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In order to improve the utilization of apple pomace resources, verify the antibacterial activity and antiseptic properties of the ethanol extract of apple pomace, the antibacterial activity of extract from apple pomace were determined by the inhibition zone test. In addition, the antibacterial effect of the extract under different pH and salt concentration had been studied. At the same time, the ethanol extract of apple pomace was applied to the preservation of Passiflora edulia, using sensory scores and various physical and chemical indicators(Vc, soluble solids, total acid, solid acid ratio)as the basis to investigate the antiseptic effect of the extract. The results were as follows:(1)The ethanol extract of apple pomace had no obvious inhibitory effect on yeasts(diameter of inhibition zone <1 mm), but it had obvious inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli(diameter of inhibition zone was 6-9 mm).(2)The best inhibitory concentration for these strains was 4.0 g·L-1. In addition, when the antibacterial effect of the extract was optimal, the pH was 6-7 and the salt concentration was 5.0 g·L-1.(3)The optimal concentration for Passiflora edulia was 0.2%, and the rot rate after storage at this concentration was only 6.7%(control group was 67%), and the weight loss rate was 5.5%(control group was 36.3%). The soluble solids and total acid content were not significantly different from those before storage(P>0.05)(control group P<0.05). And most of the fruits were plump, firm, bright and shiny, moderately sweet and sour. The antibacterial extract of apple pomace has antibacterial activity and significant antiseptic effect, and provides a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of apple pomace resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study in Rhizocarpon Ramond ex DC. species by the method of combining phenotypic characteristics (morphology, anatomy and chemistry) with genotypic characteristics (ITS sequence). The aims of this present paper are to clarify the status of some species and explore the relationship between phenotype and genotype in Rhizocarpon. During the study on Rhizocarpon species from southwest China, R. sichuanense Y. M. Zhang, L. Hu & W. C. Wang sp. nov. is described as a new species in this genus. The new species is morphologically similar to R. cinereonigrum Vain and R. sinense Zahlbr., which also produces brown thallus, medulla I-, 8-spored ascus and brown ascospores with 1-septa. But it can be distinguished by the scattered, areolate to subsquamulose thallus, a distinct black prothallus, large ascospores are [(27-)32-42.5] μm × [12.5-17.5(-20)] μm and the presence of barbatic acid is in the thallus. In phylogenetic trees, it is also similar to R. badioatrum (Flörke ex Spreng. ) Th. Fr. which can be distinguished by the more continuous thallus with diffractaic acid or without secondary products, and the smaller spores [(23-36) μm ×(13-16) μm] than this new species. The phylogenic results are as follows: (1) The new species R. sichuanense belongs to badioatrum group which belongs to Rhizocarpon subg. Phaeothallus; (2) It is unsuitable to classify some groups only based on anatomical characteristics (spore size and separation type) in Rhizocarpon, the chemical characteristics should also be considered. In this paper, the achievement of ITS sequences provide the basic data for an establishment of a more reasonable and natural classification system. In addition, we provide high resolution pictures of morphological, anatomical and chemical characteristics as well as detailed descriptions of the new species. The key to the species of Rhizocarpon subg. Phaeothallus with 1-septa brown spore (Badioatrum group) in the world is also provided, which will provide basic data for the further studies in this group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Syzygium grijsii, an evergreen shrub of Myrtaceae and Syzygium, has good prospects for exploitation, but its chloroplast genome characteristics and phylogenetic relationships have not been reported. To fill the gap in the genomics of S. grijsii, a systematic study of the chloroplast genome of S. grijsii was conducted in this paper. Illumina high-throughput sequencing was used to perform complete assembly in the GetOrganelle platform, and the assembled data were also used to analyze the structural features and phylogenetic relationships of the S. grijsii chloroplast genome, including the structure, function and characteristics of the S. grijsii chloroplast genome, codon preference analysis, comparative analysis of the chloroplast genome and phylogenetic analyses. The results were as follows:(1)The chloroplast genome of S. grijsii was 158 591 bp in size, which contained 129 genes. Among them, 8 were rRNA genes, 37 were tRNA genes and 84 were protein-coding genes. The analysis detected 39 repetitive sequences and 84 SSR loci.(2)Codon preference analysis revealed that there was a bias towards A/U at the ends of the S. grijsii chloroplast genome, and the most used codon was the one encoding leucine.(3)In comparison with closely related species, the boundary length of S. grijsii was conserved, and the gene species at the boundary were similar to several Syzygium species; the S. grijsii chloroplast genome had a high degree of variability in the LSC and SSC regions, with 45 sites of 0.010 < Pi < 0.015 and a high level of nucleotide diversity.(4)Phylogenetic analysis showed that S. grijsii was most closely related to S. jambos, S. forrestii and S. cumini, followed by S. malaccense. The study concluded that S. grijsii had a conserved chloroplast genome structure with distinct features, sequence similarity and nucleotide diversity compared to Syzygium species, and affinity between it and various Myrtaceae species. In this paper, the genomic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the chloroplast genome of S. grijsii are conducted to lay the theoretical foundation for the identification and exploitation of the germplasm resources of S. grijsii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Guihaia is the property of Guihaia Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Guihaia is the property of Guihaia Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Guihaia is the property of Guihaia Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Potentilla kleiniana belongs to the family Rosaceae, which distributes in Central Asia, East Asia and Southeast Asia. In China, this plant is mainly found in east, south and southwest provinces. P. kleiniana has been prescribed for the treatment of various diseases in the field of traditional Chinese medicine, such as cough, fever, tuberculosis, mastitis, rheumatoid arthritis. Our previous study found that P. kleiniana had a certain cytotoxicity on tumor cells. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the chemical constituents of P. kleiniana and their cytotoxicity on tumor cells. The 60% ethanol extract of P. kleiniana were isolated by D-101 macroporous adsorptive resins, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, Toyopearl HW-40F, semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography and other methods, and their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties, NMR and HR-ESI-MS analysis. Meanwhile, all these compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against human cervical cancer cell line Hela. The results were as follows:(1)Thirteen lignans were isolated and identified as(+)-pionresinol(1),(+)-8-hydroxypinoresinol(2),(+)-syringaresinol(3),(+)-medioresinol(4),(+)-pionresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(5),(+)-8'-hydroxypinoresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(6),(+)-8'-hydroxypinoresinol-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(7),(+)-pinoresinol-8'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(8), schilignan F(9),(+)-pionresinol-4, 4'-O-bisglucopyranoside(10),(+)-lariciresinol-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(11), neoolivil-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(12), 3,3'-bis [3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2H-1-benzopyran](13). Among them, compounds 1-4, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13 were isolated from genus Potentilla for the first time, and compounds 5, 6, 9, 11 were isolated from P. kleiniana for the first time.