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Functional nano-coatings have been a research hotspot in recent years. The nano-size composition units provide good volume effect and surface effect for functional nano-coatings, and greatly optimize the mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance and wear resistance of the coatings. The preparation technology and properties of functional nano-coatings determine the application range of nano-coatings. However, most reviews focus on certain properties, preparation methods or applications of functional nano-coatings, and lack of reviews on the integrity of functional nano-coatings. Firstly, this work introduced the concept and classification of functional nano-coatings briefly. Secondly, the preparation techniques of functional nano-coatings were described in detail, including traditional chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition and sol-gel method, the latest plasma spraying technology and other preparation techniques. Moreover, the principles, advantages and disadvantages of various nano-coatings preparation technologies and the application of nano-coatings in materials were analyzed and summarized. Finally, the latest and popular applications of functional nano-coatings were reviewed in detail, and the application prospect and potential of functional nano-coatings were prospected.

In order to enhance the corrosion resistance of the 17-4PH low-pressure last stage blades，the steam inlet side of the 17-4PH blades needs to be treated with laser-enhanced solid solution.The last stage blades treated with laser solution often show obvious magnetic marks in the subsequent magnetic particle inspection.Optical microscope，scanning electron microscope，X-ray diffractometer，electron probe and other analytical means were used to prove that the reason for the appearance of magnetic marks at the boundary of the laser solid solution region was a large number of austenite structures that appeared at the boundary，which reduced the permeability at the boundary of the laser solid solution region.Besides，the residual stress of laser solid solution blade was determined as compressive stress by XRD，and the three-point bending fatigue test showed that the R＝0.1 fatigue limit of 17-4PH blade could be increased from 750 MPa to 860 MPa by laser-enhanced solid solution.

With the increasing speed of urbanization, urban fringe has become the main area of urban expansion. More and more villages with historical value have been reduced to “villages in city”. Under the influence of urban departmentalism, the issue of villages in cities has added the factor of historical and cultural protection, which makes the use of public space more complex. In this paper, “urban type” historical and cultural village was used as the object. The overall framework of “implementation effect evaluation implementation process evaluation improvement strategy” was adopted as analysis basi. By integrating the qualitative comprehensive evaluation of “built environment residents’ activities social economy”and bombining the quantitative analysis of multi-source data the development strategy of public space under urban expansion and the protection of villages was discussed from the three aspects including historical and cultural heritage, improvement of living environment, and integrated development of urban and rural areas. By continuing the tradition in village, stimulating the vitality of public space, and realizing the integrated development between urban and rural areas, it would play a role of reference and enlightenment for the construction of public space in “urban” ancient villages.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding RNAs with unique covalently closed circular structures and are widely found in eukaryotic cells. Recent studies have shown that circRNAs are involved in the patho-physiological processes of various diseases including malignant tumors through regulating microRNAs, binding to proteins and regulating transcription and splicing process. The special structure and complex functions of circRNAs make them have great research potential in the field of cancer. Prostate cancer(PCa) is one of the most common malignancies among the world. The the pathogenesis and treatment of PCa still need to be further studied.

Bitcoin is one of the most mature public chain application systems,the user key is the critical factor to the process of determining the ownership of Bitcoin,the security of Bitcoin is guaranteed by the safe management of the user key,and the loss of the key will lead to the loss of a large number of user assets.So it is an urgent problem to recover the lost assets.This paper proposes a key update mechanism in Bitcoin based on the improved P2PKHCA (pay-to-public-key-hash-with-conditional-anonymity) script scheme to solve above problems.Firstly,the key generation algorithm in the P2PKHCA scheme is improved by introducing the key life cycle and random number to solve its key leakage problem.Secondly,the two new opcodes,OP_KEYUPDATE and OP_TSELECTION,are proposed to design the new key update script to realize the user key update of the Bitcoin system.Finally,two types of key update schemes based on the key update script are constructed to make the script suitable for the requirements of different key update applications.The security analysis and performance analysis of the key update mechanism show that the proposed mechanism realizes the recovery of lost Bitcoins in the Bitcoin system on the premise of the effective completion of update of user's key.

