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Noise pollution is considered an important aspect of global environmental issues. The construction of urban rail transit is gradually increasing, leading to excessive noise pollution in rail transit projects. The noise during construction has negatively impacted both the construction workers and residents in the surrounding neighborhoods. Therefore, monitoring and managing the noise is very important. In this study, noise sensors and sound level meters were employed to monitor the noises produced in an urban rail transit project. Then, Cadna/A software was utilized to simulate the noise characteristics. Based on the results, it was found that daytime noise has a maximum of 89.5dB(A), which exceeds the standard. To alleviate the noise impacts, a noise reduction scheme was put forward. The implementation of the noise reduction scheme is predicted to have an effect, resulting in an approximate 10-20dB reduction in noise level. The implementation of the scheme will allow the construction noise of the case projects to meet the national standard. This study addresses the research gaps related to construction noise in urban rail transit projects and provides valuable references for the noise control of urban rail transit projects in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To report and analyze the clinical features of the first documented case in China of anti-neurofilament heavy chain (NfH) antibody-associated encephalitis. Methods and Results A 63-year-old female presented with cognitive impairment, recurrent epileptic episodes, and aphasia. Head MRI showed multiple abnormal signals in bilateral frontal and parietal lobes, and slight swelling in some gyri, dilatation of the supratentorial ventricular system and brain atrophy, especially in bilateral temporal lobes and hippocampus. 18F-DPA714 PET/MRI showed abnormal uptake in multiple brain regions in the frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes, suggesting neuroinflammation in the brain. EEG showed frequent epileptiform discharges. Cerebrospinal fluid white cell count and glucose were elevated. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid antibodies related to autoimmune encephalitis were negative. Serum tissue-based indirect immunofluorescence assay showed cerebellar neurofilament-like fluorescence surrounding Purkinje cells, further detection of neurofilament protein-related antibodies, it suggested high titer of serum NfH-IgG (1:1000). The patient was diagnosed with anti-NfH antibody-associated encephalitis. After treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and methylprednisolone, the prognosis was improved. Conclusions Anti-NfH antibody-associated encephalitis is a rare and clinically complex condition. The myriad of symptoms complicates early diagnosis and differential identification. Early initiation of immunomodulatory therapy may offer prognostic advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the relationship between the levels of serum 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine (8 - OHdG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and cognitive dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods From February 2021 to February 2022, 126 patients with PD in The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University were divided into normal cognitive function group (PDN group, n = 41), mild cognitive impairment group (PD-MCI group, n = 47) and Parkinson's disease dementia group (PDD group, n = 38), and 50 healthy subjects were selected as control group. Hoehn-Yahr staging was used to evaluate the severity of patients with PD during the "close" period of anti-PD drugs, and the motor function of patients with PD was evaluated by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III (UPDRS III). Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to evaluate the severity of cognitive dysfunction at rest and in the "on" period of anti-PD drugs, and the serum 8-OHdG and MDA of PD patients and controls were collected. Pearson and partial correlation analyses were used to analyze the correlation between the levels of serum 8-OHdG and MDA and MoCA score in PD patients. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the influencing factors of cognitive dysfunction in PD patients. The efficacy analysis of serum 8-OHdG and MDA levels in predicting the risk of cognitive dysfunction in PD patients was carried out by using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve). Results The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between the MoCA score and the duration (r = - 0.241, P = 0.007), Hoehn-Yahr staging (r = - 0.333, P = 0.007), 8-OHdG (r = - 0.310, P = 0.000) and MDA (r = - 0.291, P = 0.004) in PD patients. The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that the elevated levels of 8-OHdG (OR = 1.335, 95%CI: 1.137-1.568; P = 0.000) and MDA (OR = 2.928, 95%CI: 1.676-5.115; P = 0.000) were risk factors for cognitive dysfunction in PD patients. The results of ROC curve showed the areas under the curve of 8-OHdG, MDA and their combination in predicting cognitive dysfunction in PD patients were 0.831 (95%CI: 0.761-0.902, P = 0.000), 0.846 (95%CI: 0.775-0.916, P = 0.000) and 0.922 (95%CI: 0.878-0.966, P = 0.000), respectively. Conclusions The detection of 8-OHdG and MDA in peripheral blood is expected to be a serum marker to evaluate the severity of cognitive dysfunction in patients with PD, and to predict cognitive dysfunction in patients with PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is closely related to neurological diseases such as stroke, migraine, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and decompression sickness (DCS). It has been suggested that PFO closure could be effectively prevent and treat these neurological diseases. This article focus on exploration of the pathogenesis, epidemiology and clinical characteristics of neurological diseases related to PFO, and to discuss the potential complexity and future development of PFO closure for the treatment of these diseases. The aim is to provide guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases related to PFO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to meet the demand for low-absorption sapphire crystal materials in important national defense projects in China, a self-produced crystal growth apparatus is developed in this study and the successful growth of low-absorption sapphire crystal can be achieved. The as-obtained crystal exhibits excellent transparency in the ultraviolet, visible, and near to midinfrared wavelength ranges. The transmittance is above 83% as the wavelength in the range of 250 nm to 400 nm, while the transmittance is above 85% as the wavelength in the range of 400 nm to 4 200 nm. On the basis of the characterization tests conducted on different regions of the crystal, the average dislocation density of crystal can be determined as 253. 19 cm-2. The rocking curve shows symmetrical and sharp peaks with a full width at half maximum of 14". In addition, it is worth noting that the light absorption coefficient of crystal is (23.3 -30.4) x 10-6 cm-1 at the wavelength of 1 064 nm, indicating that the impurity elements inside the crystal can be effectively controlled. Accordingly, the outstanding optical properties crystal can be applied in high-energy laser systems, space camera lenses and other relevant fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To retrospectively analyze the clinical sign and symptom, pathological and genetic characteristics of a case of hereditary myopathy with early respiratory failure (HMERF). Methods and Results A 26-year-old female patient presented with muscle weakness (including the proximal and distal arms and lower legs) and myalgia, typical daytime and nighttime respiratory failure symptoms. The serum creatine kinase (CK, 258 U/L) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK - MB, 17.80 ng/ml) levels were increased. The EMG showed myogenic changes, and thigh muscle MRI showed selective semitendinous muscle involvement. The skeletal muscle biopsy showed the formation of cytoplasm arranged in the submuscular membrane like a "necklace". Gene test revealed a mutation of TTN gene with c.90211T > C (p. Cys30071Arg). The final diagnosis was HMERF. Conclusions The possibility of HMERF should be considered in patients with unexplained respiratory failure, especially with muscle weakness. Skeletal muscle biopsy and genetic test can make a definitive diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of skeletal muscle biopsy in asymptomatic and pauci-symptomatic hyperCKemia. Methods and Results A total of 146 patients with asymptomatic or pauci - symptomatic hyperCKemia diagnosed in Peking University First Hospital from July 2020 to February 2023 were selected, and skeletal muscle biopsy was performed. About 72.60% (106/146) had histological changes, including muscular dystrophy (n = 73), inflammatory or necrotizing myopathy (n = 16), other myopathy (n = 15), and neurogenic skeletal muscle damage (n = 2). The positive rate of pathological diagnosis was 50.68% (74/146), including muscular dystrophy 82.43% (61/74), inflammatory myopathy 8.11% (6/74) and metabolic myopathy 9.46% (7/74). The positive rate of etiological diagnosis was 85.62% (125/146), including muscular dystrophy 67.20% (84/125), inflammatory myopathy 13.60% (17/125), metabolic myopathy 7.20% (9/125) and other causes 12% (15/125). Compared with different subgroups, the proportion of pathological changes ((χ² = 14.043, P = 0.000; (χ² = 12.740, P = 0.000), the positive rate of pathological diagnosis ((χ² = 10.641, P = 0.001; (χ² = 25.530, P = 0.000) and etiological diagnosis (Fisher's exact probability: P = 0.001; χ² = 10.811, P = 0.001) in the significantly elevated creatine kinase (CK) level group and the adolescent group was significantly higher than those in the mildly elevated CK level group and the adult group. The positive rate of pathological diagnosis in the asymptomatic group was higher than the pauci-symptomatic group (χ² = 4.792, P = 0.029). There were significant differences in the etiological ratio between the mildly elevated CK level group and the significantly elevated CK level group (Fisher's exact probability: P = 0.000), the adolescent group and the adult group (χ² = 86.149, P = 0.000), and the asymptomatic group and the pauci - symptomatic group (χ² = 20.608, P = 0.000). Conclusions Skeletal muscle biopsy was important in etiological diagnosis of asymptomatic and pauci-symptomatic hyperCKemia. Muscular dystrophy is a common cause of asymptomatic and pauci-symptomatic hyperCKemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole / electrostatic field Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry was developed for the determination of 16 organophosphate esters (OPEs) in water and sediment samples. The water samples were extracted by solid phase extraction (Oasis HLB column) while the sediment samples were ultrasonically extracted using 0.1% formic acid methanol and then purified using Sep-Pak PSA column. The treated samples were separated on a Hypersil Gold-C18 column (1.9 μmx2.1 mmx50 mm) and eluted with 0.2% aqueous formic acid solution and methanol. The detection and analysis were performed in electrospray ionization and dd-MS2 + confirmation, in positive mode. The analyzed 16 OPEs were quantitated by external standard method. The lowest detection limits were 3.10- 116.70 ng/L and the linear correlation coefficients were 0.940 7-0.999 8. The developed method was used to analyze the target compounds in water samples and sediment samples from Luoma Lake. In 21 water samples, the concentrations of ∑16OPEs were in the range of 2.99-1 113.09 ng/L, with a median concentration of 408.68 ng/L and an average concentration of 420.03 ng/L. In 6 sediment samples, the concentration of ∑16OPEs were in the range of 15.70-41.28 ng/g, with an median concentration of 27.06 ng/g and an average concentrations of 27.49 ng/g. Compared with the data reported from other water bodies in China or other countries, the concentrations of OPEs in Luoma Lake were at a median/low level. Ecological risk assessment showed that triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), tri-o-cresyl phosphate (o-TTP), tri-m-tolyl phosphate (m-TTP) and tri-p-tolyl phosphate (p-TTP) could pose medium or high risks to water and sediments in Luoma Lake at some sites [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The disposal of recyclable waste in China primarily relies on manual sorting, which is inefficient, suffers from harsh working environment and high cost. In this study, an intelligent recyclable waste sorting system is proposed, which employs RGB image as visual information input. Then the class and coordinates of the moving waste on the conveyor belt are obtained through object detection algorithm. Finally, the recyclable waste is picked up by the robotic arm and delivered to different bins. As recyclable waste has various appearance, it collects 36 572 frames of waste pictures and establishes a recyclable waste dataset for model training. This is to improve the generalization ability of the object detection model. Based on YOLOv4, an attention-based detection algorithm, Attn-YOLOv4 is proposed, and the mAP of Attn-YOLOv4 algorithm is 0.16% higher than that of the original YOLOv4. Besides, a multithreaded object tracking algorithm is proposed, which achieves an accuracy of 0.945 within a tolerance of 20 mm. Furthermore, a post-processing module acquires the orientations of the waste, which is further converted to world coordinates and orientations for the robotic arm. In the end, the feasibility and practical effect of the intelligent recyclable waste sorting system are verified and evaluated on a continuous recycling production line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the application value of multi - modal image fusion three - dimensional (3D) reconstruction technology in operation of meningioma in the central area. Methods and Results Using multi-modal image fusion 3D reconstruction technology to study 46 patients admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China from April 2019 to May 2021. 3D Slicer software was used to process the original imaging data to reconstruct 3D models of tumor, peritumoral vein, cerebral cortex, skull, scalp, etc., and intraoperatively Sina software was used for projection assisted incision design to verify the actual tumor position and its adjacency structures preoperatively. To reconstruct the effect before surgery, the tumor was removed under microscopy. All patients completed the preoperative reconstruction. The intraoperative verification showed that the tumor and its adjacency structures were in good agreement with the preoperative 3D model. All patients did not cause unnecessary injury due to insufficient preoperative exposure caused by improper preoperative planning. Forty-six cases of meningioma in the central area were completely removed under the microscopy, 32 cases had no limb dysfunction, 8 cases had significant improvement in limb function, and 6 cases had decreased muscle strength. None of the patients had epileptic seizures. One patient had postoperative infection, after active anti-infection, he was cured and discharged. There was no death. Conclusions The 3D Slicer reconstruction technology applied to meningioma in the central area can display the tumor and its adjacent structures in a intuitive, multi-dimensional and dynamic 3D manner, guide the maximum resection of the tumor and protect the peritumoral vein and cortex during the operation. Sina software has clinical and practical value in preoperative positioning of meningioma in the central area, such as accuracy, safety, non-invasiveness, and convenience, and it is worthy of further research and promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of low dose rt-PA combined with transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) in the intravenous thrombolysis treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Methods A total of 139 patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital from July 2016 to May 2019 were randomly divided into the rt-PA standard dose group (0.90 mg/kg, total dose ≤ 90 mg), low dose group (0.60 mg/kg, total dose ≤ 60 mg) and low dose combined with TCD group (combined treatment group). TCD was used to continuously monitor the blood flow of middle cerebral artery for 2 h at the beginning of thrombolysis in the combined treatment group. TCD was only performed before and 2 h after thrombolysis in the standard dose group and low dose group. Two hours after thrombolysis, the recanalization rates of intracranial vessels in different treatment groups were compared. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was used to evaluate the severity of clinical symptoms in each group, and the incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage 24-48 h after thrombolysis was recorded. The self-care ability of 90 d after thrombolytic therapy was evaluated by modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and the mortality rate was calculated. Results The recanalization rate in the combined treatment group were higher than those in the standard dose group (P = 0.037) and low dose group (P = 0.030), and the NIHSS score 2 h after thrombolysis was lower than that in the standard dose group (P = 0.046) and low dose group (P = 0.026); the incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (P = 0.017, 0.024) and 90 d mortality (P = 0.005, 0.016) in the low dose group and combined treatment group were lower than those in the standard dose group. Conclusions Low dose rt-PA combined with TCD assisted intravenous thrombolysis can improve the recanalization rate without increasing the risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To summarize the clinical phenotypes and genetic mutations of DNAJB6 related myopathies. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical information, laboratory tests, muscle MRIs, electromyography results, muscle pathology examinations and genetic mutations of 2 patients of DNAJB6 related myopathies from one family and reviewed related published literatures of DNAJB6 related myopathies. Results The proband presented with muscle weakness of both proximal and distal limbs, with lower limbs more serious than upper limbs, and proximal more serious than distal. The father of proband presented with abnormal gait, and he could only climb stairs with assistance. Serum creatine kinase (CK) levels of both patients were normal. Muscle MRIs of both patients showed different degrees of fatty infiltration. Muscle biopsies of both patients showed similar changes with dystrophic features, and some muscle fibers with rimmed vacuoles inside, as well as increased internal nuclei and a few regenerating fibers. Genetic tests proved both patients carried the same DNAJB6 gene variant, c.161A>C (p.Glu54Ala), which was the first report in mainland China. The proband was diagnosed as limb - girdle muscular dystrophy D1 (LGMD-D1) type, and the father of proband was diagnosed as distal myopathy. This family was considered as autosomal dominant DNAJB6 related myopathy. Referring to literature, heterogeneities exist in DNAJB6 related myopathies, and different clinical phenotypes could be presented in one single family. Conclusions The phenotypes of DNAJB6 related myopathies include limb - girdle muscular dystrophy and distal myopathy. Muscle pathology shows similar changes of rimmed vacuoles and dystrophic features. This reported family further expands the spectrum of phenotypes of DNAJB6 related myopathies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake of China. It always shows a dramatic variation of the water area in different seasons and years. The tempo-spatial dynamic hydrologic characteristics of Poyang Lake make it exist like a river in dry season and as a lake in wet season. The monitoring results from remotely sensed data with lower temporal resolution are hard to explain the season and annual inundation pattern of the lake. Several water extraction methods of HJ-1A/1B satellite CCD images were compared. The methods integrated Rayleigh scattering correction reflectance and get the best results with 97% overall accuracy. It proves that the atmospheric correction process could effectively improve the extraction results of complicated water areas. The 151 scenes HJ CCD data were collected from Sep 2008-Dec 2011, and were used to extract the water body through the novel methods introduced in the study. The tempo-spatial inundation pattern of Poyang Lake were analyzed based on the monthly average inundation area. This paper utilized the satellite data with high temporal resolution to dynamic monitor the fluctuation of the inundation area of Poyang Lake, and explain the reason of tempo-spatial inundation pattern occurs in Poyang Lake in the past three years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the sandstorm data collected from the four meteorological stations in western Shache, Markit, Bachu and Kashgar of Southern Xinjiang in recent 10 years, the time and speed characteristics of the sandstorms were studied. The results show that dust storm frequency has tapered year by year in recent 10 years. Kashgar's dust storms tapered more in the first three years. In the last two years, frequencies still decreased in Kashgar, but it increased in Shache and Markit. The sandstorms mainly occurred from April to June, especially in April. The dust storms mainly occurred at 20:00 in the evening, with a maximum duration of about 10 h happening in shache, Markit and Bachu. The average wind speed of sandstorms of the 4 places was different from each other. As there is a higher climate testing level in recent years, data acquisition for 1 times changes from 10 minutes to 1 minute. The sandstorm characteristics of wind speed were more accurately studied. Wind speed characteristics of the longest duration time of the two sandstorms were analyzed in Bachu and Markit. The wind direction is respectively northwest in Markit and northeast in Bachu. The wind speed changed obviously in Markit, with an average reriodic variation of 4 minutes, and is of obvious of gust characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an outstanding literature and art worker in the history of China's modern literary theory, Qu Qiubai aesthetic thoughts was based on Marxist-Leninist literary theory, and referred to chernyshevsky and the other Russian revolutionaries' literary theories, combined with the Chinese real revolution. In the popular literature, literary ideological features and art practical function, he reconstructed Chinese literary and artistic development, which directed to the revolutionary art and literary development. It has also profound significance and reference value for the development of contemporary art. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crisis due to modernization is essentially a paradox in human cultural/spiritual life, which originates from the dilemma of moral philosophy due to modernization. As a product from the humanistic ontology of modernization, the "culture rationality" that conforms to the integrity and rational spirit is now shaded by the "purpose rationality" that only conforms to the individuality and perceptual desires. So, the hierarchy of the values of human beings should be restructured metaphysically to get rid of the crisis due to modernization, with the "culture rationality" reshaped in social development. The fundamentals of the preposition "culture rationality" include the "moral integrity" and "systematic ethics". To restore the culture rationality is not only a dialectic self-denial of modernization but also an integrant part of China's scientific outlook of development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of MR Sialography (MRS) in diagnosis of submandibular sialolithiasis. METHODS: Twenty-one patients with submandibular sialolithiasis were scanned by MRS, the results of MRS were compared with those after proper treatment. RESULTS: The results of MRS were consistent with those after proper treatment. CONCLUSION: MRS has high diagnostic accuracy in diagnosis of sialolithiasis including submandibular sialadenitis. Supported by Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Grant No.Y0203). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Danjiangkou Reservoir is a critical water source for the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, which harbors a diverse bacterioplankton community with varying depths, and the understanding of its nitrogen and phosphorus cycle and associated driving factors remains limited. In this study, we selected five ecological sites within Danjiangkou Reservoir and conducted metagenomics analysis to investigate the vertical distribution of bacterioplankton communities in the surface, middle, and bottom layers. Furthermore, we analyzed and predicted the function of nitrogen and phosphorus cycles, along with their driving factors. Our findings revealed the dominance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Planctomycetes in the Danjiangkou Reservoir. Significant differences were observed in the structure of bacterioplankton communities across different depths, with temperature （ T ）, oxidation-reduction potential （ORP）, dissolved oxygen （DO）, and Chla identified as primary factors influencing the bacterioplankton composition. Analysis of nitrogen cycle functional genes identified 39 genes, including gltB , glnA , gltD , gdhA , NRT , etc., which were involved in seven main pathways, encompassing nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, and dissimilatory nitrate reduction. Phosphorus cycle function gene analysis identified 54 genes, including pstS , ppx - gppA , glpQ , ppk1 , etc., primarily participating in six main pathways, including organic P mineralization, inorganic P solubilization, and regulatory. Cluster analysis indicated that different depths were significant factors influencing the composition and abundance of nitrogen and phosphorus cycle functional genes. The composition and abundance of nitrogen and phosphorus cycle functional genes in the surface and bottom layers differed and were generally higher than those in the middle layer. Deinococcus , Hydrogenophaga , Limnohabitans , Clavibacter , and others were identified as key species involved in the nitrogen and phosphorus cycle. Additionally, we found significant correlations between nitrogen and phosphorus cycle functional genes and environmental factors such as DO, pH, T , total dissolved solids （TDS）, electrical conductivity （EC）, and Chla. Furthermore, the content of these environmental factors exhibited depth-related changes in the Danjiangkou Reservoir, resulting in a distinct vertical distribution pattern of bacterioplankton nitrogen and phosphorus cycle functional genes. Overall, this study sheds light on the composition, function, and influencing factors of bacterioplankton communities across different layers of Danjiangkou Reservoir, offering valuable insights for the ecological function and diversity protection of bacterioplankton in this crucial reservoir ecosystem.