(2)Cytotoxicity studies showed that compounds 1, 3 and 4 display certain inhibitory activities against Hela cells with IC50 values of(69.94 ± 1.89),(66.25 ± 2.11),(59.81 ± 1.73)μmol·L-1, respectively. Therefore, the study enriches the chemical constituents of P. kleiniana, and provides a material basis for the development of anti-cervical cancer drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring the stoichiometric characteristics of understory plants' leaves and soils in different forest types in Mao'ershan can reveal the adaptation strategies of understory plants in Mao'ershan, and provide data support for forest management. In this paper, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest (ZK), evergreen broad-leaved secondary forest (CLC) and evergreen broad-leaved forest (CL) in Mao'ershan were selected as three forest types, the leaf stoichiometry of main plants in herb layer and shrub layer, and the soil stoichiometry under three forest types were measured and analyzed. The results were as follows: (1) There was no significant difference in leaf C and N contents between herb layer and shrub layer, but P and K contents in herb layer were extremely significantly higher than that in shrub layer, and N P was significantly lower than that in shrub layer. Plants in herb layer was more likely to be restricted by N, plants in shrub layer was more likely to be restricted by P and the utilization efficiency of N and P were higher. There was no significant difference in leaf stoichiometry of plants in shrub layer among different forest types, but there were significant differences in leaf N content, CN, C P of plants in herb layer among different forest types. Plants in herb layer of ZK had higher nutrient use efficiency. (2) The soil C and N contents of the three forest types showed that CL > CLC > ZK, and there were extremely significant differences among the three forest types. The soil P content of ZK were the highest, while that of C: P and N P were the lowest. (3) Soil in ZK significantly affected some leaf stoichiometry of plants in herb layer and shrub layer, while the other two forest types had no significant effect on underforest plants. To sum up, there are significant or extremely significant differences in soil stoichiometry among different forest types in Mao'ershan. The nutrient requirements and environmental adaptation strategies of plants in herb layer and shrub layer are different. The soil of ZK has a strong influence on the leaf stoichiometry of understory plants, and the soil with low decomposition efficiency of organic matter in this forest type, and the soil is limited by N due to the low decomposition efficiency of organic matter, so the management of N in the mixed forest should be strengthened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the forest structure and soilphysicochemical properties of the artificial mixed forest of Pinus elliottii and Liriodendron chinense in the rocky desertification area of Western Hunan, taking Pinus elliottii and Liriodendron chinense artificial coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in the rocky desertification area of Western Hunan as the research object, this paper provides a theoretical basis for vegetation restoration, plantation structure optimization, and soil improvement in this area. The stand structure and soil physicochemical properties of existing stands were analyzed using plant community analysis and field sampling detection methods. Winklemass 1.0 was used to calculate the spatial structure parameters of the stands, and three-dimensional discrete random variables were used to analyze the spatial distribution pattern of dominant species. The results were as follows:(1)A total of trees of 897 plants·hm-2 with diameter at breast height(DBH)≥ 2 cm in the stand, belonging to 15 families and 16 genera. The main forest layer was Pinus elliottii, with an average DBH of 32.3 cm and an important value of 44.2%; the secondary forest layer was the broad-leaved tree, with the majority of young and middle-aged trees. Cinnamomum camphora and Liriodendron chinense were the dominant species, with important values of 17.1% and 13.2%, respectively. In addition, there were many natural regeneration species at the disadvantaged ecological niche.(2)The horizontal distribution pattern of trees tended to be random(w̅=0.503); the overall trend of forest stands tended to transition towards mediocrity and disadvantage( Ū=0.505); the degree of interspecific isolation was relatively high(M̅=0.689), and the mixed forest was in good condition. Three-dimensional discrete random variables of spatial structure parameters showed that 87.3% of Pinus elliottii was dominant and sub-dominant, 41.7% of Liriodendron chinense was sub-dominant, 26.9% was moderate, 23.5% of Cinnamomum camphora was moderate, 56.8% was inferior and absolute inferior.(3)The pH value of forest soil tended to be neutral; compared with abandoned land, the bulk density, water capacity, porosity, organic carbon, total potassium, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus of the forest soil had significantly improved. However, the forest soil was still relatively barren, with local soil compaction and poor water retention ability. To sum up, after 43 years of growth of Pinus elliottii and Liriodendron chinense as pioneer species, the stand has a trend of succession to the uneven-aged forest and intensive mixed forest. However, the number of young and middle-aged broad-leaved trees in the forest is relatively large, and faults appear in the near mature forest. The elderly coniferous trees occupy the dominant ecological location. Needles need to be drawn to supplement the broad-leaved trees, interspersed to cultivate the broad-leaved trees, and selective felling the inferior trees, to promote the structural succession of the forest with mainly sunny broad-leaved trees, followed by mesophytic and shade-tolerant broad-leaved trees. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for vegetation restoration, plantation structure optimization and soil improvement in the rocky desertification area of Western Hunan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Magnoliaceae plants in China have a long history of cultivation and rich species of Magnoliaceae plants have high scientific, ornamental, ecological and economic values. However, the existence of many Magnoliaceae plants is threatened due to the limited self-reproductive capacity and habitat destruction. The traditional propagation method is inefficient. Tissue culture technology promotes the conservation and utilization of Magnoliaceae plants. It can be applied in the conservation of endangered resources, breeding and commercial production of clonal seedlings. There are many studies on the in vitro shoot propagation, and the system is relatively perfect. Some studies can achieve rooting seedlings through this way. However, there are few studies on organogenesis, and the problems of callus induction and adventitious bud differentiation have not been solved effectively. Also, there are few studies on the somatic embryogenesis in China. This paper reviewed the research on different regeneration ways of Magnoliaceae plants such as in vitro shoot propagation, organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. The influences of explant selection, medium selection, growth