Background and objective With the extensive development of minimally invasive surgery for pulmonary nodules, preoperative localization becomes more and more critical. There are some defects in traditional localization methods, so it is necessary to improve. The aim of this study was to compare and analyze the safety and effectiveness of two new methods, namely four-hook needle and memory alloy coil, in the localization of pulmonary nodules. Methods A retrospective analysis of 152 patients was performed. 76 cases were in four-hook needle group, and 76 cases were in memory alloy coil group. Pulmonary nodules were located before operation, and then video-assisted wedge resection was performed. The average procedure time, localization complications and nodule resection time were counted. Results The target pulmonary nodules were successfully removed in both groups. In four-hook needle group, 76 patients found localization devices, all the pulmonary nodules were successfully removed, and one case was transferred to open the chest for wedge resection of pulmonary nodules due to severe thoracic adhesion. All 76 patients in memory alloy coil group were successfully resected with pulmonary nodules, and one patient underwent compromising enlarged resection because no lesion was found after the specimen was removed during the operation. There was no significant difference in the incidence of pneumothorax and pulmonary hemorrhage, the success rate of localization and nodule wedge resection time between the two groups. The average time of localization in four-hook needle group was (13.66±3.11) min, lower than that of memory alloy coil group (15.51±3.65) min, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.001). In memory alloy coil group, when the distance from the nodule to the pleura was ≥1.5 cm and

Over 170 chemical modifications have been discovered in various types of ribonucleic acids (RNAs), including messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and small nuclear RNA (snRNA). These RNA modifications play crucial roles in a wide range of biological processes such as gene expression regulation, RNA stability maintenance, and protein translation. RNA modifications represent a new dimension of gene expression regulation known as the "epitranscriptome". The discovery of RNA modifications and the relevant writers, erasers, and readers provides an important basis for studies on the dynamic regulation and physiological functions of RNA modifications. Owing to the development of detection technologies for RNA modifications, studies on RNA epitranscriptomes have progressed to the single-base resolution, multilayer, and full-coverage stage. Transcriptome-wide methods help discover new RNA modification sites and are of great importance for elucidating the molecular regulatory mechanisms of epitranscriptomics, exploring the disease associations of RNA modifications, and understanding their clinical applications. The existing RNA modification sequencing technologies can be categorized according to the pretreatment approach and sequencing principle as direct high-throughput sequencing, antibody-enrichment sequencing, enzyme-assisted sequencing, chemical labeling-assisted sequencing, metabolic labeling sequencing, and nanopore sequencing technologies. These methods, as well as studies on the functions of RNA modifications, have greatly expanded our understanding of epitranscriptomics. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in RNA modification detection technologies, focusing on the basic principles, advantages, and limitations of different methods. Direct high-throughput sequencing methods do not require complex RNA pretreatment and allow for the mapping of RNA modifications using conventional RNA sequencing methods. However, only a few RNA modifications can be analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. Antibody enrichment followed by high-throughput sequencing has emerged as a crucial approach for mapping RNA modifications, significantly advancing the understanding of RNA modifications and their regulatory functions in different species. However, the resolution of antibody-enrichment sequencing is limited to approximately 100-200 bp. Although chemical crosslinking techniques can achieve single-base resolution, these methods are often complex, and the specificity of the antibodies used in these methods has raised concerns. In particular, the issue of off-target binding by the antibodies requires urgent attention. Enzyme-assisted sequencing has improved the accuracy of the localization analysis of RNA modifications and enables stoichiometric detection with single-base resolution. However, the enzymes used in this technique show poor reactivity, specificity, and sequence preference. Chemical labeling sequencing has become a widely used approach for profiling RNA modifications, particularly by altering reverse transcription (RT) signatures such as RT stops, misincorporations, and deletions. Chemical-assisted sequencing provides a sequence-independent RNA modification detection strategy that enables the localization of multiple RNA modifications. Additionally, when combined with the biotin-streptavidin affinity method, low-abundance RNA modifications can be enriched and detected. Nevertheless, the specificity of many chemical reactions remains problematic, and the development of specific reaction probes for particular modifications should continue in the future to achieve the precise localization of RNA modifications. As an indirect localization method, metabolic labeling sequencing specifically localizes the sites at which modifying enzymes act, which is of great significance in the study of RNA modification functions. However, this method is limited by the intracellular labeling of RNA and cannot be applied to biological samples such as clinical tissues and blood samples. Nanopore sequencing is a direct RNA-sequencing method that does not require RT or the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, challenges in analyzing the data obtained from nanopore sequencing, such as the high rate of false positives, must be resolved. Discussing sequencing analysis methods for various types of RNA modifications is instructive for the future development of novel RNA modification mapping technologies, and will aid studies on the functions of RNA modifications across the entire transcriptome.