As regulators of the surface land processes, soil fauna communities are the vital foundations for healthy terrestrial ecosystems. Soil fauna have been studied in China for more than 70 years. Great progresses have been achieved in exploring soil fauna species composition and geographical distribution patterns. Soil fauna eco-geography, as a bridge between soil fauna geographic patterns and ecosystem services, has a new development opportunity with the deep recognition of soil fauna ecological functions. Soil fauna eco-geography research could be partitioned into four dimensions including the spatio-temporal patterns of: 1) the apparent characteristics of soil fauna community, such as species composition, richness and abundance; 2) the intrinsic characteristics of soil fauna community, such as dietary and habits; 3) soil fauna-related biotic and abiotic interactions especially those indicating drivers of soil fauna community structure or shaping the roles of soil fauna in ecosystems; and 4) soil fauna-related or -regulated key ecological processes. Current studies focus solely on soil fauna themselves and their geographical distributions. To link soil fauna geography more closely with ecosystem services, we suggested that: 1) converting the pure biogeography studies to those of revealing the spatio-temporal patterns of the soil fauna-related or regulated key relationships and ecological processes;2) expanding the temporal and spatial scales in soil fauna geographical research;3) exploring the integrated analysis approach for soil fauna-related data with multi-scales, multi-factors, and multi-processes;and 4) establishing standard reference systems for soil fauna eco-geographical researches. Hence, the change patterns of ecological niche of soil fauna communities could be illustrated, and precision mani-pulations of soil fauna communities and their ecological functions would become implementable, which finally contributes to ecosystem health and human well-being.