regulator concentration and culture conditions on in vitro growth of Magnoliaceae plants were analyzed. Meanwhile, the paper summarized the problems and the solutions of rooting and browning, and prospected the future research directions. It will provide theoretical basis and technical reference for rapid propagation of Magnoliaceae plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saxifraga Tourn. ex L. is rich in species diversity with about 440-500 species and broad distribution. The taxonomical issues of this genus have been continuously concerned by the botanists. Saxifraga has important ornamental and medicinal values. Some of European countries have made great efforts on the exploitation and utilization of its ornamental resources. China is one of the diversity centers of Saxifraga, but it has been lagged far behind Europe, USA and even Japan in exploitation and utilization on ornamental value of this genus. The world breeding work in Saxifraga started 150 years ago. By the end of 2022, the 1 692 names of cultivars had been on-line listed by The Saxifrage Society, but only one came from China. In this paper, the germplasm resources of Saxifraga, and progress on its classification and breeding are reviewed, and also the utilization of its ornamental resources is briefly introduced, which will provide an important reference for taxonomical research, breeding and application of this genus in China. The results are as follows:(1) Saxifraga is rich in germplasms, but many scientific issues remain in the evolutionary relationships of its subordinate systems, which require a systematic and in-depth investigation by integrating morphological and molecular biology methods.(2)The cultivars of this genus are mainly raised through cross-breeding and mutant selection, and the majority of cultivars are from the UK, Czech Republic, Germany, and the Netherlands.(3)The breeding of Saxifraga started very late in China, with only few cultivars from one breeding method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the chemical constituents of Potentilla kleiniana and their anti-inflammatory activities. The 60% ethanol extract of P. kleiniana were isolated by D-101 macroporous adsorptive resins, silica gel, Toyopearl HW-40F and other methods, and their chemical structures were elucidated on the spectral data of NMR and HR-ESI-MS analysis. Meanwhile, the anti-inflammatory activities of compounds were evaluated by mouse macrophage (RAW 264.7) inflammatory model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. The results were as follows: (1) Fifteen compounds were isolated and identified from P. kleiniana as 2- (heptadecanoyloxy) propane-1,3-diyl distearate (1), 9,12,13-trihydroxy-10,15-octadecadienoic acid (2), methyl-9,12,13-trihydroxy-10,15-octadecadienoic acid (3), 2,2'-oxybis (1,4-di-tert-butylbenzene) (4), emodin (5), chrysophanol (6), (6R,9R) -3-oxo-α-ionol-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), neo-andrographolide (8), methyl-α-D-fructofuranosides (9), 1-O-β-D-fructofuranosyl-α-D-allopyranos (10), p-coumaric acid (11), cesternosides A (12), koaburaside (13), orientin (14), isoorientin (15). Compounds 1-15 were obtained from Potentilla genus for the first time. (2) The anti-inflammatory test results showed that compounds 1-3, 8, and 11-15 had moderate inhibitory activities on NO production, and the inhibition rate of compound 8 was 72.5% at the concentrations of 25 μmol·L-1. In conclusion, the study enriches the phytochemical information of P. kleiniana, and clarifies that fatty acid derivatives, phenolic components and diterpenoids are anti-inflammatory active components, which provides a theoretical basis for further exploitation of P. kleiniana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polygonatum cyrtonema seeds have a comprehensive dormancy phenomenon, and analyzing the changes of key genes before and after seeds germination plays an important role in exploring seed physiology and breaking dormancy. Based on high-throughput sequencing technology (Illumina Hiseq 2500), the transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were carried out in four stages of P. cyrtonema seed germination with three biological replicates. The results were as follows: (1) 388 231 Transcripts and 178 319 Unigenes were obtained by de novo assembly. (2) Among the 11 817 Unigenes with significant differences before and after germination, 6 405 were up-regulated and 5 412 were down-regulated. (3) Significant difference genes were enriched and analyzed in the GO enrichment analysis, and the differential expression up- and down-regulation Uningenes were main enriched in biological process and molecular function, which were mainly involved in metabolic processes and catalytic activities. (4) KEGG significant enrichment indicated that the differential expression genes were mainly enriched in ribosome, plant hormone signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism and other pathways; the up-regulated differential genes were mainly enriched in ribosome 231, plant hormone signal transduction 56, starch and sucrose metabolism 76 and others; the down-regulated differential genes were mainly enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis 48 plant hormone signal transduction 48, starch and sucrose metabolism 48, and other pathways; a total of 40 differential genes were involved in the synthesis of auxin pathway key enzymes. Genes encoding sucrose phosphate synthase were down-regulated and genes encoding glycogen phosphorylase were up-regulated in starch and sucrose metabolic pathways. This paper preliminarily clarified that plant hormone signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism played a key role before and after the seeds germination of P. cyrtonema and analyzed the key genes involved in these two pathways. This study preliminarily clarifies that plant hormone signal transduction and starch and sucrose metabolism play a key role before and after the germination of P. cyrtonema seeds, and analyzes the key genes involved in these two pathways, which provides a reference for further research on the physiology, reproduction and breeding of P. cyrtonema seeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the process of studying the diatom diversity of Hunan Province, we find that a Cymbella species collected from Xiang River possesses the following diagnostic features:(1)Cells are small and their lengths are less than 29 μm;(2)Valves exhibit slight dorsiventrality;(3)Distal raphe fissures are dorsally deflected;(4)Apical pore fields are very small and composed of 1-3 transapical rows of porelli, which comprise two forms, one is slit-like, similar to the areolae on the valve face, and the other is rounded with internal openings covered by the flap-like silica projections;(5)Striae 10-12/10 μm at the dorsal middle part, 11-13/10 μm at the ventral middle part, and areolae 30-40/10 μm;(6)And 1-2 stigmata exist near the valve ventral central area. After comparing this species with the type population of Cymbella pavanaensis A. Vigneshwaran et al., in this paper, it is identified as C. pavanaensis. This paper provides a clearer knowledge of the ultrastructure of C. pavanaensis, enlarges its geographical distribution region, and reports it for the first time in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Because the karst critical zone is an important part of the Earth Critical Zone system, the vegetation in karst area is an important carbon sink of terrestrial ecosystem, and the aboveground part of the vegetation in the karst area sequestrates carbon through plant growth, the carbon storage in the underground part is also very considerable, the growth of underground biomass and decomposition of litter also increase soil organic carbon and inorganic carbon content. Therefore, vegetation carbon cycle in karst area is one of the hotspots of karst