator set, and the data of the test samples showed the mean absolute error (MAE) of the model was 0.847 h., Conclusions: The 13 metabolic markers screened in the vitreous humor of rat corpses in water had good correlations with the early PMSI. The simplified PMSI estimation model constructed by RF can be used to estimate the PMSI. Additionally, the metabolic profiles of vitreous humor cannot be used for early identification of cause of death in water carcasses.

Drug problem is a major social and public security problem in the world. Drug abuse poses a great threat to economic development, social stability and public health. In recent years, synthetic drugs represented by methamphetamine have surpassed traditional drugs such as morphine, heroin, ketamine and become one of the most abused drugs in the world. In order to solve the problem of drug abuse, it is of great theoretical value and practical significance to carry out all-round and multi-level scientific research on drug-related issues. Based on the current situation of drug abuse, this article reviews research progresses on the epidemiology of methamphetamine abuse, the monitoring technology, the basic researches on toxicity damage, the withdrawal drug screening, the related clinical comorbidity and the testing technologies, comprehensively presenting the development trend of methamphetamine abuse related issues.

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA)on the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP), axon growth inhibitor Nogo-A and Nogo receptor (NgR) in corpus callosum of rats with focal cerebral ischemia, so as to explore the mechanism of EA underlying improving ischemic white matter injury., Methods: Fourty male SD rats were randomly divided into normal, sham operation, model and EA groups, with 10 rats in each group. The focal cerebral ischemia rat model was established by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO). EA was applied to "Baihui"(GV20) and "Zusanli"(ST36) on the left side for 30 min, once daily for 14 days. Neurological function score and the adhensive removal test were used to evaluate neurological deficit severity; Hematoxylin-esion staining was used to observe the pathological changes in myelin of corpus callosum and luxol fast blue（LFB） staining was used to observe the myelin of corpus callosum. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot were used to detect the expressions of MBP、Nogo-A and NgR in the ischemic corpus callosum., Results: After MCAO, the neurological function score was significantly increased ( P <0.05), the time required for contact with tape and tape removal was longer ( P <0.001), the intensity of LFB staining and the expression of MBP decreased, while the veside area and the expression of Nogo-A and its receptor NgR increased ( P <0.01, P <0.05) in the model group relevant to the normal and sham operation groups. The fiber arrangement of the corpus callosum on the ischemic side was disordered and a large amount of myelin sheath was lost in the model group. Following the treatment, the neurological deficit score of EA group was gradually decreased and significantly decreased on the 3 rd , 7 th and 14 th day ( P <0.05), and the time to remove the adhesive tape was shortened at the 7 th and 14 th day ( P <0.001). The shape of the corpus callosum in the EA group was close to normal, and the myelin structure was relatively complete. The intensity of LFB staining and the expression of MBP was increased ( P <0.05, P <0.01) while the expression of Nogo-A and its receptor NgR were decreased in the EA group relevant to the model group ( P <0.01)., Conclusion: EA can play a protective role in myelin of the corpus callosum after cerebral ischemia, which may be related to down-regulating the expressions of Nogo-A and NgR.