Objective: To analyze the mutation spectrum of 23-site chip newborn deafness genetic screening in Beijing, and to provide basis for genetic counseling and clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: The study included 21 006 babies born in Beijing from December 2022 to June 2023. All subjects underwent newborn deafness genetic screening in Beijing Tongren Hospital, covering 23 variants in 4 genes, the GJB2 gene（c.35delG, c.176_191del16, c.235delC, c.299_300delAT, c.109G>A, c.257C>G, c.512insAACG, c.427C>T, c.35insG）, SLC26A4 gene（c.919-2A>G, c.2168A>G, c.1174A>T, c.1226G>A, c.1229C>T, c.1975G>C, c.2027T>A, c.589G>A, c.1707+5G>A, c.917insG, c.281C>T）, Mt12SrRNA （m.1555A>G, m.1494C>T） and GJB3 gene（c.538C>T）. The mutation detection rate and allele frequency were analyzed. Results: The overall mutation detection rate was 11.516%（2 419/21 006）, with the GJB2 gene being the most frequently involved at 9.097%（1 911/21 006）, followed by the SLC26A4 gene at 2.123%（446/21 006）, the GJB3 gene at 0.362%（76/21 006） and Mt12SrRNA at 0.176%（37/21 006）. Among the GJB2 genes, c.109G>A and c.235delC mutation detection rates were the highest, with 6.579%（1 382/21 006） and 1.795%（377/21 006）, respectively. Of the SLC26A4 genes, c.919-2A>G and c.2168A>G had the highest mutation rates of 1.423%（299/21 006） and 0.233%（49/21 106）, respectively. Regarding the allele frequency, GJB2 c.109G>A was the most common variant with an allele frequency of 3.359%（1 411/42 012）, followed by the GJB2 c.235delC at 0.897%（377/42 012） and the SLC26A4 c.919-2A>G at 0.719%（302/42 012）. Conclusion: 23-site chip newborn deafness genetic screening in Beijing showed that GJB2 c.109G>A mutation detection rate and allele frequency were the highest. This study has enriched the epidemiological data of 23-site chip genetic screening mutation profiles for neonatal deafness, which can provide evidence for clinical practice., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is one of main grain production areas in China, which is of great significance to food security. Understanding the carbon footprint of major grain crop production is helpful to develop high-yield and low-carbon agriculture. Based on the data of yield, sown area and farmland production input of main grain crops (rice, wheat and maize) in six provinces (Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, and Zhejiang) in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River from 2011 to 2020, we estimated carbon footprint in the production of the three grain crops. The results showed that from 2011 to 2020, yield per unit area, planting area, and total yield of rice, wheat and maize were the highest in Jiangsu Province. In terms of area-scaled carbon footprint, rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River had the highest area-scaled carbon footprint, with an average of 2.0 t CE·hm -2 , followed by wheat and maize. The area-scaled carbon footprint of the three staple crops was increasing. In terms of yield-scaled carbon footprint, rice was the highest, with an average of 0.8 kg CE·kg -1 , followed by wheat and maize. In terms of carbon input structure, irrigation electricity, chemical fertilizers and pesticides accounted for a relatively high proportion. Irrigation electricity accounted for 35.0%, 36.3%, and 33.2% of the total carbon input of rice, wheat and maize, respectively. Chemical fertilizers accounted for 28.8%, 32.5%, and 32.5%, respectively, while pesticides accounted for 24.2%, 13.3% and 11.5%, respectively. In terms of carbon efficiency, maize had the highest (3.9 kg·kg -1 CE), followed by rice and wheat. With the green development of agriculture, carbon emission in the production of major grain crops in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River could be reduced by improving irrigation efficiency, fertilizer utilization efficiency, pesticide utilization efficiency and mechanized operation efficiency, as well as diversification of straw returning, cultivation of new varieties and policy leverage.