carbon sink research. Based on the reviewing of research literature on carbon sequestration of karst vegetation in the past 40 years, this paper expounds the unique physiological characteristics of karst vegetation in Southwest China, and focuses on the following four aspects; (1) Evaluation of vegetation biomass, productivity and carbon storage in karst area of Southwest China; (2) Temporal and spatial variation patterns of vegetation and carbon source and sink effect in karst area of Southwest China; (3) Special mechanism of vegetation carbon utilization in karst area; (4) Prediction of vegetation carbon cycle model and carbon sink potential in karst area. The problems existing in the current research am put forward, and the future research direction is prospected. It is proposed that the future research should be carried out in the aspects of systematic determination of relevant parameters and mechanism process of vegetation carbon cycle in karst area, fine identification of vegetation landscape types in southwest karst area, quantification of carbon sequestration process, and correction and modification of karst vegetation carbon cycle model. This paper provides a reference for in-depth understanding the temporal and spatial evolution of carbon cycle in karst region and for exploring regional carbon cycle mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants of the lycophyte genus Phlegmariurus contain the chemical compound Huperzine A, the effective medicinal component treating Alzheimer’s disease, thus with huge economic value. To protect the natural resources, plants of the whole genus are listed as the National Key Protected Wild plants in China. In this paper, we revised the taxonomy of Phlegmariurus distributed in China based on morphological, ecological, and geographical evidence. We recognized 21 species from China, and organized them into four sections. Sect. Fargesiani X. C. Zhang ＆ R. H. Jiang is newly established, and the other three sections were revised based on previous studies, i.e., Sect. Hamiltoniani C. Y. Yang, emend. X. C. Zhang ＆ R. H. Jiang; Sect. Phlegmariurus; and Sect. Squarrosurus（Herter） X. C. Zhang ＆ R. H. Jiang, comb. ＆ stat. nov. We reduced the following taxon names to synonymies of various species of Phlegmariurus: Huperzia medogensis, Phlegmariurus austrosinicus, P. changii, P. nylamensis, P. cancellatus var. minor, P. qiongzhongensis, and P. shangsiensis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reveal the status of habitat resource utilization and the degree of competition among lichens in Dabancheng mountainous areas. In this work, 30 plots were sampled in the field and the species cover data of the plots were investigated, and the niche characteristics and environmental factors of lichen community species were analyzed by using niche width, niche overlap index and ordination analysis in this Dabancheng mountainous area. The results were as follows:(1)The niche width of Rusavskia elegans and Circinaria contorta were the widest in Dabancheng mountainous area, indicating that they were more adaptable to different environments. The niche widths of other lichen species were narrow, indicating that the species used the environmental resources to a less extent.(2)The niche overlap value between species was generally low, with only a few species pairs having a high niche overlap value. The degree of niche differentiation between lichen species was high, indicating that the competition between species was not intense.(3)Although niche overlap was common among species with wider niche widths, niche overlap values were lower. However, some species with narrower niche widths had higher niche overlap values with other species. As a result, there was no clear linear relationship between niche overlap and niche width.(4)The distribution of lichen species varied along the altitudinal gradient, and altitude, light intensity, humidity, wind speed, and human disturbance were the dominant environmental factors for the different niche characteristics of lichen community species in the study area. In conclusion, as a result of habitat resource competition in Dabancheng mountainous area, lichen species occupied their own distinct niches, resulting in niche differentiation and relatively stable communities. The distribution of species differed significantly due to differences in habitat conditions along the altitudinal gradient. The results of this paper provides a theoretical basis for the study of lichen community assembly, which are of great significance to the conservation of lichen species diversity and habitat in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodiversity is the material basis for human survival. At present, the conservation of biodiversity is mainly carried out through nature reserves. As an essential supplement to the existing nature reserve systems in China, the mini reserve is an essential means to connect fragmented habitats for animals and plants and maintain the integrity of ecosystems. This study systematically collates and analyzes the organizational structure, system construction, daily work, and preliminary results of the community-based Qu'nan mini reserve through a literature review and field investigations. The results are as follows: (1) The construction of the Qu'nan mini reserve is based on the mindset of “self-construction, self-financing, self-management, and self-benefit”. It is managed mainly by “equal discussion and democratic consultation” which has been recognized and supported by local community residents, the local government, and the outside world. (2) The establishment, construction, and development of the mini reserve have not only enhance the protection awareness of community residents and increase the number and diversity of surrounding animal and plant populations. It also improves the living environment of the Qu'nan community and enriches the spiritual culture of residents, significantly contributing to the protection of local biodiversity and traditional culture. In addition, this paper also discusses the hidden dangers in the construction of conservation communities. Some feasible suggestions are proposed to provide a reference for developing biodiversity conservation and other mini reserves in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the analysis of introduction and survival records, this paper reports the status of introduction, survival, and ex-situ conservation of plant species in the South China National Botanical Garden (SCNBG) . The results are as follows: (1) A total of 19 154 species, 99 subspecies and 136 varieties (80 597 accession numbers) of vascular plants belonging to 325 families and 3 952 genera have been introduced since 1956, of which 11 581 species, 52 subspecies and 80 varieties (24 352 accession number) belonging to 290 families and 2 777 genera are surviving currently; the introduction records include 565 species of National Key Protected Wild Plants (421 species survived), covering 94.7% (36/38) of the first-class National Key Protected Wild Plants (29 species survived), 76.4% (269/352) of the second-class National Key Protected Wild Plants (229 species survived), and 54.3% (547/1 008) threatened species (414 species survived) in South China. (2) The most species are introduced from Guangdong Province (7 193 accession numbers, 2 523 species), followed by Hainan Province (3 658 accession numbers, 1 593 species), Guangxi Province (4 744 accession numbers, 1 559 species) and other surrounding provinces; the SCNBG has obtained some precious plant resources from the same latitude regions by introducing and exchanging species with 61 countries around the world. (3) 17 specialized gardens for ex-situ conservation based on plant taxa (e. g. Magnolia Garden) show a high level in terms of introduction quantity and survival rate. (4) The correlation between the number of surviving