Applying organic fertilizer can increase the contents of soil organic carbon (SOC) and active organic carbon, which are crucial for strengthening soil quality and fertility. Four treatments were established:no fertilization (CK), single application of organic fertilizer (M), single application of chemical fertilizer (NPK), and combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers (MNPK). The changes in SOC and active components under long-term combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers were investigated, as were the effects of various fertilization measures on greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, we evaluated the variation in the soil carbon pool management index (CPMI). Total organic carbon (TOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), easily oxidized organic carbon (EOC), and particulate organic carbon (POC) increased by 82.84%, 66.30%, 21.12%, 93.28%, and 145.80%, respectively, when compared to those in the CK treatment. The NPK treatment had no discernible effect on SOC and organic carbon components. The combined application of organic and inorganic materials could enhance LI, CPI, and the soil carbon pool management index, with the increase in LI and CPI being the primary reason for the increase in CPMI. Correlation analyses revealed that soil organic carbon components and CPMI were significantly positively correlated with greenhouse gas emissions. The combined application of organic and inorganic materials enhanced cumulative CO 2 emissions and warming potential (GWP) but decreased GHGI and yielded a maximum of 56365 kg·hm -2 . Compared with that in the CK treatment (29073 kg·hm -2 ), apple yield in MNPK increased by 93.87%. Therefore, applying organic and inorganic fertilizers in dryland apple orchards can improve the accumulation of organic carbon and stabilize the soil carbon pool, which is more beneficial to the sustainable development of orchards.

Objective: To observe clinical efficacy of percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy (PETD) and target radioffrequency thermal coblation nucleoplasty(CN) on inclusive lumbar disc herniation(LDH) in different age groups, and provide a basis for clinical formulation of precise and individualized treatments., Methods: A retrospective analysis of 219 patients with lumbar disc herniation treated with PETD and CN between January 2018 and June 2021 was performed, in which 107 patients were treated with PETD and 112 with CN. Patients were stratified by age into young group(≤45 years old), middle-aged group(>45 years old and <60 years old) and older group(≥60 years old). Before treatment, 3 days, 1 month and 6 months after treatment, visual analogue scale (VAS), Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, infrared thermal imaging temperature difference (△T) and lumbar range of motion (ROM) were evaluated and clinical efficacy were compared in the different age groups between two treatment methods., Results: ①VAS and JOA score outcomes, in the same age group and the same treatment method, the VAS and JOA scores at different time points postoperatively were obviously improved ( P <0.05). For the same age group and the different treatment methods, the older group had lower VAS and higher JOA scores after PETD than after CN ( P <0.05), and there was no significant difference between the young group and middle-aged group ( P >0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS and JOA scores at the same time between age groups by PETD treatment ( P >0.05). The VAS was higher and the JOA score was lower in older group than in young group and middle-aged group at 1, 6 months after CN treatment( P <0.05). ②△T and ROM outcomes, in the same age group and same treatment method, postoperative △T and ROM at different time points were obviously improved( P <0.05). There was no significant difference in △T between two methods of PETD and CN at the same age( P >0.05), there was no significant difference in ROM between young group and middle-aged group( P >0.05), ROM was higher after PETD treatment than after CN treatment( P <0.05). There was no significant difference in △T and ROM at the same time between age groups by PETD treatment( P >0.05). There was no significant difference in △T between age groups by CN treatment, but the ROM was smaller in older group than in young group and middle-aged group after CN treatment( P <0.05)., Conclusion: Both PETD and CN for inclusive LDH have good efficacy, the curative benefit for older patients receiving PETD within 6 months after surgery more than CN, and CN is more appropriate for young and middle-aged patients.

Objective: To study the correlation between N 6 -methyladenosine (m 6 A)-modification-associated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and poor prognosis and immunotherapy in cervical cancer based on data mining of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cervical cancer dataset, so as to assess effectively the prognosis of cervical cancer patients and the feasibility of immunotherapy., Methods: We identified m 6 A-modification-associated lncRNAs correlated to the prognosis of cervical cancer by conducting bioinformatics analysis of cervical cancer samples from the TCGA datasets and constructed a prognostic risk model of cervical cancer accordingly., Results: A total of 343 m 6 A-modification-associated lncRNAs were identified from the samples of 304 cervical cancer patients. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that 26 out of the 343 m 6 A-modification-associated lncRNAs were significantly associated with the prognosis of cervical cancer patients. We identified 7 m 6 A-modification-associated lncRNAs, including DLEU1, AC099850.4, DDN-AS1, EP300-AS1, AC131159.1, AL441992.2, and AL021707.6 through Lasso regression analysis and then developed a prognostic risk model based on them. According to the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, cervical cancer patients in the low-risk group exhibited significantly improved overall survival (OS) in comparison with those in the high-risk group ( P <0.001). The area under the curve ( AUC ) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated the high sensitivity and credibility of the risk model. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that the risk score was an independent prognostic factor of cervical cancer patients. Tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) analysis predicted that the high-risk group would benefit more from immunotherapy. In addition, we found that immune checkpoint PD1 was associated with the expression of m6A-modification-related lncRNAs such as DDN-AS1, and the expression was higher in the high-risk group ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: The prognostic risk model constructed on the basis of the aforementioned 7 m 6 A-modification-associated lncRNAs can be used to effectively predict the prognosis of cervical cancer patients and assess the efficacy of immunotherapy targeting PD1., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)