Since the emergence of the term "materia medica", scholars have proposed different opinions on its concept. This term has been used to refer to traditional Chinese medicines, or medical books, or traditional pharmacology. Due to the differences in the concept of materia medica, scholars also have controversies about the concept of herbalism. Herbalism is usually understood as traditional Chinese pharmacology. After years of evolution, the term "herbalism" has now possessed the characteristics of an independent discipline, which can be defined as an applied basic discipline that comprehensively utilizes traditional and modern technological methods to study the formation, development, and changes of traditional pharmacology and reveal the basic theories and application laws of traditional medicine. At present, the research content of herbalism mainly includes three aspects: materia medica history, materia medica literature, and traditional pharmacology. This study explores the disciplinary concepts and main research content of herbalism based on a systematic review of the literature about the concepts of materia medica and herbalism, with the aim of attracting more attention to promote the establishment and development of the discipline of herbalism.

Objective To identify the possibility of IgG Fc binding protein (FCGBP) acting as a prognostic marker of low-grade glioma (LGG) and its correlation with immune infiltration. Methods The expression of FCGBP was analyzed in pan-cancer using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotypic tissue expression (GTEX), and China Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database. Then, GSE15824 and GSE68848 datasets were selected for further verification. And gene expression Profile Interaction analysis (GEPIA) database and R language were used to analyze the relationship between FCGBP and survival prognosis. Metascape and GSEA were used for functional annotation and enrichment analysis. Finally, the expression of FCGBP gene in LGG immune microenvironment and its correlation with immune cells were analyzed by TIMER database. Results FCGBP was highly expressed in LGG tissues, indicating poor prognosis of LGG patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and COX analysis showed that FCGBP was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of LGG. Moreover, Gene Ontology (GO) demonstrated that FCGBP was involved in cell metabolism, localization, positive, and negative regulation of biological processes, as well as biological adhesion, response to viral and microbial stimulation, and inflammation. GSEA pathway enrichment analysis showed that FCGBP was significantly correlated with Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway, Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway, chemokine pathway, and P53 pathway. In addition, FCGBP expression was positively correlated with the expression of most immune cells in the immune microenvironment of LGG. Conclusion The high expression of FCGBP in LGG is a risk factor for survival and prognosis, and it is positively correlated with the expression of immune cells.

Novel drug discovery from the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine is the most distinctive feature and advantageous field of China, which has provided an unprecedented opportunity. However, there are still problems such as unclear functional substance basis, action targets and mechanism, which greatly hinder the clinical transformation of active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine. Based on the analysis of the current status and progress of innovative drug research and development in China, this paper aimed to explore the prospect and difficulties of the development of natural active ingredients from traditional Chinese medicine, and to explore the efficient discovery of trace active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine, and obtain drug candidates with novel chemical structure, unique target/mechanism and independent intellectual property rights, in order to provide a new strategy and a new model for the development of natural medicine with Chinese characteristics.

The paradigm can be summarized as the same methodological principles followed by the members of the learning community who received common education, training, and edification in the common social and historical stage, and had common academic views, concepts, and terms. The "species standardization" paradigm of botanical drugs in China has experienced the period of non-standardization of names(the end of the Warring States period), the period of multi-dimensional textual research paradigm of traditional materia medica(from the end of the Warring States period to 1930s), and periods of modern plant taxonomy system research paradigm(from 1930s to the present). The multi-dimensional textual research paradigm of traditional materia medica is characterized by the textual research of species in different regions and years based on the classification of the natural attributes and the habit of correspondence between names and materials, from the multi-dimensional investigation of the name, appearance, color, smell, texture, growth environment, efficacy, and morphological characteristics of medicinal materials, to find the correspondence between names and materials. The purpose of the progress in traditional species standardization is practicality for humans, and there is a lack of systematic research on the classification and naming principles in line with its laws from the plant itself, resulting in inaccurate research results. The research paradigm of modern plant taxonomy is herbal research. The characteristics of this paradigm are using plant taxonomy knowledge to conduct textual research to confirm the species of the drug and calibrate the scientific name by the double name method, based on the plant morphology, harvest season, origin distribution, ecological habits, names, drug efficacy, and other data in the lite-rature of previous dynasties. This paradigm combines the knowledge of traditional materia medica and modern plant taxonomy, and the results of species research are accurate.

Interdisciplinary integration is a major feature of current scientific and technological development and also an inherent demand of economic and social development. The classic works in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), such as Huangdi's Internal Classic(Huang Di Nei Jing) and Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica(Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing), contain rich and distinctive geographic ideas about the origin of Chinese medicine and prescriptions. There are many TCM schools and the distribution of each school has obvious geographical characteristics. The difference in geographical space is a major factor causing the difference in schools. There have been records of drugs and places of origin in previous documents of the Han Dynasty. Many drug names in Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica begin with ancient country names or ancient place names, indicating that the compilers attached great importance to the relationship between drugs and places of origin. Doctors in the Tang Dynasty have realized that the quality of medicinal materials was closely related to the place of origin, and each place of origin had herbalists to support the harvesting. The national yearly harvested drugs were all distributed with the places of origin. In the Song Dynasty, there were more records about the origin of drugs than in the Tang Dynasty, and the drawings attached to the Materia Medica Arranged According to Pattern(Zheng Lei Ben Cao) were titled with the names of the origins. In the Jin and Yuan dynasties, the literature on Chinese materia medica inherited the relationship between the origin and quality of drugs and contained rich geographical views in the "medication method". In the Ming Dynasty, the literature on Chinese materia medica was the first to clearly label the Daodi origin, and recognized the differences in quality and application of drugs between different origins. In the Qing Dynasty, doctors realized that there were variations and differences in the origins of drugs used by doctors in different periods, and the problem of origin was one of the reasons for the ineffectiveness of drugs. During the period of the Republic of China, doctors also paid great attention to the relationship between the origin of drugs and the quality of drugs, and the changes in the origin of drugs. TCM and geography share a common philosophical foundation. To inherit and develop the experience of doctors in the past dynasties on the relationship between drugs and origins, it is necessary to combine "Chinese materia medica" with "geography" to carry out the research on the geography of Chinese medicine, conduct multidisciplinary integration, build a new way to inherit and innovate the essence of TCM, promote the connection between philosophy of Yi, medical science, pharmacology, and geography, better serve the production practice of TCM, and promote the solution of problems related to the development of the Chinese medicine industry.

Most of the neuroendocrine tumors(NETs) overexpress the somatostatin receptor(SSTR),which provides a reliable target for SSTR-targeted peptide receptor radionuclide therapy(PRRT).Compared with drug therapy,PRRT has high objective response rate and significantly prolongs patients' survival.Moreover,the patients have good tolerance to this therapy.Considering that PRRT is in clinical trial phase in China,this article elaborates on the selection and preparation of patients,pre-treatment medications,administration methods,treatment cycles,side effects,follow-up plan,and the combination of PRRT with other drugs based on the published international guidelines in this field and our experience from clinical practice.Hoping that relevant professionals can well understand the principle of PRRT and apply it in clinical practice,we write this article to provide a basis for serving real-world patients and carrying out clinical trials.