species and the frequency of introduction is extremely significant (r = 0.85***) . (5) The survival rate of introduced species distributed naturally in South China is higher than that in other provinces. In the future, the SCNBG needs to strengthen the ex-situ conservation of plants through following points: (1) On the basis of investigation, cataloguing, evaluation and research, strengthening the introduction and collection of rare and endangered plants, native plants and economically important plants in tropical and subtropical regions, further improving the quantity and quality of ex-situ conservation; (2) Establishing an ex-situ conservation network system for plants in South China to effectively protect plant diversity in this region; (3) Improving the infrastructure construction and information management level of ex-situ conservation for higher efficiency; (4) Enhancing international scientific research cooperation and species exchange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the leadership of the Chinese presidency, the second part of the 15th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) adopted 62 decisions, in particular Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework(KM-GBF), which is based on the theory of transformative changes. KM-GBF, its achievements, gaps, and lessons learned, and the experience and achievements of other relevant multilateral environmental agreements, sets out an ambitious plan to implement broad-based action to bring about a transformation in our societies' relationship with biodiversity by 2030, and draws a new blueprint for global biodiversity governance. This paper provides an interpretation of the three core targets of the framework — the “3030 target” for protected areas, resource mobilisation, and digital sequence information of genetic resources, a brief introduction to the relevant decisions to ensure the implementation of the framework, and recommendations for future conservation actions in China: (1) To strengthen the mainstreaming of biodiversity conservation. Revision of China's Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan(2011-2030) is an opportunity to involve the whole government and society in the process and to take action to promote the goals and targets of the KM-GBF; (2) To further develop detailed conservation plans, clarify the scopes, purposes and management measures of conservation areas, and implement responsible authorities and specific measures for implementing the plans. Researches on the Other Effective area-based Conservation Measures (OECMs) are needed to incorporate into the management system for biodiversity conservation; (3) To develop an operational indicator system and monitoring plan in accordance with the monitoring requirements of the framework targets; (4) To continue to strengthen awareness and education on biodiversity conservation, raise public awareness and attention to biodiversity conservation, and promote sustainable production and sustainable consumption in society as a whole; (5) To promote international cooperation vigorously to explore and promote Nature-based Solutions on a larger scale, and find pathways for economic and social development that have positive and beneficial effects on nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Guihaia is the property of Guihaia Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Guihaia is the property of Guihaia Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Guihaia is the property of Guihaia Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Guihaia is the property of Guihaia Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Guihaia is the property of Guihaia Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Guihaia is the property of Guihaia Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Guihaia is the property of Guihaia Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Guihaia is the property of Guihaia Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Guihaia is the property of Guihaia Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to explore the responses of growth, photosynthetic characteristics and nutrient accumulation of Cunninghamia lanceolata container seedlings to different amounts of slow-release fertilizer application. In this paper, the effects of different amounts of slow-release fertilizer application treatments(0, 200, 400, 800, 1 000 and 1 200 g·m-3)on the growth of seedlings height, ground diameters, biomass, photosynthetic pigment content, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and nutrient content of C. lanceolata seedlings were investigated. Moreover, subordinate function value method was also employed to comprehensive evaluate the growth and physiology indexes of seedlings under different fertilization treatments, and screening suitable slow-release fertilizer levels for the growth of C. lanceolata seedlings, which providing reference for the efficiency cultivation of high quality C. lanceolata seedlings. The results were as follows:(1)Compared with the control, the slow-release fertilizer application could promote the growth of seedling height, ground diameter and the accumulation of total biomass of C. lanceolata seedlings to varying degrees.(2)The slow-release fertilizer treatments could significantly increase the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid in leaves of C. lanceolata as compared with control. In addition, slow-release fertilizer treatments also increased the values of maximum fluorescence(Fm), variable fluorescence(Fv), maximum photochemical efficiency of PS Ⅱ(Fv/Fm), potential photochemical efficiency of PS Ⅱ(Fv/Fo)and actual quantum yield(QY)to varying degrees when compared with control.(3)The slow-release fertilizer treatments could promote the nutrient accumulation in seedlings of C. lanceolata to varying degrees, among which the contents of Mn, Fe and Zn were found to be changed most significantly.(4)The results of subordinate function value method showed that when the amount of slow-release fertilizer application was 1 000 g·m-3, its membership value was the largest, which indicated that the comprehensive growth of seedlings under this treatment was the best. In conclusion, the amount of 1 000 g·m-3 slow-release fertilizer application is the most suitable treatment for the cultivation of high quality seedlings of C. lanceolata in the present study, under this treatment, the growth of C. lanceolata seedlings can be improved by increasing the accumulation of nutrient elements closely related to photosynthesis, thus increasing the contents of photosynthetic pigment in leaves, which in turn enhance the PS Ⅱ photosynthetic efficiency and electron transfer rate, further enhance the efficiency of light energy capture and utilization of leaves, and ultimately improve seedling growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lianas are one of the components in maintaining forest diversity. The over-increase of lianas in tropical and subtropical forests, especially in secondary forests is threatening the restoration and healthy development of forests. Few domestic researches make a comprehensive evaluation on the mechanism of the over-increase of lianas and negative effects on forests. In this paper, we reviewed and summarized the related researches on mechanisms and ecological consequences of the over-increase of lianas both at home and abroad. Based on the relevant studies we hold the opinions: (1) The increase of lianas can be corelated with drought severity, elevated atmospheric CO2, increased natural disturbance (gaps) and forest fragments. Lianas possess the advantages of rapid growth, strong reproductive capacity and phenotypic plasticity, and high resource use efficiency under the altered environment. Thus, the favorable environment and inherent advantages can contribute to the increase of lianas. (2) Lianas compete with trees