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As an important trait of poultry, bone characteristics affect the healthy development of poultry. Breeding of fast weight gain broilers and laying hens with a high laying rate increases the burden on skeletal system, which easily leads to abnormal skeletal development of chickens. Bone metabolism imbalance easily affects bone health, and then affects chicken growth performance. Chinese herbal medicine has many advantages, such as abundant medicine source, many nutrients and active ingredients, good application effect, little toxic and side effects, and is not easy to produce durable medicinal properties, so it has a wide application prospect in livestock and poultry production. At present, the research on Chinese herbal medicine and its active components regulating chicken bone metabolism and bone health has become a hot spot. In this paper, the growth and development of chicken bone, the characteristics of bone metabolism and common bone diseases of chicken were briefly described, and the research on bone metabolism and bone health of chicken by Chinese herbal medicine and its active components was summarized, which provided a reference for the development and application of Chinese herbal medicine in the prevention and treatment of chicken bone diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was to enrich high-quality forage varieties of grass in dry area of Longdong on loess plateau. A total of 14 soybean varieties of various types were introduced in study. On the basis of variance analysis, K-means algorithm was used for cluster analysis, TOPSIS method was used for comprehensive evaluation, and the forage productivity was discussed. The results showed that two forage varieties, Mulu No.9 and Mulu No.2, showed good adaptability to the climate in test area. The main stem was more than 2 m, with many branches and abundant leaves. The yield was 5 620.6, 4 586.7 kg/667 m2, the crude protein content was 17.30% and 17.90%, the neutral detergent fiber content was 44.17% and 45.32%, the acid detergent fiber content was 36.10% and 36.70%, the crude fat content was 4.68% and 4.70%, the calcium content was 1.97% and 1.93%, and the relative feed value was 143.50 and 135.75. Among seed soybeans, Guichun 1607 and Guixia No.7 can be used as forage, with yields of 3 710.7, 3 464.0 kg/667 m², crude protein content of 19.30% and 18.30%, neutral detergent fiber content of 41.32% and 42.74%, acid detergent fiber content of 32.80% and 34.45%, crude fat content of 4.00% and 4.35%, calcium content of 1.61% and 1.79%, and relative feed value of 151.00 and 143.50. The study indicates that Mulu No.9, Mulu No.2, Guichun 1607 and Guixia No.7 all have high feeding value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to find a green and effective method to separate flavonoids from Eucommia ulmoides leaves. Ultrasonic-assisted choline tryptophan ionic liquid was used to extract flavonoids from Eucommia ulmoides leaves. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction of total flavonoids. Aqueous two-phase combined with antisolvent precipitation was used to separate and extract flavonoids, and the components of flavonoids extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography. The results showed that the optimum parameters of response surface optimization were ultrasonic time 54.76 min, ultrasonic power 504.8 W and liquid-material ratio 23.5 mL/g, and the predicted extraction rate of total flavonoids was 2.66%. Under the optimized conditions of ultrasonic time 55 min, ultrasonic power 505 W and liquid-material ratio 24 mL/g, the extraction rate of total flavonoids from Eucommia ulmoides leaves was 2.53%. The content of rutin and quercetin in flavonoids extract was 50.88% and 1.26%, respectively. The study indicates that the process used in the experiment is green and environmentally friendly, and can be used as an efficient method for separating and extracting flavonoids from Eucommia ulmoides leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]