Based on the PSR model, we built an evaluation system for resource and environment carrying capacity. We used the entropy weight method, the comprehensive index model and the spatial analysis function of GIS to explore the spatial-temporal dynamic of the resource and environment carrying capacity of the Lanzhou-Xining urban agglomeration, and used the obstacle degree model to identify the obstacle factors. The results showed that resource and environment carrying capacity of the Lanzhou-Xining urban agglomeration from 2005 to 2018 showed a fluctuating upward trend, which was generally at good condition. The coefficient of variation of resource and environment carrying capacity had a fluctuating upward trend, while regional differences were gradually expanding. Spatially, resource and environment carrying capacity presented a "dual-core" structure centered on the main urban areas of Lanzhou and Xining. The high-level areas were mainly concentrated in the Hehuang Valley with Lanzhou and Xining as the center and some surrounding counties, while the low-level areas were distributed in the central and southern regions of the urban agglomeration. Among them, there were spatiotemporal variations of the subsystem index. The pressure index showed a fluctuating and decreasing trend, and spatially showed a decreasing distribution characteristic from Lanzhou and Xining urban areas to the peripheral areas. The state index showed a fluctuating upward trend, and spatially showed the evolution characteristics of high in the east and west wings and low in the middle. The response index showed an upward trend, and spatially showed distribution patterns high in the east and middle, and low in the west and outside. The urbanization rate, per capita industrial wastewater discharge, domestic waste harmless treatment rate, water consumption index, and the proportion of environmental protection investment in GDP are the main obstacles restricting the improvement of resource and environment carrying capacity of Lanhzhou-Xining urban agglomeration.

The integration of habitat processing and processing of Chinese medicinal decoction pieces(hereinafter referred to as "integration") has changed the traditional processing mode and can ensure the quality of Chinese medicinal decoction pieces from the source. This paper introduced the background of integration from the connotation and denotation of integration, relevant policies and regulations, and variety development. The present situation of integration was analyzed from the existing problems and current research progress, and the development suggestions were proposed. It is considered that although the integration is in line with the development trend of the industry with the advantages of improving the quality and standardizing the management of decoction pieces, there are still some problems, such as the lack of variety selection principles and production technical specifications, imperfect quality control stan-dards in the production process, and inadequate integration of standards and supervision. Therefore, it is suggested to determine the integrated variety selection principles and variety range as soon as possible, establish relevant technical specifications, improve quality control standards in the production process, and strengthen policy guidance and supervision to promote the healthy and orderly development of integration.

Based on the basic information of the Second National Pollution Source Census and the VOCs source profiles of industrial industries, we established the speciated emission inventory of major industrial sources in Chongqing in 2017, estimated their ozone formation potential (OFP), and identified the key control species of industrial VOCs and their sources. The results showed that the total VOCs emission from industrial sources and their OFPs were 144.12 kt and 477.34 kt, respectively. Automobile manufacturing, equipment manufacturing, plastic manufacturing, and chemical raw materials and chemical products were all industries that contributed significantly to VOCs emissions and OFP, with VOCs emissions of 37.18, 33.09, 19.47, and 18.14 kt and OFP of 191.43, 153.69, 27.21, and 57.51 kt, respectively. Aromatics were the components with the largest contribution to VOCs emissions and OFP, accounting for 62.55% of the total VOCs emissions and 82.15% of the total OFP, mainly from metal surface coating and petrochemical industries. The major reactive species of industrial source VOCs were m/p -xylene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o -xylene, and propylene, with OFP of 130.47, 103.37, 46.37, 42.83, and 28.26 kt, respectively, cumulatively accounting for 71.11% of the total OFP. In terms of spatial distribution, the emission intensity of VOCs and O 3 pollution degree in all districts and counties of Chongqing were relatively consistent; the high value points of VOCs emissions and OFP were mainly distributed in the main urban area and the western area, and the sources of VOCs emission in the main urban area and western area were mainly in metal surface coating and the petrochemical industry, respectively.

Based on the flow direction of the Fuhe River into Baiyangdian Lake, the impacted area of the Fuhe River was divided into 6 subareas, and sediments from 48 sites were collected in November 2020. The characteristics and risks of sediment nutrients and heavy metal pollution in these six subareas were investigated. The results showed that the average ω (TN), ω (TP), and ω (TOC) were 1841 mg·kg -1 , 769 mg·kg -1 , and 1.77%, respectively. The major heavy metals were Cd, Cu, Zn, Hg, and Pb, which were 3.73, 1.50, 1.42, 1.31, and 1.31 times the soil background values for Hebei Province, respectively. The TP and heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Zn, Hg, and Pb) content showed a decreasing trend from the Fuhe River estuary to the downstream Zaolinzhuang, whereas the TN and TOC content showed no marked trends. TN, TP, TOC, and heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Zn, Hg, and Pb) were enriched in surface sediments (0-10 cm). The TP content in the surface sediments (0-10 cm) of the Fuhe River estuary, Fuhe River estuary-Nanliuzhuang, and Nanliuzhuang subareas were heavily polluted; the Wangjiazhai and Guangdian subareas were moderately polluted; and the Zaolinzhuang subarea was slightly polluted. Cd and Hg were the major contributors to heavy metal pollution, which were at considerable risk and moderate risk levels, respectively. The heavy metals in surface sediments (0-10 cm) of the Fuhe River estuary, Fuhe River estuary-Nanliuzhuang, and Nanliuzhuang subareas were at a considerable risk level, and the sediments below 30 cm presented a low risk level. The leaching concentrations of heavy metals in sediments from the subarea of severe ecological risk level were far less than the identification standard values of leaching toxicity, suggesting that the sediments can be treated as general waste after dredging.

To reveal the effects of plantations on soil microbial environment,the composition and diversity of soil fungi and bacterial communities in five restoration models ( Robinia pseudoacacia , Populus hopeiensis , Pinus tabuliformis , Picea crassifolia , natural restoration) in the mountainous area of southern Ningxia were compared by using high-throughput sequencing technology. The correlation between soil physical-chemical properties and dominant microbial groups was analyzed. The results showed that: 1) Dominant fungi in different restoration models were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota, and unclassified fungi, which accounted for 90% of total fungal community. The dominant soil bacteria were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, Chloroflexi, and other bacteria, accounting for more than 80% of total bacterial community. 2) The diversity of soil fungi in P. tabuliformis forest was the highest, with Shannon index, and Simpson index being 3.72±0.37 and 0.07±0.04, respectively. The richness of fungi in naturally restored forest land was the highest, with Ace and Chao1 index of 708.19±137.25 and 706.26±125.34, respectively. The bacterial diversity and richness of species in P. tabuliformis forest land was the highest. The Shannon, Simpson, Ace and Chao1 indices were 6.57±0.04, 0.004±0.00, 3439.81±41.67, 3463.14±32.16, respectively. 3) The fungus with significant difference among restoration models were Solicoccozyma , Cladosporium , and Alternaria . Bacteria from Norank_f_67-14 , Rubrobacter_f_Rubrobacteraceae , Sphingomonas_f_Sphingomonadaceae had significant difference among restoration models. 4) The RDA ordination of the dominant microbial flora and soil physical-chemical properties showed that soil bulk density (BD), carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N), and pH were the major factors affecting the dominant fungal flora. BD, nitrogen to phosphorus ratio (N/P), total phosphorus (TP), and total carbon (TC) were the main factors affecting the dominant bacterial flora. In general, the difference of composition and diversity in the fungal community of different restoration models was higher than that of the bacterial community, indicating that the fungal communities were more sensitive to the changes of tree species and soil environment than bacterial communities. Our results could provide the theoretical foundation for vegetation restoration measures and the maintenance of ecosystem function stability in southern Ningxia.