by means of shading stress, resource competition and mechanical loading, abrasion, and strangulation, which all may increase the mortality of trees. (3) The over-increase of lianas can negatively affect the tree growth, reproduction, and survival; at community level, lianas can alter tree community composition and decrease community diversity; at ecosystem level, lianas can ramify forest ecosystem function by decreasing carbon storage and altering carbon, nutrient, and water cycling. Therefore, we recommend that future studies should be aimed at the correlations between population dynamic changes of liana species and environmental changes, the effect of forest disturbance on the growth of lianas, responses of lianas to the environmental changes and the adaption mechanisms, comprehensive evaluation on the ecological consequences of the increase of lianas by means of long-term dynamic monitoring plots and controlling experiments. It is also essential to find appropriate management and control strategies of the over-increase of lianas so as to provide reference for forest management and forest ecological restoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve our understanding of farmland surface process and agricultural water management in arid oasis area, we analyzed the characteristics of water and heat fluxes at different time scales, and the influence of arid advection and canopy conductance (Gc) on water and heat fluxes at different growth stages. In addition, we used path analysis to study the influence path of environmental factors on latent heat flux (LE) . In this paper, the water and heat fluxes were measured by eddy-covariance in 2017. The results were as follows: (1) LE showed multiple peaks, while the other fluxes were basically unimodal shapes at the daily scale. On the whole, the values of daily net radiation (Rn) were maximum, followed by LE, sensible heat flux (H) and soil heat flux (G) at each growth stage. The variation of diurnal G showed obvious lagged effect compared to that of Rn. (2) LE and H accounted for 86% and 14% (respectively) of daytime energy during the whole growing stages, indicating that LE was the main energy consumption item. The contribution of arid advection to daytime LE ranged from 5% to 59% with an average value of 28% at whole growing season. The influence of Gc on LE was stronger at the new shoot and leaf-fall stages than that in the middle growing season. (3) LE was mainly affected by Rn, followed by vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and air temperature (Ta), and the influence degrees of VPD and Ta on LE were similar. Furthermore, the path analysis showed that Rn directly affected LE; VPD and Ta mainly affected LE indirectly through Rn. As a whole, the water and heat fluxes in vineyards of arid desert oasis in Northwest China display significant diurnal and seasonal variations, and the influences of environmental factors on these exists great discrepancies in magnitude and path. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gyrocheilos is a small genus of Gesneriaceae endemic to hight altitude mountains in Southwest China and Guangdong Province, with only five species. This genus is characterized by laterally bending style, which curves 90° at the top of the style and the stigma right at the mouth of floral tube. This unusual floral trait may have special evolutionary and adaptive mechanisms. In this paper, three Gyrocheilos species, i.e. G. chorisepalus, G. retrotrichus, G. microtrichus were examined to figure out the developmental patterns of floral lateral bending. Breeding systems, floral syndrome and pollination processes were also studied in G. retrotrichus at Dawuling Mountain, Guangdong Province, to explore its pollination adaptations. The results were as follows: (1) G. microtrichus had only left-bending style, while right-bending style were observed in several flowers (2% -3% of the total flowers) of G. chorisepalus and G. retrotrichus, although the individuals and populations were dominated by left-bending style. (2) Pollination observation found that style lateral bending occurred at the early stage of floral bud in G. retrotrichus, with two fertile stamens were anther-united and hidden at the middle of the floral throat, and there was no left and right mirror symmetry relationship with the lateral style. (3) The pollen-ovule ratio (P/O) was (456.98 ± 15.55), belonging to facultative outcross breeding system. G. retrotrichus had a certain pollen limitation and self-pollination, but the germination rate of outcross seeds was higher, and there might be inbreeding decline. (4) There were few floral visitors and the frequency was low of G. retrotrichus. The main floral visitors were Halictidae, Bombus and Syrphidae. Bombus were large, and they landed on the bent style and the lower lip of the petals when visiting flowers. The side and lower part of the chest could effectively contact the stigma. (5) The detected reflected lights of flowers were composed of purple and blue-purple lights and the lower lips and outer floral tube with the highest reflection intensity, more likely to attract bees to land on the corolla's lower lip. Molecular phylogeny indicated that the closest genus of Gyrocheilos was Didymorcarpus, which was characterized by style downward bending and mirror-image flowers, suggesting the style lateral bending in Gyrocheilos probably evolved from either of these conditions. In conclusion, the lateral bending style might provide landing platform for pollinators and the stigma above the lower lips increase contact probability the floral visitors, which is an adaptation to the very low insect visitation due to fragmented and foggy habitats in high altitude areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Petrocodon Hance is one of the famous ornamental flowers, but most of them are assessed as extremely dangerous (CR), or at least above vulnerable (VU) due to climate turbulence and strong interference of human activities. To reconstruct the temporal and spatial changes of the potential suitable areas of Petrocodon since the last interglacial period, and explore the response of the suitable areas to environmental changes, which provided theoretical guidance for the origin of Petrocodon, the study of geographical differentiation, the conservation of unique germplasm resources in China, and the development and utilization of gardens. In this paper, combined with 120 distribution records and 17 environmental variables, the optimal MaxEnt model and geographic information technology (ArcGIS) were used to simulate the suitable areas and distribution pattern of Petrocodon in China and Indo-China Peninsula. Based on stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, redundancy analysis and Monte-Carlo test, the dominant variables affecting the current geographical distribution of Petrocodon were evaluated. The results were as follows: (1) The prediction accuracy of the optimized MaxEnt model was high, and the AUC value was greater than 0.96. The potential suitable areas of Petrocodon for the present distribution are continuous from Southwest China to North Vietnam, scattered in central and southern China and blocky in North Myanmar, of which the South Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in China was the most suitable. (2) The environmental variables which restrict the geographical distribution of Petrocodon included precipitation of the driest month (bio14), precipitation of the warmest quarter (bio18), precipitation of the wettest quarter (bio16), SD of the temperature seasonality (bio4), min temperature of the coldest month (bio6) and altitude (alt). (3) Under the climate change scenario, the expansion and contraction areas of the suitable habitat of Petrocodon were located in the north and northeast of the current potential distribution area, which were sensitive areas susceptible to