Objective: To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of autoimmune encephalitis (AE)., Methods: Accessing data from the electronic medical records of patients receiving care at West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China between 2013 and 2019, we conducted a retrospective study of the disease characteristics, laboratory examinations, treatment, and prognosis of AE patients. Before they were discharged, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to assess the prognosis of AE patients and their mRS scores were then used to categorize patients as having good prognosis (mRS scores of 0-2) or poor prognosis (mRS scores of 3-6). Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors associated with poor prognosis., Results: A total of 121 patients were included in the study. The male-to-female ratio was 1∶1.1. At the time of diagnosis, patients were mainly from the age group of young to middle-aged individuals. Among the 121 patients, 64.5% (78 patients) had anti-N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, accounting for the largest proportion. 33.1% (40 patients) first visited the Department of Psychiatry for medical assistance. 62.8% (76 patients ) showed prodromal symptoms. The common clinical manifestations of the AE patients at the time of admission included cognitive dysfunction (104 patients, 86.0%), thought disorder (90 patients, 74.4%), and altered behaviors (88 patients, 72.7%). The NMDAR antibody titers were higher in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) than those in the serum. Double-positive antibodies were detected in 6 patients. No abnormality was observed in the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 42 patients (34.7%) . Electroencephalography abnormalities were observed in 71 patients (58.7%). 111 patients (91.7%) received first-line immunotherapy and 61 patients (50.4%) still had neuropsychiatric deficits when they were discharged. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that consciousness disorder (odds ratio [ OR ] =4.230, 95% confidence interval [ CI ] : 1.540-11.617; P =0.005), altered behavior ( OR =2.997, 95% CI : 1.068-8.406; P =0.037) and movement disorder ( OR =7.753, 95% CI : 1.446-41.578; P =0.017) were risk factors for poor clinical prognosis of AE patients., Conclusions: Patients with AE mainly manifest cognitive damage. Half of the patients left neuropsychiatric deficits. The relationship between CSF titers and serum titers is unparalleled. The options of immunotherapy show no difference in their influence on prognosis. Cognitive dysfunction, altered behavior and movement disorder are independent risk factors for a poor prognosis at discharge., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

The cultivation of medical students'research ability promotes in them high-quality career development. In addition to classroom instruction of the theoretical knowledge concerning research, the systematic training and practice of scientific research skills outside the classroom is also vitally important. We established the Volunteer Team of Gastric Cancer Surgery with the features of standardization, progressiveness, and practicality in order to cultivate the thinking skills concerning research and the research ability of medical students. Our team is supported by the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Taking clinical and basic research skills training as the focus of our work, we have organized systematic workshops focused on theoretical knowledge and research skills practice programs of divers forms. Our work helps improve the research ability of medical students, suggesting that research-oriented clubs play an active role in the cultivation of practical research ability of medical students and should be widely promoted., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

A dredging demonstration project in the Baiyangdian Lake included open waters and fishing ponds to reduce the internal release of nitrogen and phosphorus from bottom sediments. The dredging depth design was determined by both the sediment vertical distribution profile of total nitrogen and phosphorus, and the sediment adsorption-desorption equilibrium method. The determined dredging depths were very similar and coincident. The dredging depth for the demonstration area of open waters in Nanliuzhuang was identified as(50±10) cm; and the dredging depths for fishing ponds were(30±10) cm in both the Nanliuzhuang and Caiputai demonstration areas. The equilibrium nitrogen(NH 4 + -N) and phosphorus(SRP) concentrations at zero net sorption or desorption(ENC 0 and EPC 0 ) were significantly positively correlated with both exchangeable and total nitrogen and phosphorus in the sediments. The total nitrogen and phosphorus in the sediments were also used to predict the risk of their release from the bottom sediments to the overlying water column. The sediment layers with ENC 0 and EPC 0 values greater than the NH 4 + -N and SRP in the overlying water column indicated the sediments act as a source of dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus to the overlying water column in the Nanliuzhuang and Caiputai demonstration areas. Accordingly, the sediment layers with both total nitrogen concentrations greater than 750 mg·kg -1 and total phosphorus concentrations greater than 500 mg·kg -1 should be identified as dredging layers.

In late August 2020, a period of O 3 pollution occurred in the main urban area of Chongqing and lasted for approximately 2 weeks (till early September). Ambient air samples, collected using Summa Canisters and DNPH sampling columns at three observation sites in the main urban area, were used to study the composition, photochemical reaction activity, and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the period of O 3 pollution. The results showed that the mean volume fraction of TVOCs in the main urban area of Chongqing during the observation period was 45.08×10 -9 , and the components were ranked by volume fraction in the following order:OVOCs, alkanes, halohydrocarbons, alkenes, aromatics, and alkynes. Formaldehyde, ethylene, and acetone made up the higher volume fraction of VOCs, together accounting for more than 30% of TVOCs. OVOCs and alkenes contributed more to · OH loss rate ( L i ·OH ) and ozone formation potential (OFP) and were the key VOCs components for ozone generation. The main active species in the OVOCs component were formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein; the main active species in the alkene component were isoprene, ethylene, and n -butene. The ratio of xylene to ethylbenzene in VOCs was low, and they showed a significant correlation, indicating that the VOCs air mass in the main urban area was highly aging and affected by long-distance transmission from other areas. The source apportionment results of the PMF model showed five main sources of VOCs, namely secondary generation (27.67%), vehicle exhaust (26.56%), industrial emission (17.86%), plant (14.51%), and fossil fuel combustion (13.4%).

Malocclusion is one of the three most common oral diseases reported by World Health Organization(WHO). In China, its incidence rate is rising. Malocclusion seriously affects the dental and maxillofacial function, facial appearance and growth development of nearly 260 million children in China, and what is more, it affects their physical and mental health development. Malocclusion occurrence is related to genetic and environmental factors. Early treatment of malocclusion can create a good dental and maxillofacial development environment, correct abnormal growth and control the adverse effects of abnormal genetic factors. It can effectively reduce the prevalence of children's malocclusion and enhance their physical and mental health. This is an urgent need from the economic perspective of our society, so it has great practical and social significance. Experts from the project group "standard diagnose and treatment protocols for early orthodontic intervention of malocclusions of children" which initiated by China National Health Institute of Hospital Administration wrote the "China Experts' Consensus on Preventive and Interceptive Orthodontic Treatments of Malocclusions of Children", which aims to guide and popularize the clinical practice, improve the clinical theory and practice level, and accelerate the disciplinary development of early treatment of children's malocclusion in China. The consensus elaborates the harmfulness of malocclusion and the necessity of early treatment, and brings up the principles and fundamental contents. Based on the law of dental and maxillofacial development, this paper puts forward the guiding suggestions of preventive and interceptive treatments in different stages of dental development ranging from fetus to early permanent dentition. It is a systematic project to promote and standardize the early treatment of malocclusion. Through scientific and comprehensive stratified clinical practice and professional training, the clinical system of early treatment of malocclusion in China will eventually be perfected, so as to comprehensively care for children's dental and maxillofacial health, and improve their oral and physical health in China.

Objective: To investigate the clinical values of the differences between hematocrit and serum albumin (HCT-ALB) for evaluating the severity of patients with acute paraquat (PQ) poisoning., Methods: Patients with acute PQ poisoning admitted to the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province from January 2018 to December 2019 were enrolled, and healthy voluteers during the same period were selected as the control. The general information, poisoning dose and poisoning time of patients, as well as the HCT and serum ALB levels before blood product infusion, intravenous infusion, or hemopurification at admission were collected, and the HCT-ALB was calculated. According to the results of rapid semiquantitative test of PQ in urine at admission, the patients were divided into PQ low concentration group (0-10 mg/L) and PQ high concentration group (30-100 mg/L). The relationship between poisoning time, poisoning dose, HCT-ALB and the degree of acute PQ poisoning were analyzed, and Spearman method was used to analyze the grade correlation., Results: A total of 295 patients with acute PQ poisoning were enrolled, including 118 cases in PQ low concentration group and 177 cases in PQ high concentration group, and another 200 healthy persons matched with PQ patients in gender and age (healthy control group). The poisoning time of PQ low concentration group was significantly longer than that of PQ high concentration group [hours: 11.0 (6.0, 60.0) vs. 8.0 (5.0, 20.5), P < 0.01], but the poisoning dose was significantly lower than that of PQ high concentration group [mL: 10.0 (5.8, 15.0) vs. 40.0 (20.0, 80.0), P < 0.01]. The HCT and HCT-ALB in PQ low and high concentration groups were significantly higher than those of the healthy control group [HCT: (43.14±4.41)%, (43.54±5.40)% vs. (42.14±2.15)%, HCT-ALB: 3.59±6.26, 5.94±7.80 vs. -7.26±3.55, all P < 0.01], but ALB was significantly lower than that of the healthy control group (g/L: 39.54±5.74, 37.60±7.15 vs. 49.40±3.41, both P < 0.01). With the increase of urine PQ concentration, the HCT and HCT-ALB further increased, and ALB further decreased. There were significant differences between PQ high concentration group and PQ low concentration group [HCT: (43.54±5.40)% vs. (43.14±4.41)%, HCT-ALB: 5.94±7.80 vs. 3.59±6.26, ALB (g/L): 37.60±7.15 vs. 39.54±5.74, all P < 0.05]. The poisoning severity of patients with acute PQ poisoning were negatively correlated with poisoning time and ALB (r values were -0.195 and -0.695, respectively, both P < 0.01), there were positively correlated with poisoning dose, HCT, and HCT-ALB (r values were 0.650, 0.256, 0.737, respectively, all P < 0.01), and the correlation between HCT-ALB and poisoning severity was the strongest., Conclusions: The HCT-ALB can reflect the poisoning severity of patients with acute PQ poisoning and indirectly reveal the pathological changes of microvessels in patients with acute PQ poisoning.