climate change. During the last interglacial period, the suitable area of Petrocodon expanded on a large scale, but there was almost no suitable distribution area of Petrocodon in the dry and cold environment during the last glacial maximum. After that, with the aggravation of climate warming, the suitable habitats of Petrocodon increased rapidly to high latitudes, while the suitable habitat in low latitudes decreased. (4) The centroid position of the suitable area for Petrocodon migrated northwards from Yongfu County, Guangxi (110.10° E, 24.69° N) to Chengbu County, Hunan (110.29° E, 26.05° N). To sum up, global warming has a positive impact on the potential distribution area of Petrocodon, but extreme warming will cause the suitable habitat of Petrocodon to shrink, and the niche of Petrocodon will narrow. Southwest China to North Vietnam, which has the advantage of mature karst landform, may be its main refuge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Fagopyrum plant is rich in resources and contained a large number of flavonoid compounds. Research history and the research hotspots of buckwheat flavonoids were summarized by literature retrieval in this study. As it was revealed, the research paper about buckwheat flavonoids was firstly published in 1952. From 1952 to 1999, the number of publishing papers was less than 10 papers per year, and the research on buckwheat flavonoids was in its infancy. Since the year of 2000, buckwheat flavonoids have gradually gained more attentions from researchers, and the numbers of publishing papers have been increased annually. In the past two decades, researches conducting buckwheat flavonoids studies mainly focused on the fields of botany, food science and technology, agriculture, and biochemistry and molecular biology. Articles referring to the antioxidant activity of buckwheat flavonoids got high citations, and the biological activities and nutritional functions of buckwheat flavonoids attracted much attention. By now, 80 flavonoid compounds have been identified from Fagopyrum. Of them, quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, rhamnetin, isorhamnetin, tricin, naringenin, myricetin, apigenin and hesperetin were the common feature flavonoid aglycones from buckwheat. Peonidin, delphinidin and cyanidin were the anthocyanins compounds which were mostly isolated from Fagopyrum. Biosynthesis of buckwheat flavonoids originated from the phenylpropane metabolism pathway, and the key enzymes genes involved in the pathway, such as PAL, CHS, C4H, 4CL, CHI, LAR etc., and the transcription factor MYB genes were cloned and identified. MYB transcription factors played an important role in the induction and regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis, and major influence factors for the flavonoids biosynthesis included the environment factors, plant growth regulators, biological factors and varieties, and these factors could have cross regulations effects on the buckwheat flavonoids biosynthesis. In this paper, research overviews of buckwheat flavonoids, flavonoid compounds, flavonoids biosynthesis pathway, mechanism of regulation, and major influence factors are summarized, which can lay a theoretical foundation and a feasible scheme for high quality of buckwheat production during the cultivation process, and promotion of nutritional values of buckwheat products, and point out the research direction of buckwheat flavonoids in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Guihaia is the property of Guihaia Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Guihaia is the property of Guihaia Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A taxonomic study of the genus Anemone (Ranunculaceae) of China has been conducted. Eighty-six species are recognized and classified into ten Section. Of them, five section, Rivularidium, Anemonanthea, Himalayicae, Brachycladus and Pleurocarpus, are groups with medium-evolutionary level, and the another five sections, Omalocarpus, Stolonifera, Begoniifolia, Anemonidium and Anemone, are groups with high-evolutionary level. In these ten Sections, Sect. Himalayicae is closely related to Sect. Omalocarpus, Sect. Brachycladus is closely related to Sect. Stolonifera, and the relationships among the other six sections are not yet clear now. A key to sections, Series, species and infraspecific taxa, and literature citations and geographic distributions for all taxa are presented. Records of important specimens studied for each species and illustrations for most species are provided. Two section (Sect. Brachycladus and Pleurocarpus), four series (Ser. Hofengeses and Ser. Jiachaenes under Sect. Stolonifera and Ser.Xingyienses and Ser. Orthcarpae under Sect. Pleurocarpus), thirteen species (A. jiulongensis, A.baizhishanica, A.stenosepala, A.daofuenis, A.ludingensis, A. bomiensis, A. galonglashanica, A.trifoliolata, A. zheduoshanica, A.baoxingensis, A. gonggaensis, A. fugongensis and A.discoideogyna), one subspecies (A. obtusiloba ssp. dolichopoda), and four varieties (A. zheduoshanica var.atropurpurea, A.prattii var. sparsipilifera, A.fugongensis var. linearis Bruhl is elevated to specific rank; A. fulingensis is relagated to a variety under A. Pratti; due to that A. rupestris Hook. f. & Thmos. is an illegitimate later homonym, its specific epithet 'rupestris' is changed as 'neorupestris' in this paper; A.barbulata, long relegated to a variety under A.rivularis, is restored to its previous specific rank; and the reduction of A. demissa var. yunnanensis Franch. to var. demissa, and the reduction of A.oligocarpa Pei to A. delavayi Franch, by H. Handel-Mazzetti in 1939 are accepted in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The purpose of this paper was to establish the tissue culture regeneration system by using the seeds of Adansonia digitata. After treated with a suitable pretreatment and seeds sterilizing method, the initial medium was inoculated to obtain a sterile material. After initiation culture, the multiple shoot were induced in the enrichment medium, and then cut into individual plants for rooting induction, and finally established a tissue culture and rapid propagation system. The results were as follows: The optimal disinfection treatment combination of explants was 75% alcohol treatment for 3 min + 0.1% HgCl, treatment for 15 min, the contamination rate of explants was 21.7%; The germination rate was 46.0% after pretreatment with 95% concentrated sulfuric acid for 12 h; The A. digitata seeds were pretreated and sterilized and inoculated onto WPM start-up medium for 48 h, and the germination rate was 74.0%; After the initial culture, axillary buds of the explants were cut into 2-3 cm with a section of young stems and inoculated into the enrichment medium and cultured for 60 d for multiple shoots induction, finally, the best value-added medium was selected as WPM-1.0 mg - L ZT+ 0.2 mg - L'IBA, and the subculture cycle was 60 d with the increment coefficient as high as 3.1: The best rooting medium was WPM + 5.0 mg - L-1BA, and rooting was induced for 60 d with a rooting rate of 61.3%, the average number of roots was 1.9 and the average root length was 8.9 cm. Adding the right amount of IBA can improve the foam root phenomenon and improve the transplant survival rate. After seedling adaptation, the tissue culture seedlings of A. digitata were transplanted to mixed matrix with coconut vegetable garden soil perlite (volume ratio 1:1:1), and the survival rate reached above 60.0%. This paper preliminarily established the in titro rapid propagation technology system of A. digitata, and can provide theoretical and technical supports for the rapid propagation of A. digitata and the preservation of germplasm resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Guihaia is the property of Guihaia Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Acanthus ebracteatus is a special kind of rare mangrove plant, possessing great medicinal value. In this paper, in order to study the diversity of endophytic and rhizosphere culturable bacteria in the A. ebracteatus, we explored new potential bacterial species and strains with special biological activities. The culturable bacteria were isolated from A. ebracteatus by dilution separation method. The bacterial diversity was investigated based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. In addition, the confrontation experiment and lawn predation assay were utilized to screen bacteria with anti-microorganism activities. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 144 culturable bacteria were isolated from A. ebracteatus root, stems, leaves, flowers and rhizosphere soil. These bacteria were affiliated into 66 species based on the analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence. The bacterial genera Bacillus and Streptomyces were dominant in plant tissue and rhizosphere soil with that of the value 15.1% and 13.6%, respectively.(2)The bioactivity assays revealed that there were 29 strains with anti-fungal activity and 10 strain possessing a broad spectrum of anti-fungal activity. Among them, the Streptomyces strains had the strongest antagonistic effect, and the active strain Y129 was a potential new species.(3)A total of five strains showed predation activity on Staphylococcus aureus, multi-drug resistance Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Pseudomonas had the strongest predatory activity, and the active strain Y90 was a potential new species. In conclusion, A. ebracteatus and their rhizosphere soil contain rich bacterial germplasm resources and have a variety of functional strains, which can be used as one of the sources of biocontrol bacteria and medicinal bacteria. This study provides the theoretical reference for improving the efficacy and cultivation of A. ebracteatus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The naturalization and invasion of alien species have caused a serious impact on the global environment and social development, and have become a global problem faced by countries in biodiversity management and ecological conservation. China is one of the countries most seriously affected by alien invasion, and the situation is serious in the early warning, management and governance of alien invasion. Based on field surveys and literature research, Chenopodiastrum murale(L.)S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch, an alien invasive plant of Amaranthaceae sensu lato, is first reported for flora of China. C. murale is native to the Mediterranean region and has spread to more than 40 countries in Europe, America, Africa and Oceania. It is an invasive alien plant with great harm, and it is also clearly prohibited by customs and quarantine departments. This exotic invasive plant is now found in Chenggong District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province. This paper describes the morphological characteristics of the species in detail, as well as brief introduction of its taxonomical history, and provides field ecological photos for identification and comparison. In addition, the possible introduction route of C. murale was analyzed, and its potential harm and invasive risks were briefly assessed. This new record clearly demonstrate that the background survey of Chinese alien invasive plants is still insufficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corydalis saxicola is a perennial herbaceous plant, which mainly distributed in the karst areas of southwest China. Due to its important ecological and medicinal value, Corydalis saxicola has great prospects for development and utilization. With fragile living environmental condition and anthropogenic harvesting pressure, the wild resource of Corydalis saxicola is on the verge of exhaustion, so it has been included in the list of national key protected wild plants in 2021. In order to explore the causes for the endangerment of Corydalis saxicola and provide reference for its conservation and seedling breeding, this paper investigated the influencing factors on seed germination that including seed preservation methods, chemical pre-treatments, temperature, light, drought, pH, mix with wet sand and refrigerate treatment. The results were as follows:(1)Low-temperature storage can prolonged the seed activity, germination rate of 2-years stored seed could still reached 30%.(2)Germination rates of seed pre-treatments by HCl and NaClO solutions can reached to 50%～60%; germination rate was 50% at 20 ℃, while closed to zero at 30 ℃; darkness was more favorable for seed germination than periodic light condition; the seed germination rate kept decreasing with deepening drought; the seed germination rate did not changed significantly under the conditions of pH 3.0～8.0.(3)Mix with wet sand and refrigerate treatment can significantly promoted the seed germination potential and germination rate, and the germination rate was twofold of the control. In summary, the seed inactivation at room temperature and germination inability at high temperatures above 30 ℃ are more related to its endangerment; efficient seed germination methods can provide an effective way for conservation and industrial application of Corydalis saxicola. The results provide a theoretical and technical guarantee for the conservation of wild Corydalis saxicola, and technically support is cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a repository of genetic information of above-ground vegetation, the soil seed bank plays an important role in the natural succession and renewal of vegetation and the construction of ecological restoration. In this paper, three typical plant communities in the rocky desertification area of Gongcheng Yao Autonomous County were selected for the study, and soil seed bank structure and diversity in different communities and their response to soil nutrient characteristics were analyzed. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 3 648 seedlings belonging to 55 species in 51 genera and 33 families were detected, which included 20 species of 1, 2-year-old herbs, 21 species of perennial herbs, 5 species of vines, 3 species of shrubs and 6 species of trees; the average density of soil seed bank of different plant communities in karstic desertification areas of Gongcheng was Prunus salicina economic forest(22 493 grain·m-2)> Cyclobalanopsis glauca secondary forest(1 033 grain·m-2)> Phyllostachys sulphurea shrub(793 grain·m-2).(2)As for the plant life type of the soil seed bank, the soil seed bank life type of Prunus salicina economic forest was mainly annual malignant weeds, the plant life type of the soil seed banks in the Cyclobalanopsis glauca secondary forest and Phyllostachys sulphurea shrub was dominated by perennial herbs, while woody plants account for a relatively small proportion; the species diversity and similarity of the soil seed banks of different vegetation types were generally low, while the species composition of the soil seed banks also had low similarity with the aboveground communities.(3)The soil elements in the study area had higher nitrogen content and lower phosphorus content, and phosphorus was a limiting factor for plant growth in Phyllostachys sulphurea shrub and Quercus glauca secondary forest. In conclusion, the plant community in the stone desertification area of Gongcheng has some native germplasm resources, but overall shows a low species diversity, and it is urgent to introduce native tree species artificially to accelerate the positive vegetation succession on the basis of natural sequestration, and pay attention to nutrient management, especially the regulation of phosphorus elements. The results provide a theoretical reference for karst stone desertification management and vegetation restoration in Gongcheng. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]