Reasonable application of microbial agents can significantly improve soil environment and increase the yield and quality of vegetables. In this study, we examined the effects of different forms of microbial agents on the growth and quality of Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis Makino (non-heading Chinese cabbage) under the conditions of no microbial agent application, liquid and solid microbe agents application. The results showed that compared with no microbial agent, application of liquid and solid microbial agent significantly improved soil urease activity, plant nitrogen content, leaf area, SPAD value, and net photosynthetic rate, and increased vegetable production by 26.9% and 34.4% respectively. Meanwhile, the total phenol content and ascorbic acid content of non-heading Chinese cabbage were increased and nitrate content was significantly decreased by applying microbial agents. Thus, rational application of microbial agents promoted the yield and quality of non-heading Chinese cabbage. From the perspective of vegetable growth, liquid microbial agents work fast, solid microbial agents had good long-term efficacy. The cooperating application with organic and inorganic fertilizers would facilitate the excellent quality and high yield of vegetables.

The urgent requirement of human society to solve major resource and environmental pro-blems at the regional and global scales promotes the rises of macroecosystem science (MES) and the multidisciplinary fusions of natural science and humanities. Furthermore, it facilitates the innovation of macroecosystem scientific theory, as well as the development of continental and global scale knowledge fusion methodology and key technology. With the aim to serve the construction and deve-lopment of continental and global scale knowledge fusion methodological system for the changes of ecosystem status and resource environmental effect studies, we systematically elaborated the multi-disciplinary dimensional basic scientific problems, logic relationships and frontiers in the macroecosystem science, discussed the ideology and content of constructing the continental and global scale research methodological system, proposed to develop the networked observation-networked experiment-numerical simulation-knowledge fusion four-in-one infrastructures. This study would provide theoretical references for the network design of ecosystem observation research in China and at the global scale.

Objective: To analyze clinical features and genetic cause for a Chinese pedigree affected with microphthalmia., Methods: The proband and his parents were subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES) to identify potential pathogenic variants. Sanger sequencing was carried out to confirm the result of WES in available members from the pedigree. Prenatal diagnosis was provided to the proband's mother by genetic testing of amnionic DNA., Results: A heterozygous nonsense mutation c.289C>T (p.R97*) was identified in the OTX2 gene among three patients from the pedigree by WES. The result was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The proband's mother has carried the same mutation but did not have microphthalmia. The proband's father, aunt and the mother's fetus did not carry the mutation., Conclusion: The c.289C>T (p.R97*) mutation probably underlies the microphthalmia in this pedigree. Above result has facilitated genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis.

Objective: To investigate the incidence rate of infectious diseases during hospitalization in late preterm infants in Beijing, China, as well as the risk factors for infectious diseases and the effect of breastfeeding on the development of infectious diseases., Methods: Related data were collected from the late preterm infants who were hospitalized in the neonatal wards of 25 hospitals in Beijing, China, from October 23, 2015 to October 30, 2017. According to the feeding pattern, they were divided into a breastfeeding group and a formula feeding group. The two groups were compared in terms of general status and incidence rate of infectious diseases. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors for infectious diseases., Results: A total of 1 576 late preterm infants were enrolled, with 153 infants in the breastfeeding group and 1 423 in the formula feeding group. Of all infants, 484 (30.71%) experienced infectious diseases. The breastfeeding group had a significantly lower incidence rate of infectious diseases than the formula feeding group (22.88% vs 31.55%, P =0.033). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that breastfeeding was an independent protective factor against infectious diseases ( OR =0.534, P =0.004), while male sex, premature rupture of membranes, gestational diabetes mellitus, and asphyxia were risk factors for infectious diseases ( OR =1.328, 5.386, 1.535, and 2.353 respectively, P < 0.05)., Conclusions: Breastfeeding can significantly reduce the incidence of infectious diseases and is a protective factor against infectious diseases in late preterm infants. Breastfeeding should therefore be actively promoted for late preterm infants during hospitalization.

Understanding the quantitative relationship between multi-scale landscape pattern and water quality is of important theoretical significance for rational landscape configuration and non-point source pollution control. Using water quality data at nine monitoring sites on the Baihe River in the upper reaches of the Miyun Reservoir in Beijing, a correlation analysis and a multiple stepwise regression were used to determine the effects of the landscape characteristics on the water quality at different riparian buffer zone scales (100, 200, 300, 500, and 1000 m). The results showed that the impact of the landscape pattern, composed of both landscape composition and configuration, on the surface water quality, varied significantly with spatial scales. The landscape characteristics for the 300 m and 100 m buffer zones appeared to have slightly greater effects on the water quality index TN and TP, respectively. The patch density of cultivated land and the aggregation index of grassland were recognized as the dominant indices influencing TN for the 300 m buffer zone. The area proportion of rural residential at the 100 m buffer zone was the dominant index influencing TP. It is very important to optimize the landscape pattern within a 300 m width of a riparian buffer zone. In particular, the reasonable allocation of cultivated land, forest, and grassland, to improve the connectivity and aggregation of agricultural landscapes, and the control of rural residential areas and pollutant discharge along the river bank, will enhance the ecological function of the water quality of the Baihe River in Beijing. This will ensure drinking water safety from the Miyun Reservoir.

Ammonia volatilization is one of the major paths of nitrogen (N) loss and may exert a substantial impact on air quality. This study aims to explore the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer types, fertilization rate, and application timing and gas collection method on NH 3 volatilization during the maize season in Northern China. This study collected the publications on the NH 3 volatilization from maize farming which were conducted in Northern China from 1980 to 2018, and undertook a systematic analysis. The study found that with the increase of N rate, the total and net NH 3 volatilization at the basal and topdressing fertilization stages increased at exponential and power function, respectively. When the ratio of basal/topdressing N rate was 1/1, the total and net NH 3 volatilization during the topdressing stage (58.4% of the whole season emission) was significantly higher than that in the basal fertilization stage (41.6%) ( P <0.05). The priming effect first showed a negative effect and then gradually turned into a positive effect with the increase of N rate. Due to the positive priming effect, the net NH 3 volatilization, without considering the priming effect, was overestimated under the conventional N application (>297 kg·hm -2 ). There is a significant difference between the NH 3 volatilization measured by the venting method and the sponge absorption method, and the data from the venting method are more stable ( P <0.01). Compared with conventional urea, slow-release urea may reduce NH 3 volatilization by 20% to 50%. Control fertilizer N rate at the topdressing stage is more efficient in reducing the NH 3 volatilization from maize production in Northern China, and the venting method is more suitable for the quantification of NH 3 volatilization than the sponge absorption method under a high rate of fertilizer N.

We analyzed composition and spatial distribution of main species in the surrounding grassland of Baiyinhua mining area in Inner Mongolia. The results showed that there were 55 plant species in the grassland, with dominant species being Stipa grandis , Carex korshinskyi , and Cleistogenes squarrosa , and common species being Leymus chinensis , Agropyron cristatum , and Anemarrhena asphodeloides . The accumulative relative importance value of those six species was 79.6%, with their densities being 26.6, 204.7, 105.4, 107.1, 68.2 and 55.1 individuals·m -2 , respectively. The population density of those six species was modeled by the semi-variance function. The population distribution was in accordance with the exponential model, exponential model, exponential model, spherical model, linear model and Gaussian model, respectively. Through analyzing the spatial distribution pattern, structure ratios were 59.2%, 97.2%, 89.1%, 94.5%, 62.6% and 72.1%, respectively. The spatial autocorrelation of C. korshinskyi , C. squarrosa and L. chinensis populations was mainly affected by structural factors, whereas S. grandis , A. cristatum and A. asphodeloides were mainly affected by random factors. According to results from the fractal dimension analysis, population distribution patterns of S. grandis , C. korshinskyi , C. squarrosa and A. cristatum were simple, and the spatial dependence was strong. Both L. chinensis and A. asphodeloides showed contrasting patterns with those four species. From 2D and 3D images, S. grandis and A. asphodeloides showed gradient diffusion, while C. korshinskyi , C. squarrosa , L. chinensis and A. cristatum showed patch distribution. The results showed that the spatial distribution of the main species in this grassland community did not correlate with mining.

The evaporative demand drought index (EDDI) is a multi-scale drought index developed from the atmospheric evaporation demand ( E 0 ). EDDI is independent of precipitation and suitable to different underlying surfaces, which can well capture water stress signals at different time scales. Based on the meteorological observation data at 52 stations in Liaoning Province from 1961 to 2018, we estimated daily E 0 , calculated EDDI at six time scales (annual, growing season, spring, summer, autumn and winter), and further identified the interannual variability of drought occurrence in Liaoning Province for the past 58 years. The results showed that EDDI had obvious interannual variation, with two high concentration periods in multiple time scales. In the 1960s, when there were many years and serious drought in Liaoning Province, high EDDI values were concentrated at the five time scales (annual, growing season, spring, autumn and winter). 2014-2018 was another relatively concentrated period of EDDI high value at all time scales except winter. In 1981-1982, the values of EDDI were high at the time scales of the annual, growth season, summer and autumn. The periods of 1963-1965 (except summer), 1972-1973 (growth season, summer), 1989-1990 (annual, growth season, spring and winter), 1997-1998 (annual, growth season and summer), 2004-2005 (spring and winter) and 2013-2014 (annual, growth season and autumn) occurred abrupt alternation from dry to wet or from wet to dry. In 1985-1987, 1993-1995 and 2005-2013, Liaoning Province had obvious dry gaps.

In order to explore the spatial and temporal characteristics of the phytoplankton community structure and its influencing factors in Shanghai rivers, the water quality and phytoplankton community structure at 44 river channel sites in a central urban area, new town area, and rural area in Shanghai were investigated from September to October 2018 (autumn) and July to August 2019 (summer). The results showed that:① Chlorophyta was the dominant phyla during the autumn and summer, and was followed by Cyanobacteria and Bacillariophyta. Cyanobacteria dominated the phytoplankton community in terms of density. The number of species and density of phytoplankton were 24% and 2.77 times higher, respectively, than those during the summer and autumn. The dominance of Microcystis sp. was obvious during the autumn ( Y =0.16), but there was no absolute dominant species during the summer. ② The difference in the number of phytoplankton species among the three regions was not significant, and the density of the total phytoplankton and cyanobacteria species showed a similar spatial pattern:rural area > new town area > central urban area. Additionally, no significant difference was observed in the total phytoplankton and Cyanobacteria density among the three regions during the autumn ( P >0.05), whereas it was 1.82 and 1.93 times higher, respectively, in the rural area in comparison to the central urban area during the summer ( P <0.05). Montecarlo test results revealed that the main factors affecting the phytoplankton community structure during the autumn were secchi disk transparency (SD), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and turbidimetry (Turb), whereas these were TN, Turb, SD, and pH during the summer. ③ The results of a redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that during the autumn, the phytoplankton in the rivers of the new town area were mainly affected by Turb, TN, and TP, while the rural rivers were mainly affected by SD. During the summer, the phytoplankton in the rivers of the new town and rural areas were mainly affected by TN and Turb. The influencing factors in the central urban area were complex.

Osteoporosis fracture with high disability and mortality is a difficult problem that seriously affects the life quality of individuals. At present, there is still a lack of anti-osteoporosis drugs with clear target and significant efficacy in the clinical practice. Rehmanniae Radix and its prescriptions have significant clinical effects. In this regard, more and more studies have reported the effects and mechanisms of Rehmanniae Radix and its active components, and the certain research outputs have been achieved. In this article, the PubMed, Web of science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang database were searched to collect and organize the latest research progress of Rehmanniae Radix treatment of osteoporosis in the recent 10 years. We summarized the research dynamics as well as the function indexes and mechanisms of the raw and processed Rehmanniae Radix, active ingredients such as catalpol, aucubin, acteoside and Rehmanniae Radix polysaccharide, and their formulating prescriptions, and then excavated the potential active ingredients, targets and signaling pathways, including the effect on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, promoting the osteoblast proliferation and promoting osteogenesis differentiation(increasing alkaline phosphatase, typeⅠ collagen, osteoprotegerin, and osteocalcin and promoting calcium deposits), increasing the bone density, inhibiting the osteoclast quantity and differentiation, promoting the osteoclast apoptosis, and reducing tartrate resistant acid phosphatase and bone resorption pit area to provide the reference and develop new ideas for developing Rehmanniae Radix prescriptions for treatment of osteoporosis and exploring its mechanism.

Enrofloxacin (ENR), a fluoroquinolones antibiotic, is widely used in the medical and aquaculture fields. Its residues in surface waters in China are high. However, few studies have evaluated both its toxicity to phytoplankton and the degradation or removal by microalgae. In this study, the growth, photosynthetic activity, and exopolysaccharides (EPS) of freshwater micro-green algae Dictyosphaerium sp. and the dynamics of ENR concentrations (0, 5, 25, 50, and 100 mg·L -1 ) were studied through an exposure experiment for 12 days. Results showed that the biomass and photosynthetic pigment content of Dictyosphaerium sp. increased with increasing exposure time in each treatment; however, it showed a significant inhibitory effect on the growth and pigment accumulation of Dictyosphaerium sp. compared with the control group ( P <0.01). The LC 50 of ENR to Dictyosphaerium sp. was (241.29±7.33) mg·L -1 after 96-h exposure, indicating that Dictyosphaerium sp. could adapt to the stress conditions of high concentration ENR. Meanwhile, when the concentration of enrofloxacin was<5 mg·L -1 , it was found to promote the maximum photosynthetic rate ( F v / F m ) of Dictyosphaerium sp. On the contrary, when the concentration of enrofloxacin was>5 mg·L -1 , photosynthetic inhibition was observed ( P <0.01). The actual photosynthetic rate (Yield) and the maximum electron transfer rate (ETR max ) showed a trend of initially decreasing and then increasing in 12 days. It can gradually adapt to the stress conditions and recover certain photosynthetic activity after 6 days' exposure. In addition, ENR can also stimulate the EPS (RPS and CPS) release. At the end of the experiment, the removal rates of ENR in the four control groups (no algae addition groups) (5, 25, 50, and 100 mg·L -1 ENR) were 7.27%, 5.56%, 5.30%, and 4.88%, respectively, while the removal rates of the treatment groups were 3.21, 3.01, 2.69, and 2.83 times of the no algae groups, indicating that Dictyosphaerium sp. had a significant promoting effect on the removal of ENR ( P <0.01). Overall, our results can provide new insights for the understanding of the ecological toxicity of fluoroquinolone antibiotics to primary producers in the aquatic system and also provide new ideas for the ecological removal of antibiotic residues in water bodies and the biological resource utilization of freshwater microalgae.

Purpose: To explore the sonographic appearance of leukoplakia in non-masticatory oral mucosa, classifying mucosal leukoplakia according to the characteristics of sonogram, and providing reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment., Methods: Eighteen patients (24 lesions) were diagnosed as oral leukoplakia at the Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital. The lesions were located in the tongue, floor of mouth, buccal mucosa and libial mucosa. Before the biopsy was taken, intra-oral path ultrasound was performed at the Department of Ultrasound to observe the lesion's extent, continuity, presence or absence of keratinization, the thickness of each layer in the epithelium, and color doppler flow imaging of the lesions. Quantitative analysis software 'Qontraxt' was used to randomly measure the relative echo intensity of the mucosal surface in leukoplakia areas, and summarize the keratinization type. SPSS 25.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data, and paired t test was used for inter-group comparison of the data., Results: Oral leukoplakia sonograms showed that the epithelial layer appeared keratinization, the epithelial was thickened, and the echo was enhanced. The stratum intermedium showed a low echo thickening band, and the echo of partial lesions' surface decreased or the blood flow signal in oral mucosa increased. The hyperechoic band in the leukoplakia area was significantly thickened (P<0.001), and the echo was enhanced, with the tongue and buccal mucosa being the most significant. The hypoechoic band was significantly thicker (P<0.001), with the buccal mucosa and labial mucosa being the most significant. The surface and stratum corneum echo intensity values were determined by Qontraxt quantitative analysis software to determine whether there were keratinization and the keratinization types. The echo intensity values was 43.28±9.33 in non-OLK area, 92.88±3.12 in OLK with orthokeratosis, and 84.75±5.76 in OLK with parakeratosis., Conclusions: Ultrasound imaging can effectively define mucosal leukoplakia and measure the thickness of each layer in the epithelium. In addition, special adjoint changes such as ulcers, infections and cancerous changes can be detected. Intraoral ultrasonic imaging can provide imaging evidence for clinical diagnosis, treatment planning and post-treatment follow-up and contribute to avoid unnecessary mucosal iatrogenic injury or recurrence of disease after treatment.